Seasonal and Spatial Variations in Human Cell Mutagenicity of Respirable Airborne Particles in the Northeastern United States
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- 作者：Daniel U. Pedersen ; John L. Durant ; Bruce W. Penman ; Charles L. Crespi ; Harold F. Hemond ; Arthur L. Lafleur ; and Glen R. Cass
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：1999
- 出版时间：December 15, 1999
- 年：1999
- 卷：33
- 期：24
- 页码：4407 - 4415
- 全文大小：338K
- 年卷期：v.33,no.24(December 15, 1999)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
Samples of respirable airborne particles (similar in size toPM2.5) were collected at five sites in the northeasternUnited States every sixth day during 1995 and tested in amutagenicity assay based on human cells. Three siteswere located in Massachusetts: in downtown Boston, ina suburban area 20 km to the north, and in a rural area 100km west of Boston. The other two sites were located indowntown Rochester in upstate New York and in a rural area35 km to the west. Bimonthly composite samples (10-11sampling days per composite) were extracted in organicsolvents and tested for mutagenicity at the thymidinekinase locus in h1A1v2 cells, a line of human B-lymphoblaststhat constitutively expresses P450 CYP1A1 cDNA.Mutagenicity levels were significantly higher in winterthan in summer at all sites, both per microgram of airborneparticulate organic carbon (OC) and per cubic meter ofair. Mutagenicity per microgram of OC was significantlyinversely correlated with air temperature (r = -0.95 in NY,r = -0.40 in MA) and ambient concentrations of OC (r= -0.4). Annual averages of mutagenicity per microgramof OC in upstate New York were roughly 2-fold higherthan in Massachusetts; however, no clear intrastate spatialvariations were evident. Mutagenicity per cubic meter ofair showed an increase of roughly 1.5-2-fold from rural areasto urban centers within each state. This increase wasinfluenced by higher OC concentrations in the urban locations(up to 2-fold) but not by higher mutagenicity per microgramof OC. These results indicate that cold weather issignificantly correlated with the human cell mutagenicityof respirable particles in the northeastern United States andfurther show that populations of urban centers in thisregion are exposed to higher levels of airborne human cellmutagens than in nearby rural areas.