不同季节出生的布氏田鼠繁殖发育模式分析
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摘要
布氏田鼠是我国内蒙古东部草原的主要害鼠之一,具有明显的季节性繁殖特征。本研究于2013年采集内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗草原繁殖盛期(6-7月)和末期(8月)的布氏田鼠,比较了种群组成和繁殖器官的季节特点。结果表明,从繁殖盛期到末期,越冬鼠比例呈现下降趋势,当年鼠比例逐渐上升。不同年龄、性别的布氏田鼠存在明显的繁殖状态上的差异:与当年出生个体相比,越冬鼠参与繁殖时间长,在整个繁殖期都参与繁殖,是繁殖期尤其是繁殖早期种群繁殖的主力;与雄鼠相比,当年出生雌鼠会更多参与繁殖,在6月中旬的繁殖盛期,当年生雌鼠的怀孕率达39%,而当年雄鼠未参与繁殖。这些结果表明,不同性别、不同时期出生的布氏田鼠采取了不同的繁殖策略,体现为各自在种群繁殖中的贡献不同,因此在分析其暴发成灾机制时应考虑种群中性别和年龄组成。
Brandt's vole(Lasiopodomys brandtii)is one of the main pest rodents with overt characteristics of seasonal breeding in eastern Inner Mongolia grassland.In present study,we compared the age structure and reproductive organ weight of Brandt's voles captured in peak(June to July)and end(August)period of breeding season from East Ujimqin Banner,Xilingol league area of Inner Mongolia.Our results showed that the ratio of overwinter voles was decreasing from June to August,while the ratio of newborn individuals was increasing.Reproductive status of Brandt's voles with different ages and genders showed significant differences.Compared with newborn individuals,overwinter voles keep the high reproductive activity around the whole breeding season especially in early breeding season.Compared with newborn males,more newborn females took part in reproduction and the ratio of pregnant newborn females was higher to39%in June,while development status of reproductive organs indicated no newborn males participated in reproduction at this stage.Those results suggest that Brandt's voles with different gender and birth time take different reproduction strategies,which give different contributions to population reproduction.Therefore,the gender and age structure of population should be important factors to be paid more attention during research of rodent outbreak mechanism.
Brandt's vole(Lasiopodomys brandtii)is one of the main pest rodents with overt characteristics of seasonal breeding in eastern Inner Mongolia grassland.In present study,we compared the age structure and reproductive organ weight of Brandt's voles captured in peak(June to July)and end(August)period of breeding season from East Ujimqin Banner,Xilingol league area of Inner Mongolia.Our results showed that the ratio of overwinter voles was decreasing from June to August,while the ratio of newborn individuals was increasing.Reproductive status of Brandt's voles with different ages and genders showed significant differences.Compared with newborn individuals,overwinter voles keep the high reproductive activity around the whole breeding season especially in early breeding season.Compared with newborn males,more newborn females took part in reproduction and the ratio of pregnant newborn females was higher to39%in June,while development status of reproductive organs indicated no newborn males participated in reproduction at this stage.Those results suggest that Brandt's voles with different gender and birth time take different reproduction strategies,which give different contributions to population reproduction.Therefore,the gender and age structure of population should be important factors to be paid more attention during research of rodent outbreak mechanism.
引文
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[7]Stevenson T J,Ball G F.Information theory and the neuropeptidergic regulation of seasonal reproduction in mammals and birds[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,2011,278(1717):2477-2485.
[8]齐银,王跃招.物种繁殖策略和交配对策的变异性[J].四川动物,2010,29(6):1002-1007.
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[14]张洁,钟文勤.布氏田鼠洞群内群体结构的研究[J].兽类学报,1981,1(1):51-56.
[15]施大钊,海淑珍,吕东,等.布氏田鼠洞群内社群结构变动与序位的研究[J].兽类学报,1999,19(1):48-55.
[16]Zhong W,Wang M,Wan X.Ecological management of Brandt’s vole(Microtus brandti)in Inner Mongolia,China[J].Ecologically-based Rodent Management.ACIAR Monograph,1999,59:119-214.
[17]王大伟,丛林,王宇,等.繁殖季节和非繁殖季节布氏田鼠种群参数和生理特点的差异[J].生态学报,2010(13):3562-3568.
[18]张学昌.雄性布氏田鼠Stra8、Scp3和Dmc1基因的克隆及其季节性表达分析[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2011.
[19]内蒙古锡林郭勒盟卫生防疫站.布氏田鼠的生态研究[J].动物学报,1975(1):30-39.
