近50多年河西地区干热风事件时空变化特征
|
摘要
为探究全球变化背景下河西地区干热风事件的变化趋势和影响范围,根据河西地区春小麦国家气象行业标准,基于河西地区13个气象站1960—2017年6、7月的逐日最高气温和14:00相对湿度,分析干热风事件时空变化特征。结果表明:①除海拔较高地区没有干热风事件发生外,其余地区均呈现增加趋势,且增长幅度有明显差异。在2000年之后重度干热风增加更为显著,干热风发生强度迅速增强。各年代干热风发生高值区未发生明显变动,发生天数却有明显变化。②河西地区干热风空间分布为西多东少,北多南少。较低海拔地区达到干热风年型标准的年份较多。③一次干热风过程所波及的站点和持续时间增多和延长,干热风发生范围进一步扩大到更高纬度和更高海拔地区。
In this study,the spatiotemporal distribution and evolution of dry-hot wind events were analyzed. The purpose of the study was to explore the trends and impacts of dry-hot wind events in the Hexi region under the background of global change based on the national meteorological industry standards for spring wheat and the daily maximum temperature and relative humidity data from 13 meteorological stations in the Hexi region at 14: 00 in June and July from 1960 to 2017. The results showed that:(1) Dry-hot wind events were mainly in an increase trend except in the areas with high altitude,and their increase rates were significantly different. After 2000,the intensity of dryhot wind increased rapidly,especially the heavy dry-hot wind. There was no obvious change in the areas with high occurring frequency in different decades,but the days of occurring dry-hot wind changed significantly;(2) Dry-hot wind frequency was higher in the west and north than that in the east and south,and it was also high in the areas with low elevation;(3) The extent of occurring a dry-hot wind event was enlarged,its duration was prolonged,and dry-hot wind tended to the regions with higher latitudes and higher altitudes.
In this study,the spatiotemporal distribution and evolution of dry-hot wind events were analyzed. The purpose of the study was to explore the trends and impacts of dry-hot wind events in the Hexi region under the background of global change based on the national meteorological industry standards for spring wheat and the daily maximum temperature and relative humidity data from 13 meteorological stations in the Hexi region at 14: 00 in June and July from 1960 to 2017. The results showed that:(1) Dry-hot wind events were mainly in an increase trend except in the areas with high altitude,and their increase rates were significantly different. After 2000,the intensity of dryhot wind increased rapidly,especially the heavy dry-hot wind. There was no obvious change in the areas with high occurring frequency in different decades,but the days of occurring dry-hot wind changed significantly;(2) Dry-hot wind frequency was higher in the west and north than that in the east and south,and it was also high in the areas with low elevation;(3) The extent of occurring a dry-hot wind event was enlarged,its duration was prolonged,and dry-hot wind tended to the regions with higher latitudes and higher altitudes.
引文
[1]董安祥,温克刚.中国气象灾害大典:甘肃卷[M].北京:气象出版社,2005.[Dong Anxiang,Wen Kegang.Chinese Meteorological Disasters Encyclopedia:Gansu Fascicule[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2005.]
[2]中国气象局.小麦干热风灾害等级中华人民共和国气象行业标准(QX/T82-2007)[S].北京:气象出版社,2007.[China Meteorological Administration.Disaster Grade of Dry-hot Wind for Wheat(QX/T82-2007)[S].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2007.]
[3]王鹏祥,杨金虎.中国西北近45 a来极端高温事件及其对区域性增暖的响应[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(5):649-655.[Wang Pengxiang,Yang Jinhu.Extreme high temperature events and response to regional warming in recent 45 years in Northwest China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2007,27(5):649-655.]
[4]董婷,孟令奎,张文.1961-2012年我国干旱演变特征[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(1):96-106.[Dong Ting,Meng Lingkui,Zhang Wen.Evolution of drought in China during the period of1961-2012[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(1):96-106.]
[5]邓振镛,张强,倾继祖,等.气候暖干化对中国北方干热风的影响[J].冰川冻土,2009,31(4):664-671.[Deng Zhenyong,Zhang Qiang,Qing Jizu,et al,Impact of climate warming and drying on dry-hot wind in the North of China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2009,31(4):664-671.]
[6]中国科学院兰州高原大气物理研究所.河西地区的干热风[J].气象,1975,1(5):22-22.[Lanzhou Institute of Plateau Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Dry-hot wind in Hexi region[J].Meteorological Monthly,1975,1(5):22-22.]
[7]北方十三省(市)小麦干热风科研协作组.小麦干热风伤害机理的研究[J].作物学报,1984,10(2):105-112.[The Cooperated Research Group on Dry-hot wind Injury in Wheat in Thirteen Provinces and Municipalities in North China.Study on the injurious mechanism of hot weather with dry wind(HDW)in wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,1984,10(2):105-112.]
