Halofuginone (HF) increases the survival of suckling BALB/c mice infected with acute CVB3.
HF reduces the expression of Th17 cell markers (IL-17 and IL-23) and the number of CD4+ IL17+ cells.
Pro-inflammatory cytokines levels associated with myocarditis were reduced by HF in CVB3-treated suckling mice.
HF alleviates VMC via inhibition of TGF-β1-mediated NF-κB p65/TNF-α pathway.