[20]罗泽珣,郝守身,梁志安,等.呼伦贝尔草原有关布氏田鼠防治方面的某些生物学研究[J].动物学报,1975,21(1):51-61.
[21]张洁,周庆强,钟文勤,等.布氏田鼠种群年龄的研究[J].动物学报,1978,24(4):344-357.
[22]张洁,钟文勤.布氏田鼠种群繁殖的研究[J].动物学报,1979,25(3):250-259.
[23]武晓东.用标志重捕法对布氏田鼠的分居,种群组成和生态寿命的研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),1988(1):12.
[24]殷宝法,魏万红,张堰铭,等.小型哺乳动物的繁殖投入与繁殖成功率[J].兽类学报,2003,23(3):259-265.
[25]宛新荣,钟文勤,刘伟,等.布氏田鼠的繁殖启动与繁殖适应对策[C]∥中国动物学会兽类学分会第六届会员代表大会暨学术讨论会论文摘要集,2004.
[26]Liu Xiaohui,Yue Lingfen,Wang Dawei,et al.Inbreeding avoidance drives consistent variation of fine-scale genetic structure caused by dispersal in the seasonal mating system of brandt’s voles[J].PLoS ONE,2013,8(3):e58101.
[27]张建军,施大钊.布氏田鼠雄性的优势地位[J].动物学杂志,2006,40(6):19-24.
[28]宛新荣,张新阶,刘伟,等.布氏田鼠标志种群的社群等级及其季节变化[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(3):359-362.
[29]Cant M A.Social control of reproduction in banded mongooses[J].Animal Behaviour,2000,59(1):147-158.
[30]Marchlewska-Koj A.Sociogenic stress and rodent reproduction[J].Neuroscience&Biobehavioral Reviews,1997,21(5):699-703.
[31]孙儒泳,张玉书,方喜叶.啮齿类繁殖生态研究中雄性繁殖强度的意义[J].动物学报,1977,23(2):187-199.
[32]齐晓光.秦岭川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana)的繁殖策略、社会组织与个体扩散迁移机制的研究[D].西安:西北大学,2008.
[33]刘力宽,刘季科.6-MBOA对植食性小哺乳类繁殖作用的研究进展[J].兽类学报,1998,18(1):60-67.
[34]Meek L R,Lee T M,Gallon J F.Interaction of maternal photoperiod history and food type on growth and reproductive development of laboratory meadow voles(Microtus pennsylvanicus)[J].Physiology&Behavior,1995,57(5):905-911.
[35]Solomon N G.Effect of the pre-weaning environment on subsequent reproduction in prairie voles,(Microtus ochrogaster)[J].Animal Behaviour,1994,48(2):331-341.
[36]Stetson M H,Elliott J A,Goldman B D.Maternal transfer of photoperiodic information influences the photoperiodic response of prepubertal Djungarian hamsters(Phodopus sungorus sungorus)[J].Biology of Reproduction,1986,34(4):664-669.
[37]刘力宽,刘季科,苏建平.光周期对环青春期雄性根田鼠繁殖发育的作用与光周期信息的母体传递模式[J].兽类学报,2001,21(1):57-66.
[2]Bronson F H.Climate change and seasonal reproduction in mammals[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,2009,364(1534):3331-3340.
[3]黄冬维,储明星.动物季节性繁殖分子调控机理研究进展[J].遗传,2011,33(7):695-706.
[4]Malpaux B,Thiéry J C,Chemineau P.Melatonin and the seasonal control of reproduction[J].Reproduction Nutrition Development,1999,39(3):355-366.
[5]Spinage C A.The role of photoperiodism in the seasonal breeding of tropical African ungulates[J].Mammal Review,1973,3(3):71-83.
[6]刘志龙,孙儒泳.布氏田鼠种群繁殖特征研究[J].兽类学报,1993,13(2):114-122.
[7]Stevenson T J,Ball G F.Information theory and the neuropeptidergic regulation of seasonal reproduction in mammals and birds[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,2011,278(1717):2477-2485.
[8]齐银,王跃招.物种繁殖策略和交配对策的变异性[J].四川动物,2010,29(6):1002-1007.
[9]Bronson F H,Heideman P D.Seasonal regulation of reproduction in mammals[J].The Physiology of Reproduction,1994,2:541-584.
[10]Reiter R J.The melatonin rhythm:both a clock and a calendar[J].Experientia,1993,49(8):654-664.