[8]王春乙,季贵树.石家庄地区干热风年型指标分析及统计预测模型[J].气象学报,1991,49(1):104-107.[Wang Chunyi,Ji Guishu.Index analysis of dry-hot wind year’s type and forecasting model in Shijiazhuang District[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,1991,49(1):104-107.]
[9]尤凤春,郝立生,史印山,等.河北省冬麦区干热风成因分析[J].气象,2007,33(3):95-100.[You Fengchun,Hao Lisheng,Shi Yinshan,et al.Causation analysis of dry-hot wind formation in Hebei Province winter wheat region[J].Meteorological Monthly,2007,33(3):95-100.]
[10]时凤云,徐文国,吴建河,等.濮阳近40年干热风特征和成因分析及防御[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(3):251-254.[Shi Fengyun,Xu Wenguo,Wu Jianhe,et al.The reason analysis and defense of dry-hot wind’s characters in recent forty years of Puyang City[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2009,25(3):251-254.]
[11]刘德祥,孙兰东,宁惠芳.甘肃省干热风的气候特征及其对气候变化的响应[J].冰川冻土,2008,30(1):81-86.[Liu Dexiang,Sun Landong,Ning Huifang.Characteristics of dry-hot wind in Gansu Province and its response to climate change[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2008,30(1):664-671.]
[12]曹玲,窦永祥.河西走廊中部干热风气候特征分析及其预报方法[J].干旱地区农业研究,1997,15(3):96-102.[Cao Ling,Dou Yongxiang.Dry-hot wind climatic feature and its forecast in central Hexi Corridor[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,1997,15(3):96-102.]
[13]赵俊芳,赵艳霞,郭建平,等.过去50年黄淮海地区冬小麦干热风发生的时空演变规律[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(14):2 815-2 825.[Zhao Junfang,Zhao Yanxia,Guo Jianping,et al.Spatial-temporal changes of dry-hot wind for winter wheat in Huanghuaihai Plain during the past 50 years[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(14):2 815-2 825.]
[14]邬定荣,刘建栋,刘玲,等.近50年华北平原干热风时空分布特征[J].自然灾害学报,2012,21(5):167-172.[Wu Dingrong,Liu Jiandong,Liu Ling,et al.Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of dry-hot wind days in North China Plain in recent 50 years[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2012,21(5):167-172.]
[15]杨霏云,朱玉洁,刘伟昌.华北冬麦区干热风发生规律及风险区划[J].自然灾害学报,2013,22(3):112-121.[Yang Feiyun,Zhu Yujie,Liu Weichang.Occurrence rules and risk zoning of dry-hot wind in winter wheat producing areas of North China[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2013,22(3):112-121.]
[16]北方小麦干热风科研协作组.干热风对小麦灌浆速度的影响[J].气象,1983,9(5):22-24.[Collaboration Group of Wheat Dry-hot Wind in Northern China.Influence of dry-hot wind on grain filling speed of wheat[J].Meteorological Monthly,1983,9(5):22-24.]
[17]成林,张志红,方文松.干热风对冬小麦灌浆速率和千粒重的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2014,34(2):248-254.[Cheng Lin,Zhang Zhihong,Fang Wensong.Effects of dry-hot wind on grain filling speed and 1 000-kernel weight of winter wheat[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2014,34(2):248-254.]
[18]张翠英,樊景豪,张斌,等.鲁西南干热风发生规律及统计预测模型[J].干旱气象,2016,34(1):207-211.[Zhang Cuiying,Fan Jinghao,Zhang Bin,et al.Dry-hot wind characteristic and statistical forecasting model in Southwest of Shandong Province[J].Journal of Arid Meteorology,2016,34(1):207-211.]
[19]刘玲,刘建栋,邬定荣,等.气候变化情景下华北地区干热风的时空分布特征[J].科技导报,2012,30(19):24-27.[Liu Ling,Liu Jiandong,Wu Dingrong,et al.Temporal and spatial variations of dry-hot wind in North China under the condition of climate change in the future[J].Science&Technology Review,2012,30(19):24-27.]
[20]戚尚恩,杨太明,孙有丰,等.淮北地区小麦干热风发生规律及防御对策[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(1):401-404.[Qi Shangen,Yang Taiming,Sun Youfeng,et al.Occurrence rules and preventive measures of wheat dry hot wind in Huaibei Area[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(1):401-404.]
[21]张耀宗,张勃,刘艳艳,等.乌鞘岭是甘肃气候转型变化的分界线吗?[J].冰川冻土,2016,38(3):611-619.[Zhang Yaozong,Zhang Bo,Liu Yanyan,et al.Is the Wushaoling the climate shift dividing line in Gansu Province?[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2016,38(3):611-619.]
