Effects of variable retention harvesting on natural tree regeneration in Pinus resinosa (red pine) forests
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文摘
Pinus resinosa regeneration was limited regardless of retention pattern. Browse, disease and seedbed conditions likely limited P. resinosa regeneration. A recalcitrant shrub layer filtered regeneration response to retention pattern. Artifacts of altered disturbance regimes need to be considered in planning VRH.

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