Straining of polyelectrolyte-stabilized nanoscale zero valent iron particles during transport through granular porous media

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• 作者：Trishikhi Raychoudhury ; Nathalie Tufenkji ; Subhasis Ghoshal
• 关键词：Colloid transport ; Colloid deposition ; Nanoparticles ; Groundwater remediation
• 刊名：Water Research
• 出版年：1 March, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：50
• 期：Complete
• 页码：80-89
• 全文大小：629 K

文摘

In this study, the relevance of straining of nano-sized particles of zero valent iron coated with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-NZVI) during transport in model subsurface porous media is assessed. Although deposition of polyelectrolyte stabilized-NZVI on granular subsurface media due to physicochemical attachment processes has been reported previously, there is limited knowledge on the significance of the collector (sand) diameter on the deposition and spatial distribution of the retention of such nanoparticles. Experiments were conducted to assess the transport of CMC-NZVI in columns packed with four different-sized sands of mean diameter of 775聽渭m, 510聽渭m, 250聽渭m and 150聽渭m and at three different particle concentrations of 0.085聽g聽L^鈭?, 0.35聽g聽L^鈭? and 1.70聽g聽L^鈭?. CMC-NZVI effluent concentrations decreased with smaller sand diameters. High CMC-NZVI particle retention near the inlet, particularly for the finer sands was observed, even with a low ionic strength of 0.1聽mM for the electrolyte medium. These observations are consistent with particle retention in porous media due to straining and/or wedging. Two colloid transport models, one considering particle retention by physicochemical deposition and detachment of those deposited particles, and the other considering particle retention by straining along with particle deposition and detachment, were fitted to the experimental data. The model accounting for straining shows a better fit, especially to the CMC-NZVI retention data along the length of the column. The straining rate coefficients decreased with larger sand diameters. This study demonstrates that CMC-NZVI particles, despite of their small size (hydrodynamic diameters of 167-185聽nm and transmission electron microscopy imaged diameters of approximately 85聽nm), may be removed by straining during transport, especially through fine granular subsurface media. The tailing effect, observed in the particle breakthrough curves, is attributed to detachment of deposited particles.