Reactions to cadmium stress in a cadmium-tolerant variety of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.): is cadmium tolerance necessarily desirable in food crops?
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- 作者：Neel Jinadasa ; Damian Collins ; Paul Holford…
- 关键词：Heavy metal toxicity ; Mineral nutrition ; Photosynthesis ; Phytochelatins
- 刊名：Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：March 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：23
- 期：6
- 页码：5296-5306
- 全文大小：598 KB
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Damian Collins (2)
Paul Holford (1)
Paul J. Milham (1) (3)
Jann P. Conroy (3)
1. Western Sydney University, School of Science and Health, LB 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2752, Australia
2. New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Institute, PO Box 20, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia
3. Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, LB 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2752, Australia - 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
- 刊物主题：Environment
Environment
Atmospheric Protection, Air Quality Control and Air Pollution
Waste Water Technology, Water Pollution Control, Water Management and Aquatic Pollution
Industrial Pollution Prevention - 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
- ISSN：1614-7499
文摘
Cadmium is a cumulative, chronic toxicant in humans for which the main exposure pathway is via plant foods. Cadmium-tolerant plants may be used to create healthier food products, provided that the tolerance is associated with the exclusion of Cd from the edible portion of the plant. An earlier study identified the cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) variety, Pluto, as relatively Cd tolerant. We exposed the roots of intact, 4-week-old seedlings of Pluto to Cd (control ∼1 mg L−1 treatment 500 μg L−1) for 4 weeks in flowing nutrient solutions and observed plant responses. Exposure began when leaf 3 started to emerge, plants were harvested after 4 weeks of Cd exposure and the high Cd treatment affected all measured parameters. The elongation rate of leaves 4–8, but not the duration of elongation was reduced; consequently, individual leaf area was also reduced (P < 0.001) and total leaf area and dry weight were approximately halved. A/C i curves immediately before harvest showed that Cd depressed the photosynthetic capacity of the last fully expanded leaf (leaf 5). Despite such large impairments of the source and sink capacities, specific leaf weight and the partitioning of photosynthate between roots, stems and leaves were unaffected (P > 0.1). Phytochelatins (PCs) and glutathione (GSH) were present in the roots even at the lowest Cd concentration in the nutrient medium, i.e. ∼1 μg Cd L−1, which would not be considered contaminated if it were a soil solution. The Cd concentration in these roots was unexpectedly high (5 mg kg−1 DW) and the molar ratio of –SH (in PCs plus GSH) to Cd was large (>100:1). In these control plants, the Cd concentration in the leaves was 1.1 mg kg−1 DW, and PCs were undetectable. For the high Cd treatment, the concentration of Cd in roots exceeded 680 mg kg−1 DW and the molar –SH to Cd ratio fell to ∼1.5:1. For these plants, Cd flooded into the leaves (107 mg kg−1 DW) where it probably induced synthesis of PCs, and the molar –SH to Cd ratio was ∼3:1. Nonetheless, this was insufficient to sequester all the Cd, as evidenced by the toxic effects on photosynthesis and growth noted above. Lastly, Cd accumulation in the leaves was associated with lowered concentrations of some trace elements, such as Zn, a combination of traits that is highly undesirable in food plants.