[22]窦睿音,延军平,王鹏涛.全球变化背景下甘肃近半个世纪气温时空变化特征[J].干旱区研究,2015,32(1):73-79.[Dou Ruiyin,Yan Junping,Wang Pengtao.Spatiotemporal distribution of temperature in Gansu Province under global climate change during the period from 1956 to 2012[J].Arid Zone Research,2015,32(1):73-79.]
[23]贾文雄,何元庆,李宗省,等.近50年来河西走廊平原区气候变化的区域特征及突变分析[J].地理科学,2008,28(4):525-531.[Jia Wenxiong,He Yuanqing,Li Zongxing et al.Regional characteristics of climatic change trend and break during last50 years in Hexi Corridor[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2008,28(4):525-531.]
[24]刘德祥,董安祥,薛万孝,等.气候变暖对甘肃农业的影响[J].地理科学进展,2005,24(2):49-58.[Liu Dexiang,Dong Anxiang,Xue Wanxiao,et al.Impact of climate warming on agriculture in Gansu Province[J].Progress in Geography,2005,24(2):49-58.]
[25]李香颜,张金平,陈敏.基于GIS的河南省冬小麦干热风风险评估及区划[J].自然灾害学报,2017,26(3):63-70.[Li Xiangyan,Zhang Jinping,Chen Min.Risk assessment and zoning of winter wheat dry-hot wind in Henan Province based on GIS technology[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2017,26(3):63-70.]
[2]中国气象局.小麦干热风灾害等级中华人民共和国气象行业标准(QX/T82-2007)[S].北京:气象出版社,2007.[China Meteorological Administration.Disaster Grade of Dry-hot Wind for Wheat(QX/T82-2007)[S].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2007.]
[3]王鹏祥,杨金虎.中国西北近45 a来极端高温事件及其对区域性增暖的响应[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(5):649-655.[Wang Pengxiang,Yang Jinhu.Extreme high temperature events and response to regional warming in recent 45 years in Northwest China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2007,27(5):649-655.]
[4]董婷,孟令奎,张文.1961-2012年我国干旱演变特征[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(1):96-106.[Dong Ting,Meng Lingkui,Zhang Wen.Evolution of drought in China during the period of1961-2012[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(1):96-106.]
[5]邓振镛,张强,倾继祖,等.气候暖干化对中国北方干热风的影响[J].冰川冻土,2009,31(4):664-671.[Deng Zhenyong,Zhang Qiang,Qing Jizu,et al,Impact of climate warming and drying on dry-hot wind in the North of China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2009,31(4):664-671.]
[6]中国科学院兰州高原大气物理研究所.河西地区的干热风[J].气象,1975,1(5):22-22.[Lanzhou Institute of Plateau Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Dry-hot wind in Hexi region[J].Meteorological Monthly,1975,1(5):22-22.]
[7]北方十三省(市)小麦干热风科研协作组.小麦干热风伤害机理的研究[J].作物学报,1984,10(2):105-112.[The Cooperated Research Group on Dry-hot wind Injury in Wheat in Thirteen Provinces and Municipalities in North China.Study on the injurious mechanism of hot weather with dry wind(HDW)in wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,1984,10(2):105-112.]
[8]王春乙,季贵树.石家庄地区干热风年型指标分析及统计预测模型[J].气象学报,1991,49(1):104-107.[Wang Chunyi,Ji Guishu.Index analysis of dry-hot wind year’s type and forecasting model in Shijiazhuang District[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,1991,49(1):104-107.]
[9]尤凤春,郝立生,史印山,等.河北省冬麦区干热风成因分析[J].气象,2007,33(3):95-100.[You Fengchun,Hao Lisheng,Shi Yinshan,et al.Causation analysis of dry-hot wind formation in Hebei Province winter wheat region[J].Meteorological Monthly,2007,33(3):95-100.]
[10]时凤云,徐文国,吴建河,等.濮阳近40年干热风特征和成因分析及防御[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(3):251-254.[Shi Fengyun,Xu Wenguo,Wu Jianhe,et al.The reason analysis and defense of dry-hot wind’s characters in recent forty years of Puyang City[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2009,25(3):251-254.]
[11]刘德祥,孙兰东,宁惠芳.甘肃省干热风的气候特征及其对气候变化的响应[J].冰川冻土,2008,30(1):81-86.[Liu Dexiang,Sun Landong,Ning Huifang.Characteristics of dry-hot wind in Gansu Province and its response to climate change[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2008,30(1):664-671.]
