Behavior of Suspended Sediment in the Changjiang Estuary in Response to Reduction in River Sediment Supply

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Wenwu Zhu ; Jiufa Li ; Lawrence P. Sanford
• 关键词：Suspended sediment聽concentration ; Sediment resuspension ; River sediment reduction ; Three Gorges Dam ; Changjiang estuary
• 刊名：Estuaries and Coasts
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：November 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：38
• 期：6
• 页码：2185-2197
• 全文大小：1,534 KB
• 参考文献：Baumann Jr., R.H., J.W. Day, and C.A. Miller. 1984. Mississippi deltaic wetland survival: sedimentation versus coastal submergence. Science 224: 1093鈥?095.CrossRef
  Carriquiry, J.D., A. S谩nchez-Arcilla, and V.F. Camacho-Ibar. 2001. Sedimentation in the northern Gulf of California after cessation of the Colorado River discharge. Sedimentary Geology 144(1鈥?): 37鈥?2.CrossRef
  Chen, J., C. Yun, H. Xu, and Y. Dong. 1979. The developmental model of the Changjiang River estuary during last 2000 years. Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1(1): 103鈥?11 (in Chinese with an English abstract).
  Chen, J., and H. Xu. 1981. Developmental processes of South Branch channel of Yangtze Estuary. Journal of East China聽Normal University (Natural Science Edition) 2: 93鈥?08 (in Chinese with an English abstract).
  Chen, J., H. Zhu, Y. Dong, and J. Sun. 1985. Development of the Changjiang estuary and its submerged delta. Continental Shelf Research 4(1鈥?): 47鈥?6.
  Chen, J., D. Pan, F. Su, and H. Xu. 1988. Channel evolution in the North Channel of the Changjiang estuary. In Processes of dynamics and geomorphology of the Changjiang (Yangtze) estuary, eds. J. Chen, H. Shen, and C. Yun, 1鈥?1. China: Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publisher.
  Chen, J., and S. Chen. 2002. Estuarine and coastal challenges in China. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 20(2): 174鈥?81.CrossRef
  Chen, S., G. Zhang, S. Yang, and Z. Yu. 2004. Temporal and spatial changes of suspended sediment concentration and resuspension in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent waters. Acta Geographica Sinica 2004(2): 260鈥?66 (in Chinese with an English abstract).
  Coleman, J.M., H.H. Roberts, and G.W. Stone. 1998. Mississippi River delta: an overview. Journal of Coastal Research 14(3): 698鈥?16.
  Dai, Z., A. Chu, W. Li, J. Li, and H. Wu. 2013. Has suspended sediment concentration near the mouth bar of the Yangtze (Changjiang) Estuary been declining in recent years? Journal of Coastal Research 29(4): 809鈥?18.CrossRef
  Fanos, A.M. 1995. The impact of human activities on the erosion and accretion of the Nile delta coast. Journal of Coastal Research 11(3): 821鈥?33.
  Hirsch, R.M., J.R. Slack, and R.A. Smith. 1982. Techniques of trend analysis for monthly water quality data. Water Resources Research 18(1): 107鈥?21.CrossRef
  Jay, D.A., and C.A. Simenstad. 1996. Downstream effects of water withdrawal in a small, high-gradient basin: erosion and deposition on the Skokomish River delta. Estuaries 19(3): 501517.CrossRef
  Kong, Y., S. He, P. Ding, and K. Hu. 2004. Characteristics of temporal and spatial variation of salinity and their indicating significance in the Changjiang Estuary. Acta Oceanologica Sinica 26(4): 9鈥?8 (in Chinese with an English abstract).
  Li, P., S. Yang, J.D. Milliman, K. Xu, W. Qin, C. Wu, Y. Chen, and B. Shi. 2012. Spatial, temporal, and human-induced variations in suspended sediment concentration in the surface waters of the Yangtze estuary and adjacent coastal areas. Estuaries and Coasts 35: 1316鈥?327.CrossRef
  Mao, Z., X. Wu, C. Zhao, and J. Guo. 2008. Evolution of the upper reach of the mouth bar in the North Channel of the Changjiang Estuary. Journal of Sediment Research 2: 41鈥?6 (in Chinese with an English abstract).
  Martin, J.M., and M. Meybeck. 1979. Elemental mass-balance of material carried by world major rivers. Marine Chemistry 7: 173鈥?06.CrossRef
  Meade, R.H., and R.S. Parker. 1985. Sediment in rivers of the United States. National water summary, 1984. US Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2275: 49鈥?0.
  Milliman, J.D., H. Shen, Z. Yang, and R.H. Meade. 1985. Transport and deposition of river sediment in the Changjiang estuary and adjacent continental shelf. Continental Shelf Research 4: 37鈥?5.CrossRef
  Ministry of Water Resources of the People鈥檚 Republic of China. 2011. Bulletin of China river sediment 2011, 1鈥?. Beijing: China Water & Power Press.
  National Bureau of Statistics of the People鈥檚 Republic of China. 2007. China statistical yearbook 2007. Beijing: China Statistics Press.
