果树专用饼状缓释肥递肥机构设计与优化
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摘要
针对现代果园生产过程中出现的化肥施用不当、浪费资源、污染环境等问题,提出果园缓释肥施肥方法。缓释肥料由于肥力释放速率、方式和持续时间已知并可控制而被推广,发展潜力大,但目前缓释肥施肥以手工施肥为主,劳动强度大,作业效率低。为解决这些问题,提出了一种缓释肥施肥机凸轮递肥机构。该机构由单片机、步进电机、凸轮、推杆及递肥盒构成,实现可控单一递肥。基于碰撞函数接触算法(IMPACT-Functionbased Contact)对不同基圆半径R的凸轮进行仿真,通过对凸轮递肥机构的仿真试验,获取凸轮机构与推杆机构之间的接触力数据及推杆运动时的加速度和速度数据。通过对所得数据进行分析,优化凸轮基圆半径,结果表明:当基圆半径为105mm时,不仅可以减少材料成本,而且凸轮与推杆之间的挤压与接触力、推杆运动的加速度和速度在要求范围内实现多目标最优。
In view of the problems in the process of modern orchard production such as improper application of chemical fertilizer,waste of resources and pollution of environment,the applying slow-release fertilizer in orchard has been put forward. The release rate,mode and duration of slow-release fertilizer can be controlled with great potential for development. However,presently,the main mode of slow release fertilizer is artificial fertilization,with great labor intensity and low operation efficiency. In order to solve the above problems and realize mechanized fertilization of slow-release fertilizer,a slow-release fertilizer applicator is proposed in this paper,which is composed of single chip,stepping motor,cam,push rod and fertilizer delivering box. The slow-release fertilizer applicator can control single delivery of fertilizer. The simulation experiments of cam with different base circle radius is based on IMPACT-Function-based contact,which are simulated by simulation test of the cam mechanism of the delivery of fertilizer to acquire the contact force between the cam of the push rod mechanism. By analyzing the data,it can be concluded that when the radius of base circle is 105 mm not only can reduce the material cost,but also the extrusion and contact force between the cam and the push rod extrusion is least.
In view of the problems in the process of modern orchard production such as improper application of chemical fertilizer,waste of resources and pollution of environment,the applying slow-release fertilizer in orchard has been put forward. The release rate,mode and duration of slow-release fertilizer can be controlled with great potential for development. However,presently,the main mode of slow release fertilizer is artificial fertilization,with great labor intensity and low operation efficiency. In order to solve the above problems and realize mechanized fertilization of slow-release fertilizer,a slow-release fertilizer applicator is proposed in this paper,which is composed of single chip,stepping motor,cam,push rod and fertilizer delivering box. The slow-release fertilizer applicator can control single delivery of fertilizer. The simulation experiments of cam with different base circle radius is based on IMPACT-Function-based contact,which are simulated by simulation test of the cam mechanism of the delivery of fertilizer to acquire the contact force between the cam of the push rod mechanism. By analyzing the data,it can be concluded that when the radius of base circle is 105 mm not only can reduce the material cost,but also the extrusion and contact force between the cam and the push rod extrusion is least.
引文
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[2]王作琳,叶全,迟金强,等.果树专用缓释肥在果树上的应用效果[J].烟台果树,2006(1):27-28.
[3]Zhao Y,Zhang X,Wang J,Liu J.Preparation of highly ordered cubic Na A zeolite from halloysite mineral for adsorption of ammonium ions[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,178:658-664.
[4]陈润,张文辉.包膜型缓控释肥料的研究综述[J].化学工程与装备,2010(10):126-128.
[5]曲萍,常志州,赵永富,等.蛋白水解物改性脲甲醛缓释肥的结构及氮素释放特征[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(21):240-245.
[6]周宝元,王新兵,王志敏,等.不同耕作方式下缓释肥对夏玉米产量及氮素利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(3):821-829.
[7]Mantinez M T.Romero C.Gavilan J M.Characteristics of HA-Ca complexes prepared from lignite humic acids[J].Fuel,1983,62(8):956-958.
[8]樊小林,刘芳,廖照源,等.我国控释肥料研究的现状和展望[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009(2):463-473.
[9]邵蕾,王丽霞,张民,等.控释肥类型及氮素水平对氮磷钾利用率的影响[J].水土保持学报,2009(4):170-175.
[10]吕昊.外槽轮排肥器优化设计新方法研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2014.
[11]杨越超.控释肥膜性质对养分释放特征的影响及其评价[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2006.
[12].陈强,张文清,吕伟娇,等.可生物降解的壳聚糖肥料包膜材料的研究[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2005(3):290-293.
[13]邱现奎.粉煤灰包膜缓释肥的制备及其对作物生长的影响研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2011.
[14]黄暄暄,马海红,孙畅,等.改性酰化壳聚糖缓释肥包膜材料的制备与表征[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2016,32(6):133-137.
[15]青岛炜烨锻压机械有限公司.一种可生物降解的膨化缓释肥:中国,CN105367192A[P].2016-03-02.
[16]姚海蓉.平面凸轮设计及运动仿真系统的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2004.
[17]LI Fangyi,MA Shilei,HE Yang,et al.Mechanism Design of Palletizing Robot Based on Translating Cam Principle[J].Transactions of Tianjin University,2012,18(6):465-470.
[18]郭仁生.机械设计基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006:87-92.
[19]YAO Yan’an,YAN Hongsen,ZHANG Ce.Integrated design of cam mechanisms and servo-control systems[J].Science in China(Series E:Technological Sciences),2000(5):511-518.
[20]袁安富,相立峰.基于ADAMS和Solid Works的印刷机凸轮传动系统的建模与仿真[J].制造业自动化,2010,32(12):125-128.
[21]杨闯.基于ADAMS的修枝机变速箱机械传动机构仿真分析研究[J].电动工具,2015(2):1-5,12.