文摘
We present an overview of the procedures and methods to prepare and evaluate materials for electrochemical cells in battery research in our laboratory, including cell fabrication, two- and three-electrode cell studies, and methodology for evaluating diffusion coefficients and impedance measurements. Informative characterization techniques employed to assess new materials for batteries are also described, including operando XRD, pair-distribution function analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Examples of insightful information that each technique has provided in the research areas of Li-S, Na-ion, and Mg batteries are presented along with excellent references for detailed descriptions of the theory, experimental procedures, and various designs, as well as methods for data processing and analysis.