Breastfeeding and Behavioral Development: A Nationwide Longitudinal Survey in Japan

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• 作者：Takashi Yorifuji ; MD ; PhD¹ ; ^{yorichan@md.okayama-u.ac.jp" class="auth_mail} ; Toshihide Kubo ; MD ; PhD² ; Michiyo Yamakawa ; PhD¹ ; Tsuguhiko Kato ; PhD³ ; Sachiko Inoue ; MMS⁴ ; ⁵ ; Akiko Tokinobu ; MMS¹ ; ⁴ ; Hiroyuki Doi ; MD ; PhD⁴
• 关键词：MHLW ; Japanese Ministry of Health ; Labour ; and Welfare ; RCT ; Randomized control trial
• 刊名：The Journal of Pediatrics
• 出版年：May, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：164
• 期：5
• 页码：1019-1025.e3
• 全文大小：241 K

文摘

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Objective

To prospectively examine the prolonged effect of breastfeeding on behavioral development.

Study design

We used a large, nationwide Japanese population-based longitudinal survey that began in 2001. We restricted participants to term singletons with birth weight >2500聽g (n聽=聽41鈥?88). Infant feeding practice was queried at age 6-7聽months. Responses to survey questions about age-appropriate behaviors at age 2.5 and 5.5聽years were used as indicators of behavioral development. We conducted logistic regression analyses, controlling for potential child and parental confounding factors, with formula feeding as the reference group.

Results

We observed a dose-response relationship between breastfeeding status and an inability to perform age-appropriate behaviors at both ages. With a single exception, all ORs for outcomes for exclusive breastfeeding were smaller than those for partial feeding of various durations. The protective associations did not change after adjustment for an extensive list of confounders or in the sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion

We observed prolonged protective effects of breastfeeding on developmental behavior skills surveyed at age 2.5 and 5.5聽years. Beneficial effects were most likely in children who were breastfed exclusively, but whether a biological ingredient in breast milk or extensive interactions through breastfeeding, or both, is beneficial is unclear.