Crosstalk Among Disrupted Glutamatergic and Cholinergic Homeostasis and Inflammatory Response in Mechanisms Elicited by Proline in Astrocytes
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- 作者：Samanta Oliveira Loureiro ; Daniele Susana Volkart Sidegum…
- 关键词：Proline ; Astrocyte ; Glutamate ; Inflammation ; Cholinergic system ; Acetylcholine ; Acetylcholinesterase ; Cytokine mediators ; TNF ; α ; IL ; 1β ; IL ; 6 ; Excitotoxicity ; Glutamine synthetase
- 刊名：Molecular Neurobiology
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：March 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：53
- 期：2
- 页码：1065-1079
- 全文大小：757 KB
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Daniele Susana Volkart Sidegum (1)
Helena Biasibetti (1)
Mery Stefani Leivas Pereira (1)
Diogo Losch de Oliveira (1)
Regina Pessoa-Pureur (1)
Angela T. S. Wyse (1)
1. Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil - 刊物主题：Neurosciences; Neurobiology; Cell Biology; Neurology;
- 出版者：Springer US
- ISSN：1559-1182
文摘
Hyperprolinemias are inherited disorder of proline (Pro) metabolism. Patients affected may present neurological manifestations, but the mechanisms of neural excitotoxicity elicited by hyperprolinemia are far from being understood. Considering that the astrocytes are important players in neurological disorders, the aim of the present work was to study the effects 1 mM Pro on glutamatergic and inflammatory parameters in cultured astrocytes from cerebral cortex of rats, exploring some molecular mechanisms underlying the disrupted homeostasis of astrocytes exposed to this toxic Pro concentration. We showed that cortical astrocytes of rats exposed to 1 mM Pro presented significantly elevated extracellular glutamate and glutamine levels, suggesting glutamate excitotoxicity. The excess of glutamate elicited by Pro together with increased glutamate uptake and upregulated glutamine synthetase (GS) activity supported misregulated glutamate homeostasis in astrocytic cells. High Pro levels also induced production/release of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. We also evidenced misregulation of cholinergic anti-inflammatory system with increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and decreased acetylcholine (ACh) levels, contributing to the inflammatory status in Pro-treated astrocytes. Our findings highlighted a crosstalk among disrupted glutamate homeostasis, cholinergic mechanisms, and inflammatory cytokines, since ionotropic (DL-AP5 and CNQX) and metabotropic (MCPG and MPEP) glutamate antagonists were able to restore the extracellular glutamate and glutamine levels; downregulate TNFα and IL6 production/release, modulate GS and AChE activities; and restore ACh levels. Otherwise, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs nimesulide, acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, and diclofenac sodium decreased the extracellular glutamate and glutamine levels, downregulated GS and AChE activities, and restored ACh levels in Pro-treated astrocytes. Altogether, our results evidence that the vulnerability of metabolic homeostasis in cortical astrocytes might have important implications in the neurotoxicity of Pro. Keywords Proline Astrocyte Glutamate Inflammation Cholinergic system Acetylcholine Acetylcholinesterase Cytokine mediators TNF-α IL-1β IL-6 Excitotoxicity Glutamine synthetase