  Niu, X., J. Xu, and Y. Li. 2005. Preliminary analysis for influence of flow and sediment variation on underwater bar growth in the estuary of the Yangtze River. Yangtze River 36(8): 31鈥?3 (in Chinese with an English abstract).
  Nowell, A.R.M. 1983. The benthic boundary layer and sediment transport. Reviews of Geophysics 21(5): 1181鈥?192.CrossRef
  Ridderinkhof, H., V.D.R. Ham, and V.D.W. Lee. 2000. Temporal variations in concentration and transport of suspended sediments in a channel-flat system in the Ems-Dollard estuary. Continental Shelf Research 20: 1479鈥?493.CrossRef
  Rouse, H. 1937. Modern conceptions of the mechanics of fluid turbulence. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers 102: 463鈥?41.
  S谩nchez-Arcilla, A., J.A. Jim茅nez, and H.I. Valdemoro. 1998. The Ebro Delta: morphodynamics and vulnerability. Journal of Coastal Research 14(3): 754鈥?72.
  Sanford, L.P., W. Panageotou, and J.P. Halka. 1991. Tidal resuspension of sediments in northern Chesapeake Bay. Marine Geology 97(1鈥?): 87鈥?03.CrossRef
  Sanford, L.P. 2008. Modeling a dynamically varying mixed sediment bed with erosion, deposition, bioturbation, consolidation, and armoring. Computers & Geosciences 34(10): 1263鈥?283.CrossRef
  Schoellhamer, D.H. 2011. Sudden clearing of estuarine waters upon crossing the threshold from transport to supply regulation of sediment transport as an erodible sediment pool is depleted: San Francisco Bay, 1999. Estuaries and Coasts 34: 885鈥?99.CrossRef
  Schoellhamer, D.H., S.A. Wright, and J.Z. Drexler. 2013. Adjustment of the San Francisco estuary and watershed to decreasing sediment supply in the 20th century. Marine Geology 345: 63鈥?1.CrossRef
  Shen, H., C. Zhang, and Z. Mao. 2000. Patterns of variations in the water and sediment fluxes from the Changjiang River to the estuary. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica 31(3): 289鈥?94 (in Chinese with an English abstract).
  Stanley, D.J., and A.G. Warne. 1998. Nile delta in its destruction phase. Journal of Coastal Research 14(3): 794鈥?25.
  Syvitski, J.P.M., S.D. Peckham, H. Hilberman, and T. Mulder. 2003. Predicting the terrestrial flux of sediment to the global ocean: a planetary perspective. Sedimentary Geology 162: 5鈥?4.CrossRef
  Syvitski, J.P.M., C.J. V枚r枚smarty, A.J. Kettner, and P. Green. 2005. Impact of humans on the flux of terrestrial sediment to the global coastal ocean. Science 308(5720): 376鈥?80.CrossRef
  V枚r枚smarty, C.J., M. Meybeck, B. Fekete, and K. Sharma. 1997. The potential impact of neo-Castorization on sediment transport by the global network of rivers. In Human impact on erosion and sedimentation, eds. D.E. Walling and J.L. Probst, 261鈥?73. Proceedings of the Rabat Symposium, IAHS Publication No. 245. Wallingford: IAHS Press.
  Walling, D.E., and D. Fang. 2003. Recent trends in the suspended sediment loads of the world鈥檚 rivers. Global and Planetary Change 39(1鈥?): 111鈥?26.CrossRef
  Wu, X.Y., Z.C. Mao, Z.Y. Yu, and C.Z. Liu. 2006. Channel processes of the North Channel of the Changjiang Estuary. Journal of Sediment Research 2: 46鈥?3 (in Chinese with an English abstract).
  Yan, L.H., S.L. Yang, P. Li, C.S. Wu, and X.J. Xu. 2010. The change of the amount of accretion/erosion of the South Channel at the Yangtze Estuary from 2000 to 2008: moreover demonstrate the strong accretion in Waigaoqiao new harbor. Marine Science Bulletin 29(4): 378鈥?84 (in Chinese with an English abstract).
  Yang, S.L., I.M. Belkin, A.I. Belkina, Q.Y. Zhao, J. Zhu, and P.X. Ding. 2003. Delta response to decline in sediment supply from the Yangtze River: evidence of the recent four decades and expectations for the next half-century. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 57: 689鈥?99.CrossRef
  Yang, S.L., J. Zhang, J. Zhu, J.P. Smith, S.B. Dai, A. Gao, and P. Li. 2005. Impact of dams on Yangtze River sediment supply to the sea and delta intertidal wetland response. Journal of Geophysical Research 110, F03006. doi:10.鈥?029/鈥?004JF000271 .
  Yang, S.L., J.D. Milliman, P. Li, and K. Xu. 2011. 50,000 dams later: erosion of the Yangtze River and its delta. Global and Planetary Change 75: 14鈥?0.CrossRef
  Yang, Z., H. Wang, Y. Saito, J.D. Milliman, K. Xu, S. Qiao, and G. Shi. 2006. Dam impacts on the Changjiang (Yangtze) River sediment discharge to the sea: the past 55 years and after the Three Gorges Dam. Water Resources Research 42, W04407. doi:10.鈥?029/鈥?005WR003970 .
  Yu, Z., and F. Lou. 2004. The evolvement characteristics of Nanhuizui foreland in the Changjiang Estuary, China. Acta Oceanologica Sinica 25(3): 47鈥?3 (in Chinese with an English abstract).
  Zhang, Z., M. Gao, and J. Liao. 2010. Comparing measurement of suspended sediment concentration at Xuliujing Hydrological station and its accuracy evaluation. Yangtze River 41(6): 48鈥?2 (in Chinese with an English abstract).
  
