准噶尔盆地南缘凝析油、蜡质油与稠油的形成机理
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摘要
对于发育多套不同成熟度烃源岩、存在多种类型原油及天然气的复杂含油气区,如何准确判断油气来源与成因一直是非常困难的事情.准噶尔盆地南缘中部地区存在正常原油、轻质油、凝析油、蜡质油和稠油,同时也发现了大量天然气,长期以来对该地区凝析油的来源与成因一直存在很大争议,而对于蜡质油与稠油的形成则几乎没有研究.本文以该地区为研究实例,探讨复杂油气区凝析油、蜡质油与稠油成因判识地质地球化学方法,揭示该地区多种类型原油并存的原因与地球化学过程.南缘中部地区40多个原油、轻质油、凝析油和稠油化学组成及其变化特征精细分析对比表明,该区凝析油以低碳数正构烷烃为主,含有丰富的环己烷、甲基环己烷等环烷烃和苯、甲苯、二甲苯等低碳数芳烃,庚烷值在19~21%,异庚烷值在1.9~2.1,甲苯/正庚烷比值在1.5~2.0之间,其烷烃的分布与高密度蜡质原油和稠油呈镜像关系.结合该区原油、凝析油油源及天然气气源对比结果认为,该区凝析油是白垩系湖相烃源岩生成的成熟原油油藏,在后期遭受了侏罗系生成的高成熟天然气气侵改造的产物,为蒸发分馏/相控运移分馏作用形成的凝析油.蜡质油是蒸发分馏/相控运移分馏作用过程的中间产物或阶段产物,稠油是蒸发/相控运移分馏作用的残留物.蒸发/相控运移分馏作用是南缘凝析油、蜡质油、稠油形成的主要成因机理,其导致油藏原油及凝析油的正庚烷、甲基环己烷、甲苯等轻烃化合物含量发生很大变化,使凝析油的甲苯/正庚烷等比值具有很大的不确定性.因此,不能依据凝析油中甲苯/正庚烷与正庚烷/甲基环己烷比值简单地套用Thompson图版判识其成因,而必须从研究区地质条件、烃源岩成烃演化与生烃历史、各种类型油气分子组成与分布特征、不同物理化学性质油气在纵向及区域上分布等方面综合分析判识凝析油的成因.
引文
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陈建平,王绪龙,邓春萍,赵喆,倪云燕,孙永革,杨海波,王汇彤,梁狄刚.2016a.准噶尔盆地南缘油气生成与分布规律--典型原油油源对比.石油学报,37:160-171
陈建平,王绪龙,邓春萍,赵喆,倪云燕,孙永革,杨海波,王汇彤,梁狄刚.2016b.准噶尔盆地南缘油气生成与分布规律--典型油藏油源解剖与原油分布规律.石油学报,37:415-429
陈建平,邓春萍,王绪龙,倪云燕,孙永革5,赵喆,王培荣,廖健德,张蒂嘉,梁狄刚.2016c.准噶尔盆地南缘凝析油油源.石油勘探与开发,43:830-840
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