[11]张知彬,王祖望.农业重要鼠害的生态学及其控制对策[M].北京:海洋出版社,1998:211.
[12]宛新荣,王梦军,王广和,等.布氏田鼠标志种群的繁殖参数[J].兽类学报,2002,22(2):116-122.
[13]施大钊,海淑珍,郭喜红.自然条件下不同出生期布氏田鼠寿命的研究[J].中国农业大学学报,1999,4(3):115-119.
[14]张洁,钟文勤.布氏田鼠洞群内群体结构的研究[J].兽类学报,1981,1(1):51-56.
[15]施大钊,海淑珍,吕东,等.布氏田鼠洞群内社群结构变动与序位的研究[J].兽类学报,1999,19(1):48-55.
[16]Zhong W,Wang M,Wan X.Ecological management of Brandt’s vole(Microtus brandti)in Inner Mongolia,China[J].Ecologically-based Rodent Management.ACIAR Monograph,1999,59:119-214.
[17]王大伟,丛林,王宇,等.繁殖季节和非繁殖季节布氏田鼠种群参数和生理特点的差异[J].生态学报,2010(13):3562-3568.
[18]张学昌.雄性布氏田鼠Stra8、Scp3和Dmc1基因的克隆及其季节性表达分析[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2011.
[19]内蒙古锡林郭勒盟卫生防疫站.布氏田鼠的生态研究[J].动物学报,1975(1):30-39.
[20]罗泽珣,郝守身,梁志安,等.呼伦贝尔草原有关布氏田鼠防治方面的某些生物学研究[J].动物学报,1975,21(1):51-61.
[21]张洁,周庆强,钟文勤,等.布氏田鼠种群年龄的研究[J].动物学报,1978,24(4):344-357.
[22]张洁,钟文勤.布氏田鼠种群繁殖的研究[J].动物学报,1979,25(3):250-259.
[23]武晓东.用标志重捕法对布氏田鼠的分居,种群组成和生态寿命的研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),1988(1):12.
[24]殷宝法,魏万红,张堰铭,等.小型哺乳动物的繁殖投入与繁殖成功率[J].兽类学报,2003,23(3):259-265.
[25]宛新荣,钟文勤,刘伟,等.布氏田鼠的繁殖启动与繁殖适应对策[C]∥中国动物学会兽类学分会第六届会员代表大会暨学术讨论会论文摘要集,2004.
[26]Liu Xiaohui,Yue Lingfen,Wang Dawei,et al.Inbreeding avoidance drives consistent variation of fine-scale genetic structure caused by dispersal in the seasonal mating system of brandt’s voles[J].PLoS ONE,2013,8(3):e58101.
[27]张建军,施大钊.布氏田鼠雄性的优势地位[J].动物学杂志,2006,40(6):19-24.
[28]宛新荣,张新阶,刘伟,等.布氏田鼠标志种群的社群等级及其季节变化[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(3):359-362.
[29]Cant M A.Social control of reproduction in banded mongooses[J].Animal Behaviour,2000,59(1):147-158.
[30]Marchlewska-Koj A.Sociogenic stress and rodent reproduction[J].Neuroscience&Biobehavioral Reviews,1997,21(5):699-703.
[31]孙儒泳,张玉书,方喜叶.啮齿类繁殖生态研究中雄性繁殖强度的意义[J].动物学报,1977,23(2):187-199.
[32]齐晓光.秦岭川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana)的繁殖策略、社会组织与个体扩散迁移机制的研究[D].西安:西北大学,2008.
[33]刘力宽,刘季科.6-MBOA对植食性小哺乳类繁殖作用的研究进展[J].兽类学报,1998,18(1):60-67.
[34]Meek L R,Lee T M,Gallon J F.Interaction of maternal photoperiod history and food type on growth and reproductive development of laboratory meadow voles(Microtus pennsylvanicus)[J].Physiology&Behavior,1995,57(5):905-911.
[35]Solomon N G.Effect of the pre-weaning environment on subsequent reproduction in prairie voles,(Microtus ochrogaster)[J].Animal Behaviour,1994,48(2):331-341.
[36]Stetson M H,Elliott J A,Goldman B D.Maternal transfer of photoperiodic information influences the photoperiodic response of prepubertal Djungarian hamsters(Phodopus sungorus sungorus)[J].Biology of Reproduction,1986,34(4):664-669.
[37]刘力宽,刘季科,苏建平.光周期对环青春期雄性根田鼠繁殖发育的作用与光周期信息的母体传递模式[J].兽类学报,2001,21(1):57-66.