2017年江西汛期设区市城区暴雨回波特征分析
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摘要
使用江西WebGIS雷达拼图和自动站雨量、雷电监测、强天气监测等数据,以及MICAPS常规天气图资料,对2017年3—7月江西汛期11个设区市26次城区暴雨过程的雷达回波特征进行分析。结果表明:2017年江西汛期共出现52日暴雨过程,其中江西11个设区市所在地城区出现26次暴雨。在这26次城区暴雨个例中,有23次伴随出现短时强降水,有3次降水比较均匀。暴雨维持时间长短不一,最长的有15 h,最短只有3 h,平均是10 h。有5次出现大风天气,21次没有大风出现。雷达回波特征主要有3种:块状(强单体、超级单体)、带状(飑线、回波带)、絮状(絮带、絮团)。这3种回波形态特征,出现率最高的是絮状回波,即比较宽、嵌有中等强度的对流单体絮带状回波带,强度40～55 dBz,出现16次,概率62%;其次是窄而长、紧密排列由强单体组成的飑线回波带,强度50～60 dBz,出现8次,概率30%;块状(强单体、超级单体)回波强度最强,中心强度达到60～70 dBz,出现2次,概率8%。
Using the data of Jiangxi WebGIS radar mosaic, automatic station rainfall, lightning monitoring, severe weather monitoring and MICAPS conventional weather map data, this paper analyzes the radar echo characteristics of 26 rainstorm processes in 11 districts and cities in Jiangxi during the flood season from March to July, 2017. The results show that there are 52 rainstorm processes in the flood season of Jiangxi in 2017, among which 26 rainstorm processes occur in the urban areas of 11 districts and cities. Twenty-three out of twenty-six rainstorm processes in urban area are accompanied by short-term strong precipitation and 3 were accompanied by relatively uniform precipitation. The rainstorm duration ovaries, with the longest lasting 15 hours and the shortest lasting 3 hours, averaging 10 hours. Strong wind occurred for five times. There are mainly three kinds of radar echo characteristics: blocky(strong monomer, super monomer), banded(squall line, echo band), flocculent(flocculent band, flocculent dough). The flocculent echo occurs most frequently among the three echo characteristics, The flocculent echo is a wide echo band embedded with convective monomer with moderate intensity of 40—55 dBz, appearing 16 times, with a probability of 62%. It is followed by a squall line echo band, which is narrow, long and closely arranged and composed of strong monomers, with an intensity ranging from 50 dBz to 60 dBz, appearing eight times with a probability of 30%. Blocky(strong monomer, super monomer) echo has the strongest intensity, with the center intensity reaching 60—70 dBz, appearing twice, with a probability of 8%.
Using the data of Jiangxi WebGIS radar mosaic, automatic station rainfall, lightning monitoring, severe weather monitoring and MICAPS conventional weather map data, this paper analyzes the radar echo characteristics of 26 rainstorm processes in 11 districts and cities in Jiangxi during the flood season from March to July, 2017. The results show that there are 52 rainstorm processes in the flood season of Jiangxi in 2017, among which 26 rainstorm processes occur in the urban areas of 11 districts and cities. Twenty-three out of twenty-six rainstorm processes in urban area are accompanied by short-term strong precipitation and 3 were accompanied by relatively uniform precipitation. The rainstorm duration ovaries, with the longest lasting 15 hours and the shortest lasting 3 hours, averaging 10 hours. Strong wind occurred for five times. There are mainly three kinds of radar echo characteristics: blocky(strong monomer, super monomer), banded(squall line, echo band), flocculent(flocculent band, flocculent dough). The flocculent echo occurs most frequently among the three echo characteristics, The flocculent echo is a wide echo band embedded with convective monomer with moderate intensity of 40—55 dBz, appearing 16 times, with a probability of 62%. It is followed by a squall line echo band, which is narrow, long and closely arranged and composed of strong monomers, with an intensity ranging from 50 dBz to 60 dBz, appearing eight times with a probability of 30%. Blocky(strong monomer, super monomer) echo has the strongest intensity, with the center intensity reaching 60—70 dBz, appearing twice, with a probability of 8%.
引文
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[13] 叶丽梅,周月华,向华,等.基于GIS淹没模型的城市道路内涝灾害风险区划研究.长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(6):1002-1008.YE Limei,ZHOU Yuehua,XIANG Hua,et al.Risk regionalization of urban roads waterlogging disasters based on GIS rainstorm flood inundation model.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin (in Chinese),2016,25(6):1002-1008.
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[15] 朱政,郑伯红,贺清云.城市暴雨灾害的影响程度及对策研究——以长沙市为例.自然灾害学报,2011,20(3):105-112.ZHU Zheng,ZHENG Bohong,HE Qingyun.Study on effect degree and countermeasures against urban rainstorm disasters:a case of Changsha City.Journal of Natural Disasters (in Chinese),2011,20(3):105-112.
[16] 马中元,苏俐敏,谌芸,等.一次强飑线及飑前中小尺度系统特征分析.气象,2014,40(8):916-929.MA Zhongyuan,SU Limin,CHEN Yun,et al.Characteristics of mesoscale and microscale systems during a severe squall line process.Meteorological Monthly (in Chinese),2014,40(8):916-929.
