四川盆地中二叠统茅口组层序地层特征及其对源储的控制作用
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摘要
近期在四川盆地西北及中部地区部署的双探1井、南充1井在中二叠统茅口组白云岩及岩溶储层中获得高产工业气流,展示了该区茅口组良好的天然气勘探前景。为研究其层序地层发育特征,采用曲线频谱趋势属性分析技术并辅以钻井及野外露头资料验证,对茅口组进行了层序地层划分,进而建立起全盆地统一的层序地层格架,分析了层序格架内的地层剥蚀特征,在此基础之上,分析了层序对源储的控制作用:①可将茅口组划分为2个三级层序SQ1和SQ2,其中SQ1由茅一段茅三段构成,SQ2由茅四段构成;②层序地层的对比表明,在盆地范围内茅口组遭受不同程度的剥蚀,存在"三强两弱"剥蚀区,其中川西南、川东局部地区2个弱剥蚀区仅SQ2上部少量遭受剥蚀,而蜀南一川中、川东北、川西北3个强剥蚀区SQ2剥蚀殆尽;③层序格架内烃源岩和储集层的发育部位明显受层序界面控制,能够形成有效储层的颗粒滩主要分布于SQ1的高位体系域,而有效烃源岩则主要分布于SQ1的海侵体系域。结论认为:这一层序划分方法更客观合理,可有效指导该区的油气勘探。
Wells Shuangtanl and Nanchongl deployed in the southwestern and central parts of the Sichuan Basin have obtained highyield industrial gas flow in the dolomite and karst reservoirs of Middle Permian Maokou Formation,showing good exploration prospects of Maokou Formation.In order to identify the sequence stratigraphic features of Maokou Formation,its sequence stratigraphy was divided and a unified sequence stratigraphic framework applicable for the entire basin was established to analyze the stratigraphic denudation features within the sequence framework by using the spectral curve trend attribute analysis,together with drilling and outcrop data.On this basis,the controls of sequence on source rocks and reservoirs were analyzed.In particular,the Maokou Formation was divided into two third-order sequences,SQ1 and SQ2,among which,SQ1 was composed of Mao1 Member-Mao3 Member,while SQ2 was composed of Mao4 Member.Sequence stratigraphic correlation indicated that the Maokou Formation within the basin had experienced erosion to varying extent,forming "three intense and two weak" denuded regions,among which,the upper part of SQ2 was slightly denuded in the two weak denuded regions(Southwestern Sichuan and locally Eastern Sichuan),while SQ2 was denuded out in the three intense denuded regions(Southern Sichuan-Central Sichuan,Northeastern Sichuan and Northwestern Sichuan).The development of source rocks and reservoirs within sequence stratigraphic framework was significantly affected by sequence boundary;the grain banks that can form effective reservoir were predominately distributed in SQ1 highstand systems tract(HST),while effective source rocks were predominately distributed in SQ1 transgressive systems tract(TST).It is concluded that the sequence division method is objective and reasonable,which can effectively guide oil and gas exploration in this region.
Wells Shuangtanl and Nanchongl deployed in the southwestern and central parts of the Sichuan Basin have obtained highyield industrial gas flow in the dolomite and karst reservoirs of Middle Permian Maokou Formation,showing good exploration prospects of Maokou Formation.In order to identify the sequence stratigraphic features of Maokou Formation,its sequence stratigraphy was divided and a unified sequence stratigraphic framework applicable for the entire basin was established to analyze the stratigraphic denudation features within the sequence framework by using the spectral curve trend attribute analysis,together with drilling and outcrop data.On this basis,the controls of sequence on source rocks and reservoirs were analyzed.In particular,the Maokou Formation was divided into two third-order sequences,SQ1 and SQ2,among which,SQ1 was composed of Mao1 Member-Mao3 Member,while SQ2 was composed of Mao4 Member.Sequence stratigraphic correlation indicated that the Maokou Formation within the basin had experienced erosion to varying extent,forming "three intense and two weak" denuded regions,among which,the upper part of SQ2 was slightly denuded in the two weak denuded regions(Southwestern Sichuan and locally Eastern Sichuan),while SQ2 was denuded out in the three intense denuded regions(Southern Sichuan-Central Sichuan,Northeastern Sichuan and Northwestern Sichuan).The development of source rocks and reservoirs within sequence stratigraphic framework was significantly affected by sequence boundary;the grain banks that can form effective reservoir were predominately distributed in SQ1 highstand systems tract(HST),while effective source rocks were predominately distributed in SQ1 transgressive systems tract(TST).It is concluded that the sequence division method is objective and reasonable,which can effectively guide oil and gas exploration in this region.
