An integrated transcriptomic and proteomic investigation of bile response mechanism was first performed conducted in L. salivarius by using strain LI01.
L. salivarius LI01 is a non-BSH-producing strain. Its bile resistance was is mainly based on a highly remodeled cell envelopes and reinforced bile efflux systems.
Bile-induced alterations in regulatory systems, cell surface, general stress response and central metabolism processes were observed and also to contributed to the bile resistance of LI01.
Bile-induced potential alterations of LI 01 such as the uptake of aromatic amino acids may be helpful forin liver protection.