Preschool Neuropsychological Measures as Predictors of Later Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

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• 作者：Rosanna P. Breaux ; Shayl F. Griffith…
• 关键词：Neuropsychological assessment ; Executive function ; Preschoolers ; ADHD ; Oppositional defiant disorder
• 刊名：Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：November 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：44
• 期：8
• 页码：1455-1471
• 全文大小：504 KB
• 刊物类别：Behavioral Science
• 刊物主题：Psychology
  Child and School Psychology
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-2835
• 卷排序：44

文摘

The present study examined preschool neuropsychological measures as predictors of school-age attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Participants included 168 children (91 males) who completed neuropsychological measures at ages 3 and 4, and who were evaluated for ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder at age 6. The Conners’ Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT), NEPSY Statue subtest, and a delay aversion task significantly distinguished at-risk children who later did and did not meet criteria for ADHD, with poor to fair overall predictive power, specificity, and sensitivity. However, only the K-CPT ADHD Confidence Index and battery added incremental predictive validity beyond early ADHD symptoms. This battery approach, which required impairment on at least 2 of the 3 significant measures, yielded fair overall predictive power, specificity, and sensitivity, and correctly classified 67 % of children. In addition, there was some support for the specificity hypothesis, with evidence that cool executive function measures (K-CPT and Statue subtest) tended to predict inattentive symptoms. These findings suggest that neuropsychological deficits are evident by preschool-age in children with ADHD, but neuropsychological tests may still misclassify approximately one-third of children if used alone. Thus, neuropsychological measures may be a useful component of early ADHD assessments, but should be used with caution and in combination with other assessment methods.