引文
[1]陈宗清.四川盆地中二叠统茅口组天然气勘探[J].中国石油勘探,2007,12(5):1-11.Chen Zongqing.Exploration for natural gas in middle Permian Maokou Formation of Sichuan Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2007,12(5):1-11.
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[3]张运波.四川盆地中二叠统层序地层及沉积模式[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2011.Zhang Yunbo.Sequence stratigraphy and depositional models of the Middle Permian in Sichuan Basin[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2011.
[4]陈洪德,覃建雄,王成善,寿建峰,李祥辉.中国南方二叠纪层序岩相古地理特征及演化[J].沉积学报,1999,17(4):510-521.Chen Hongde,Qin Jianxiong,Wang Chengshan,Shou Jianfeng,Li Xianghui.Sequence-based lithofacies and paleogeographic characteristics and evolution of Permian in South China[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1999,17(4):510-521.
[5]李凤杰,陈荣林.四川盆地东北地区中-下二叠统层序地层特征研究[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(5):472-477.Li Fengjie,Chen Ronglin.Study on the Middle-Lower Permian sequence stratigraphy in northeastern area,the Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2008,30(5):472-477.
[6]刘雁婷,张文军,熊治富,赵永庆,季春辉.四川盆地东北部中二叠统层序地层特征[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2014,34(2):47-53.Liu Yanting,Zhang Wenjun,Xiong Zhifu,Zhao Yongqing,Ji Chunhui.Sequence stratigraphy of the Middle Permian strata in northeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2014,34(2);47-53.
[7]四川油气区石油地质志编写组.中国石油地质志(卷十四川油气区)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology on Oil&Gas Zones in Sichuan Basin.Petroleum Geology of China(vol.10)[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1996.
[8]江青春,胡素云,汪泽成,池英柳,杨雨,鲁卫华,等.四川盆地茅口组风化壳岩溶古地貌及勘探选区[J].石油学报,2012,33(6):949-960.Jiang Qinchun,Hu Suyun,Wang Zecheng,Chi Yingliu,Yang Yu,Lu Weihua,et al.Paleokarst landform of the weathering crust of Middle Permian Maokou Formation in Sichuan Basin and selection of exploration regions[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(6):949-960.
[9]何斌,徐义刚,王雅玫,肖龙.东吴运动性质的厘定及其时空演变规律[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2005,30(1):89-96.He Bin,Xu Yigang,Wang Yamei,Xiao Long.Nature of the Dongwu Movement and its temporal and spatial evolution[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2005,30(1):89-96.
[10]何斌,徐义刚,肖龙,王康明,沙绍礼.峨眉山大火成岩省的形成机制及空间展布:来自沉积地层学研究的新证据[J].地质学报,2003,77(2):194-202.He Bin,Xu Yigang,Xiao Long,Wang Kangming,Sha Shaoli.Generation and spatial distribution of the Emeishan large igneous province:New evidence from stratigraphic records[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2003,77(2):194-202.
[11]Nio SD,Brouwer J,Smith D,Jonh M,Bhm A.Spectral trend attribute analysis:Applications in the stratigraphic analysis of wireline logs[J].First Break,2005,23(4):71-75.
[12]张红贞.塔河4区奥陶系碳酸盐岩地层对比及有利储层预测[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2011.Zhang Hongzhen.Carbonate stratigraphic correlation and favorable reservoir prediction of Ordovician in Tahe District]V[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2011.
[13]张红贞.测井频谱分析技术在碎屑岩层序地层分析中的应用研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2005.Zhang Hongzhen.The research of applications of spectral analysis technique of wireline logs in the siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy analyse[D].Qingdao:China Ocean University,2005.
[14]路顺行,张红贞,孟恩,孙效功.运用INPEFA技术开展层序地层研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(6):703-708.Lu Shunxing,Zhang Hongzhen,Meng En,Sun Xiaogong.Application of INPEFA technique to carry out sequence-stratigraphic study[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(6):703-708.
[15]刘洛夫,徐敬领,高鹏,邹长春,王远征,徐新宇.综合预测误差滤波分析方法在地层划分及等时对比中的应用FJ].石油天然气地质,2013,34(4):564-572.Liu Luofu,Xu Jingling,Gao Peng,Zou Changchun,Wang Yuanzheng,Xu Xinyu.Application of comprehensive predication error filter analysis to stratigraphic division and isochronous correlation[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2013,34(4):564-572.
[16]安作相.泸州古隆起与川南油气[J].石油实验地质,1996,18(3):267-273.An Zuoxiang.The Luzhou paleohigh and oil/gas accumulation in southern Sichuan[J].Experimental Petroleum Geology,1996,18(3):267-273.