[12]曹玲,窦永祥.河西走廊中部干热风气候特征分析及其预报方法[J].干旱地区农业研究,1997,15(3):96-102.[Cao Ling,Dou Yongxiang.Dry-hot wind climatic feature and its forecast in central Hexi Corridor[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,1997,15(3):96-102.]
[13]赵俊芳,赵艳霞,郭建平,等.过去50年黄淮海地区冬小麦干热风发生的时空演变规律[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(14):2 815-2 825.[Zhao Junfang,Zhao Yanxia,Guo Jianping,et al.Spatial-temporal changes of dry-hot wind for winter wheat in Huanghuaihai Plain during the past 50 years[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(14):2 815-2 825.]
[14]邬定荣,刘建栋,刘玲,等.近50年华北平原干热风时空分布特征[J].自然灾害学报,2012,21(5):167-172.[Wu Dingrong,Liu Jiandong,Liu Ling,et al.Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of dry-hot wind days in North China Plain in recent 50 years[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2012,21(5):167-172.]
[15]杨霏云,朱玉洁,刘伟昌.华北冬麦区干热风发生规律及风险区划[J].自然灾害学报,2013,22(3):112-121.[Yang Feiyun,Zhu Yujie,Liu Weichang.Occurrence rules and risk zoning of dry-hot wind in winter wheat producing areas of North China[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2013,22(3):112-121.]
[16]北方小麦干热风科研协作组.干热风对小麦灌浆速度的影响[J].气象,1983,9(5):22-24.[Collaboration Group of Wheat Dry-hot Wind in Northern China.Influence of dry-hot wind on grain filling speed of wheat[J].Meteorological Monthly,1983,9(5):22-24.]
[17]成林,张志红,方文松.干热风对冬小麦灌浆速率和千粒重的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2014,34(2):248-254.[Cheng Lin,Zhang Zhihong,Fang Wensong.Effects of dry-hot wind on grain filling speed and 1 000-kernel weight of winter wheat[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2014,34(2):248-254.]
[18]张翠英,樊景豪,张斌,等.鲁西南干热风发生规律及统计预测模型[J].干旱气象,2016,34(1):207-211.[Zhang Cuiying,Fan Jinghao,Zhang Bin,et al.Dry-hot wind characteristic and statistical forecasting model in Southwest of Shandong Province[J].Journal of Arid Meteorology,2016,34(1):207-211.]
[19]刘玲,刘建栋,邬定荣,等.气候变化情景下华北地区干热风的时空分布特征[J].科技导报,2012,30(19):24-27.[Liu Ling,Liu Jiandong,Wu Dingrong,et al.Temporal and spatial variations of dry-hot wind in North China under the condition of climate change in the future[J].Science&Technology Review,2012,30(19):24-27.]
[20]戚尚恩,杨太明,孙有丰,等.淮北地区小麦干热风发生规律及防御对策[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(1):401-404.[Qi Shangen,Yang Taiming,Sun Youfeng,et al.Occurrence rules and preventive measures of wheat dry hot wind in Huaibei Area[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(1):401-404.]
[21]张耀宗,张勃,刘艳艳,等.乌鞘岭是甘肃气候转型变化的分界线吗?[J].冰川冻土,2016,38(3):611-619.[Zhang Yaozong,Zhang Bo,Liu Yanyan,et al.Is the Wushaoling the climate shift dividing line in Gansu Province?[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2016,38(3):611-619.]
[22]窦睿音,延军平,王鹏涛.全球变化背景下甘肃近半个世纪气温时空变化特征[J].干旱区研究,2015,32(1):73-79.[Dou Ruiyin,Yan Junping,Wang Pengtao.Spatiotemporal distribution of temperature in Gansu Province under global climate change during the period from 1956 to 2012[J].Arid Zone Research,2015,32(1):73-79.]
[23]贾文雄,何元庆,李宗省,等.近50年来河西走廊平原区气候变化的区域特征及突变分析[J].地理科学,2008,28(4):525-531.[Jia Wenxiong,He Yuanqing,Li Zongxing et al.Regional characteristics of climatic change trend and break during last50 years in Hexi Corridor[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2008,28(4):525-531.]
[24]刘德祥,董安祥,薛万孝,等.气候变暖对甘肃农业的影响[J].地理科学进展,2005,24(2):49-58.[Liu Dexiang,Dong Anxiang,Xue Wanxiao,et al.Impact of climate warming on agriculture in Gansu Province[J].Progress in Geography,2005,24(2):49-58.]
[25]李香颜,张金平,陈敏.基于GIS的河南省冬小麦干热风风险评估及区划[J].自然灾害学报,2017,26(3):63-70.[Li Xiangyan,Zhang Jinping,Chen Min.Risk assessment and zoning of winter wheat dry-hot wind in Henan Province based on GIS technology[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2017,26(3):63-70.]