• 作者单位：Wenwu Zhu (1) (2)
  Jiufa Li (1)
  Lawrence P. Sanford (2)
  
  1. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
  2. Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD, 21613, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Environment
  Ecology
  Geosciences
  Environmental Management
  Nature Conservation
  
• 出版者：Springer New York
• ISSN：1559-2731

文摘

The Changjiang river sediment supply has decreased dramatically since 2003 when the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) began operation. Annually repeated cruises were conducted in the Changjiang estuary between 2002 and 2011 to examine the behavior of suspended sediment in response to the reduction in river sediment supply. Changes in the Changjiang estuary were not as clear as in the river and showed spatial and temporal variations. Generally, the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in different channels showed different change characteristics. In the South Branch, furthest upstream, SSC showed no obvious changes for several years after the TGD started to operate in 2003 but then has been decreasing since 2009. In the South Channel, further downstream, SSC showed no obvious responses to the reduction of river sediment supply as of 2011. In the North Channel, SSC seems to have been decreasing slightly in recent years, though not as obviously as in the South Branch. Tidal resuspension contributed to temporal variability in SSC significantly and increased relatively at all stations. Vertical variations in particle size and texture in the South Branch in 2011 indicated very active exchange between the bed and the water column throughout a tidal cycle. The primary response of suspended sediment in the upper Changjiang estuary to the closing of the TGD in 2003 seems to be a lagged decrease in the fine fraction of suspended sediment. This conclusion is supported by multiple lines of evidence. Bulk settling velocities increased, riverine SSC and background SSC at slack tides decreased, and resuspension and deposition lags of SSC relative to current speed decreased. This response was strongest in the South Branch, moderate in the North Channel, and not yet apparent in the South Channel, indicating that the changes are still ongoing. Keywords Suspended sediment concentration Sediment resuspension River sediment reduction Three Gorges Dam Changjiang estuary