[2] 孙明生,李国旺,尹青,等.“7·21”北京特大暴雨成因分析(Ⅰ):天气特征、层结与水汽条件.暴雨灾害,2013,32(3):210-217.SUN Mingsheng,LI Guowang,YIN Qing,et al.Analysis on the cause of a torrential rain occurring in Beijing on 21 July 2012(Ⅰ):weather characteristics,stratification and water vapor conditions.Torrential Rain and Disasters (in Chinese),2013,32(3):210-217.
[3] 孔启亮,孙翠梅,李建国,等.梅汛期区域性暴雨的多尺度分析及临近预警.气象科学,2014,34(5):564-572.KONG Qiliang,SUN Cuimei,LI Jianguo,et al.Multi-scale analysis and nowcasting of a regional rainstorm during Meiyu period.Journal of the Meteorological Sciences (in Chinese),2014,34(5):564-572.
[4] 陈静,刘琳.2011年汛期北京城市暴雨特征及其灾害成因初步分析.暴雨灾害,2011,30(3):282-287.CHEN Jing,LIU Lin.Characteristics of urban rainstorm and its disaster cause over Beijing in flood season of 2011.Torrential Rain and Disasters (in Chinese),2011,30(3):282-287.
[5] 盛杰,张小雯,孙军,等.三种不同天气系统强降水过程中分钟雨量的对比分析.气象,2012,38(10):1161-1169.SHENG Jie,ZHANG Xiaowen,SUN Jun,et al.The comparative analysis of minute class rainfall on three different heavy rain processes.Meteorological Monthly (in Chinese),2012,38(10):1161-1169.
[6] 苏俐敏,马中元,钱焕荣,等.宜春单站短时强降水统计和分析.气象水文海洋仪器,2013,30(1):62-65.SU Limin,MA Zhongyuan,QIAN Huanrong,et al.Statistic and analysis on the data of short-time strong precipitation of single weather station in Yichun.Meteorological,Hydrological and Marine Instruments (in Chinese),2013,30(1):62-65.
[7] 苏俐敏,夏文梅,马中元,等.2012年江西宜春四类短时强降水特征分析.气象科学,2014,34(6):700-708.SU Limin,XIA Wenmei,MA Zhongyuan,et al.Characteristics of four types of short-term strong precipitation in Yichun of Jiangxi province in 2012.Journal of the Meteorological Sciences (in Chinese),2014,34(6):700-708.
[8] 陈靖,解以扬,东高红,等.雷达雨量计联合估算降水在城市内涝模型中的应用.气象科技,2015,43(5):866-873.CHEN Jing,XIE Yiyang,DONG Gaohong,et al.Application of radar-Raingauge quantitative precipitation estimation to urban torrential rain waterlogging.Meteorological Science and Technology (in Chinese),2015,43(5):866-873.
[9] 陈松,陈天锡,袁春风,等.驻马店市暴雨天气监测预警系统研究.气象与环境科学,2009,32(S1):224-227.CHEN Song,CHEN Tianxi,YUAN Chunfeng,et al.Study on the monitoring and early warning system of the rainstorm in Zhumadian.Meteorological and Environmental Sciences (in Chinese),2009,32(S1):224-227.
[10] 姜元军,来丽芳,李亚丹,等.基于GIS的城市内涝预警预报系统设计与实现.测绘与空间地理信息,2016,39(8):69-71.JIANG Yuanjun,LAI Lifang,LI Yadan,et al.Design and implementation of early warning and forecasting system for urban water logging based on GIS.Geomatics & Spatial Information Technology (in Chinese),2016,39(8):69-71.
[11] 解以扬,李大鸣,李培彦,等.城市暴雨内涝数学模型的研究与应用.水科学进展,2005,16(3):384-390.XIE Yiyang,LI Daming,LI Peiyan,et al.Research and application of the mathematical model for urban rainstorm water logging.Advances in Water Science (in Chinese),2005,16(3):384-390.
[12] 史军,穆海振,杨涵洧,等.上海中心城区暴雨内涝阈值研究.暴雨灾害,2016,35(4):344-350.SHI Jun,MU Haizhen,YANG Hanwei,et al.Study on the threshold of rainstorm waterlogging in the urban areas of Shanghai.Torrential Rain and Disasters (in Chinese),2016,35(4):344-350.
[13] 叶丽梅,周月华,向华,等.基于GIS淹没模型的城市道路内涝灾害风险区划研究.长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(6):1002-1008.YE Limei,ZHOU Yuehua,XIANG Hua,et al.Risk regionalization of urban roads waterlogging disasters based on GIS rainstorm flood inundation model.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin (in Chinese),2016,25(6):1002-1008.
[14] 周广胜,何奇瑾.城市内涝防治需充分预估气候变化的影响.生态学报,2016,36(16):4961-4964.ZHOU Guangsheng,HE Qijin.Urban waterlogging control needs to fully predict the impact of climate change.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(16):4961-4964.
[15] 朱政,郑伯红,贺清云.城市暴雨灾害的影响程度及对策研究——以长沙市为例.自然灾害学报,2011,20(3):105-112.ZHU Zheng,ZHENG Bohong,HE Qingyun.Study on effect degree and countermeasures against urban rainstorm disasters:a case of Changsha City.Journal of Natural Disasters (in Chinese),2011,20(3):105-112.
[16] 马中元,苏俐敏,谌芸,等.一次强飑线及飑前中小尺度系统特征分析.气象,2014,40(8):916-929.MA Zhongyuan,SU Limin,CHEN Yun,et al.Characteristics of mesoscale and microscale systems during a severe squall line process.Meteorological Monthly (in Chinese),2014,40(8):916-929.