摘要
以环境空间差异视角分析了页岩气资源开发对环境影响的长期性、隐蔽性、潜伏性和区域性等特定属性,并结合我国页岩气资源分布区域的不同有利区位置、自然环境和人文环境等环境特征,提出了选择环境政策时应考虑的空间差异性、预见性、层次性和强弱性等准则。并建议页岩气资源开发中的水资源环境政策实行空间区域管控,水资源丰富地区以监控为主,水资源短缺地区则采用禁用政策,并配以水资源取用政企合作审批机制;地下水保护和污染控制应以预防政策为主,并设置严格防护标准、技术规范及钻探地点选址的规定;大气环境保护政策应实行空气许可证式管理、气体排放源式管理,同时配套技术调控政策和操作规范措施等;周边生态保护应通过技术法规及各方合作政策来减少对周围地表扰动、植被破坏和野生物种及社区的影响。
On the basis of environment space differences, this paper analyzes the environmental impact of shale gas resource development from the aspects of long-term, concealment, latent and regional attributes. Combined with the consideration of favorable location, natural environment and humane environment in China's shale gas resources distribution regions, it summarizes the environmental policy selection criteria, including the space diversity, predictive feature, level and strength. Therefore, referring to the water resource policy of the shale gas development, the paper suggests that space area control should be conducted, water-rich resource area is given priority to monitoring, water shortage area should be prohibited from the use of water resources in the exploitation of shale gas, and the government and the enterprise cooperative approval mechanism on water resources use should be executed. Groundwater protection and pollution control should focus on prevention policy, and set up strict protection standards, technical specifications and the regulations on the drilling site selection. Atmospheric environmental protection policies should be subject to air license management and the gas emission source management. At the same time, the supporting technology regulation, operation regulation, and the like should also be established. Surrounding ecological protection should be carried out by adopting the technical regulations and all parties' cooperation policy, so as to reduce the disturbance on the surrounding surface, and the influence on the vegetation, the wild species and the community.