[17]姜自然,陆正元,吕宗刚,杨坚.四川盆地东吴期泸州古隆起与茅口组碳酸盐岩缝洞储层分布[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(4):411-415.Jiang Ziran,Lu Zhengyuan,Lii Zonggang,Yang Jian.Distribution of carbonate fractured and vuggy reservoirs of Maokou Formation in Luzhou paleo-uplift during Dongwu Movement,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment.2014,3 6 36(4):411-415.
[18]刘家铎,王峻,王易斌,冯明石,刘欢.塔里木盆地喀什北地区白垩系层序岩相古地理特征[J].地球科学与环境学报,2013,35(1):1-14.Liu Jiaduo,Wang Jun,Wang Yibin,Feng Mingshi,Liu Huan.Sequence-Iithology Palaeogeography charatertstic of cretaceous in northern Kashi Area of Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2013,35(01):1-14.
[19]白晓佳,康永尚,李培俊,曾军,王建,齐雪峰,等.准噶尔盆地北三台凸起西斜坡白垩系高频层序地层与油气成藏模式[J].地球科学与环境学报,2012,34(2):41-48.Bai Xiaojia,Kang Yongshang,Li Peijun,Zeng Jun,Wang Jian,Qi Xuefeng,et al.High-frequency sequence stratigraphy and hydrocarbon accumulation model of cretaceous in western slope of Beisantai Uplift,Junggar Basin[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2012,34(2):41-48.
[20]唐武,王英民,袁文芳,孙希家,郑贵春,仲米虹.桑塔木地区三叠系层序地层特征及有利区带预测[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2013,28(2):1-10.Tang Wu,Wang Yingmin,Yuan Wenfang,Sun Xijia,Zheng Guichun,Zhong Mihong.Sequence stratigraphic characteristics and favorable hydrocarbon accumulation prediction of Triassic in Sangtamu Area[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2013,28(2):1-10.
[21]罗进雄,何幼斌.中-上扬子地区二叠系眼球状石灰岩特征及成因研究[J].地质论评,2010,56(5):629-637.Luo Jinxiong,He Youbin.Origin and characteristics of permian eyeball-shaped limestones in Middle-Upper Yangtze Region[J].Geological Review,2010,56(5):629-637.
[22]黄籍中.四川盆地阳新灰岩生油气问题探讨[J].石油学报,1984,5(1):9-18.Huang Jizhong.On the occurrence of oil and gas in the Yangxin limestone series in Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1984,5(1),9-18.
[2]胡明毅,胡忠贵,魏国齐,杨威,刘满仓.四川盆地茅口组层序岩相古地理特征及储集层预测[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(1):45-55.Hu Mingyi,Hu Zhonggui,Wei Guoqi,Yang Wei,Liu Mancang.Sequence lithofacies paleogeography and reservoir prediction of the Maokou Formation in Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(1):45-55.
[3]张运波.四川盆地中二叠统层序地层及沉积模式[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2011.Zhang Yunbo.Sequence stratigraphy and depositional models of the Middle Permian in Sichuan Basin[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2011.
[4]陈洪德,覃建雄,王成善,寿建峰,李祥辉.中国南方二叠纪层序岩相古地理特征及演化[J].沉积学报,1999,17(4):510-521.Chen Hongde,Qin Jianxiong,Wang Chengshan,Shou Jianfeng,Li Xianghui.Sequence-based lithofacies and paleogeographic characteristics and evolution of Permian in South China[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1999,17(4):510-521.
[5]李凤杰,陈荣林.四川盆地东北地区中-下二叠统层序地层特征研究[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(5):472-477.Li Fengjie,Chen Ronglin.Study on the Middle-Lower Permian sequence stratigraphy in northeastern area,the Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2008,30(5):472-477.
[6]刘雁婷,张文军,熊治富,赵永庆,季春辉.四川盆地东北部中二叠统层序地层特征[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2014,34(2):47-53.Liu Yanting,Zhang Wenjun,Xiong Zhifu,Zhao Yongqing,Ji Chunhui.Sequence stratigraphy of the Middle Permian strata in northeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2014,34(2);47-53.
[7]四川油气区石油地质志编写组.中国石油地质志(卷十四川油气区)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology on Oil&Gas Zones in Sichuan Basin.Petroleum Geology of China(vol.10)[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1996.
[8]江青春,胡素云,汪泽成,池英柳,杨雨,鲁卫华,等.四川盆地茅口组风化壳岩溶古地貌及勘探选区[J].石油学报,2012,33(6):949-960.Jiang Qinchun,Hu Suyun,Wang Zecheng,Chi Yingliu,Yang Yu,Lu Weihua,et al.Paleokarst landform of the weathering crust of Middle Permian Maokou Formation in Sichuan Basin and selection of exploration regions[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(6):949-960.
[9]何斌,徐义刚,王雅玫,肖龙.东吴运动性质的厘定及其时空演变规律[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2005,30(1):89-96.He Bin,Xu Yigang,Wang Yamei,Xiao Long.Nature of the Dongwu Movement and its temporal and spatial evolution[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2005,30(1):89-96.
