Cross-Contamination of Residual Emerging Contaminants and Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Lettuce Crops and Soil Irrigated with Wastewater Treated by Sunlight/H2O2
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- 作者：Giovanna Ferro ; Mar铆a I. Polo-L贸pez ; Ana B. Mart铆nez-Piernas ; Pilar Fern谩ndez-Ib谩帽ez ; Ana Ag眉era ; Luigi Rizzo
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：2015
- 出版时间：September 15, 2015
- 年：2015
- 卷：49
- 期：18
- 页码：11096-11104
- 全文大小：384K
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
The sunlight/H2O2 process has recently been considered as a sustainable alternative option compared to other solar driven advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in advanced treatment of municipal wastewater (WW) to be reused for crop irrigation. Accordingly, in this study sunlight/H2O2 was used as disinfection/oxidation treatment for urban WW treatment plant effluent in a compound parabolic collector photoreactor to assess subsequent cross-contamination of lettuce and soil by contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) (determined by QuEChERS extraction and LC-QqLIT-MS/MS analysis) and antibiotic resistant (AR) bacteria after irrigation with treated WW. Three CECs (carbamazepine (CBZ), flumequine (FLU), and thiabendazole (TBZ) at 100 渭g L鈥?) and two AR bacterial strains (E. coli and E. faecalis, at 105 CFU mL鈥?) were spiked in real WW. A detection limit (DL) of 2 CFU mL鈥? was reached after 120 min of solar exposure for AR E. coli, while AR E. faecalis was more resistant to the disinfection process (240 min to reach DL). CBZ and TBZ were poorly removed after 90 min (12% and 50%, respectively) compared to FLU (94%). Lettuce was irrigated with treated WW for 5 weeks. CBZ and TBZ were accumulated in soil up to 472 ng g鈥? and 256 ng g鈥? and up-taken by lettuce up to 109 and 18 ng g鈥?, respectively, when 90 min treated WW was used for irrigation; whereas no bacteria contamination was observed when the bacterial density in treated WW was below the DL. A proper treatment time (>90 min) should be guaranteed in order to avoid the transfer of pathogens from disinfected WW to irrigated crops and soil.