[10]何斌,徐义刚,肖龙,王康明,沙绍礼.峨眉山大火成岩省的形成机制及空间展布:来自沉积地层学研究的新证据[J].地质学报,2003,77(2):194-202.He Bin,Xu Yigang,Xiao Long,Wang Kangming,Sha Shaoli.Generation and spatial distribution of the Emeishan large igneous province:New evidence from stratigraphic records[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2003,77(2):194-202.
[11]Nio SD,Brouwer J,Smith D,Jonh M,Bhm A.Spectral trend attribute analysis:Applications in the stratigraphic analysis of wireline logs[J].First Break,2005,23(4):71-75.
[12]张红贞.塔河4区奥陶系碳酸盐岩地层对比及有利储层预测[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2011.Zhang Hongzhen.Carbonate stratigraphic correlation and favorable reservoir prediction of Ordovician in Tahe District]V[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2011.
[13]张红贞.测井频谱分析技术在碎屑岩层序地层分析中的应用研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2005.Zhang Hongzhen.The research of applications of spectral analysis technique of wireline logs in the siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy analyse[D].Qingdao:China Ocean University,2005.
[14]路顺行,张红贞,孟恩,孙效功.运用INPEFA技术开展层序地层研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(6):703-708.Lu Shunxing,Zhang Hongzhen,Meng En,Sun Xiaogong.Application of INPEFA technique to carry out sequence-stratigraphic study[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(6):703-708.
[15]刘洛夫,徐敬领,高鹏,邹长春,王远征,徐新宇.综合预测误差滤波分析方法在地层划分及等时对比中的应用FJ].石油天然气地质,2013,34(4):564-572.Liu Luofu,Xu Jingling,Gao Peng,Zou Changchun,Wang Yuanzheng,Xu Xinyu.Application of comprehensive predication error filter analysis to stratigraphic division and isochronous correlation[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2013,34(4):564-572.
[16]安作相.泸州古隆起与川南油气[J].石油实验地质,1996,18(3):267-273.An Zuoxiang.The Luzhou paleohigh and oil/gas accumulation in southern Sichuan[J].Experimental Petroleum Geology,1996,18(3):267-273.
[17]姜自然,陆正元,吕宗刚,杨坚.四川盆地东吴期泸州古隆起与茅口组碳酸盐岩缝洞储层分布[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(4):411-415.Jiang Ziran,Lu Zhengyuan,Lii Zonggang,Yang Jian.Distribution of carbonate fractured and vuggy reservoirs of Maokou Formation in Luzhou paleo-uplift during Dongwu Movement,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment.2014,3 6 36(4):411-415.
[18]刘家铎,王峻,王易斌,冯明石,刘欢.塔里木盆地喀什北地区白垩系层序岩相古地理特征[J].地球科学与环境学报,2013,35(1):1-14.Liu Jiaduo,Wang Jun,Wang Yibin,Feng Mingshi,Liu Huan.Sequence-Iithology Palaeogeography charatertstic of cretaceous in northern Kashi Area of Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2013,35(01):1-14.
[19]白晓佳,康永尚,李培俊,曾军,王建,齐雪峰,等.准噶尔盆地北三台凸起西斜坡白垩系高频层序地层与油气成藏模式[J].地球科学与环境学报,2012,34(2):41-48.Bai Xiaojia,Kang Yongshang,Li Peijun,Zeng Jun,Wang Jian,Qi Xuefeng,et al.High-frequency sequence stratigraphy and hydrocarbon accumulation model of cretaceous in western slope of Beisantai Uplift,Junggar Basin[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2012,34(2):41-48.
[20]唐武,王英民,袁文芳,孙希家,郑贵春,仲米虹.桑塔木地区三叠系层序地层特征及有利区带预测[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2013,28(2):1-10.Tang Wu,Wang Yingmin,Yuan Wenfang,Sun Xijia,Zheng Guichun,Zhong Mihong.Sequence stratigraphic characteristics and favorable hydrocarbon accumulation prediction of Triassic in Sangtamu Area[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2013,28(2):1-10.
[21]罗进雄,何幼斌.中-上扬子地区二叠系眼球状石灰岩特征及成因研究[J].地质论评,2010,56(5):629-637.Luo Jinxiong,He Youbin.Origin and characteristics of permian eyeball-shaped limestones in Middle-Upper Yangtze Region[J].Geological Review,2010,56(5):629-637.
[22]黄籍中.四川盆地阳新灰岩生油气问题探讨[J].石油学报,1984,5(1):9-18.Huang Jizhong.On the occurrence of oil and gas in the Yangxin limestone series in Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1984,5(1),9-18.
目录