夏季高温下污水处理厂生物处理系统的硝化性能及强化方法
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摘要
本文模拟夏季高温,考察了温度(30～45℃)和氨氮容积负荷对污水处理厂好氧池活性污泥硝化功能及微生物群落的影响,同时探讨中温富集硝化污泥高温驯化前后用于强化受高温冲击的生物处理系统的硝化效果.结果表明,在30～40℃水温下好氧池活性污泥的氨氮去除效果保持在90%以上,硝化菌含量也逐步升高至4. 55%;当水温升至45℃时氨氮去除率和硝化菌含量均分别降至40%和1. 97%.为快速恢复受夏季高温冲击的生物系统,将中温富集硝化污泥在40℃下驯化61 d后,获得硝化活性为(60±5) mg·(L·h)-1的硝化污泥,考察中温富集硝化污泥驯化前后对受高温冲击的生物处理系统的强化效果,发现驯化后的中温富集硝化污泥只需投加5%(体积分数)即可提高10%的氨氮去除率,而未驯化的则需要投加10%(体积分数).上述结果表明,中温富集硝化污泥经驯化后能更好地用于强化受高温冲击的生物处理系统的硝化功能.
The influence of temperature( 30-45℃) and ammonia-nitrogen volume load on the nitrification function and microbial community of activated sludge in an aerobic tank of a sewage treatment plant were investigated under simulated high-temperature stress in the summer. Meanwhile,the bioaugmentation effectiveness of the middle-temperature-enriched nitrifying sludge( with or without acclimation) was evaluated in two biological treatment systems under high-temperature shock. The results showed that the ammoniumnitrogen( NH+4-N) removal efficiency and the nitrifying bacteria content of the aerobic activated sludge at 30-40℃ were above 90%and up to 4. 55% and decreased to 40% and 1. 97% at 45℃,respectively. To quickly recover the nitrification function of the biological system under high-temperature shock in the summer,the middle-temperature-enriched nitrifying sludge was acclimated at40℃ for 61 d and achieved( 60 ± 5) mg·( L·h)-1 nitrification activity. Then,its bioaugmentation efficiency was compared with that of the middle-temperature-enriched nitrifying sludge. In the bioaugmentation test,10% of NH+4-N was removed in the reactor inoculated with 5%( volume fraction) of the acclimated nitrifying sludge,while the reactor needed inoculate with 10%( volume fraction) of the middle-temperature-enriched sludge to achieve the same removal efficiency. The results suggested that middle-temperature-enriched nitrifying sludge,after acclimating at 40℃,has a better enhancement effect under a high-temperature shocking load.
The influence of temperature( 30-45℃) and ammonia-nitrogen volume load on the nitrification function and microbial community of activated sludge in an aerobic tank of a sewage treatment plant were investigated under simulated high-temperature stress in the summer. Meanwhile,the bioaugmentation effectiveness of the middle-temperature-enriched nitrifying sludge( with or without acclimation) was evaluated in two biological treatment systems under high-temperature shock. The results showed that the ammoniumnitrogen( NH+4-N) removal efficiency and the nitrifying bacteria content of the aerobic activated sludge at 30-40℃ were above 90%and up to 4. 55% and decreased to 40% and 1. 97% at 45℃,respectively. To quickly recover the nitrification function of the biological system under high-temperature shock in the summer,the middle-temperature-enriched nitrifying sludge was acclimated at40℃ for 61 d and achieved( 60 ± 5) mg·( L·h)-1 nitrification activity. Then,its bioaugmentation efficiency was compared with that of the middle-temperature-enriched nitrifying sludge. In the bioaugmentation test,10% of NH+4-N was removed in the reactor inoculated with 5%( volume fraction) of the acclimated nitrifying sludge,while the reactor needed inoculate with 10%( volume fraction) of the middle-temperature-enriched sludge to achieve the same removal efficiency. The results suggested that middle-temperature-enriched nitrifying sludge,after acclimating at 40℃,has a better enhancement effect under a high-temperature shocking load.
引文
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[6] Sheng X L,Liu R,Chen L J,et al. Enrichment and application of nitrifying activated sludge in membrane bioreactors[J]. Water Science&Technology,2017,76(11):2888-2894.
[7]盛晓琳,崔灿灿,王家德,等.硝化污泥富集及其强化高氨氮冲击的中试研究[J].环境科学,2018,39(4):1697-1703.Sheng X L,Cui C C,Wang J D,et al. Pilot-scale experiment on enrichment of nitrifying activated sludge and its application in enhancing a wastewater biological treatment system against ammonia shocking loads[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(4):1697-1703.
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[14]陈岭.氨单加氧酶基因(amoA)在氨氧化细菌种群分析和定量检测中的应用研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2003.Chen L. Application study of amoA gene in population and quantitative analysis for ammonia-oxidizing bacteria[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2003.
[15]吴静,赵鹏娟,田磊,等.高温污泥厌氧消化器的启动[J].环境科学,2011,32(2):520-523.Wu J,Zhao P J,Tian L,et al. Start-up of a thermophilic anaerobic sludge digester[J]. Environmental Science,2011,32(2):520-523.
[16] Liao B Q,Lin H J,Langevin S P,et al. Effects of temperature and dissolved oxygen on sludge properties and their role in bioflocculation and settling[J]. Water Research,2011,45(2):509-520.
[17]王腾旭,马星宇,王萌萌,等.中高温污泥厌氧消化系统中微生物群落比较[J].微生物学通报,2016,43(1):26-35.Wang T X,Ma X Y,Wang M M,et al. A comparative study of microbial community compositions in thermophilic and mesophilic sludge anaerobic digestion systems[J]. Microbiology China,2016,43(1):26-35.
[18]程吟文,谷成刚,刘总堂,等. PBDEs好氧微生物降解动力学过程及热力学机制研究[J].土壤,2017,49(1):104-110.Cheng Y W,Gu C G,Liu Z T,et al. Research on aerobic biodegradation kinetics process and thermodynamic mechanism of PBDEs[J]. Soils,2017,49(1):104-110.
[19]贺胜英,陈爱军,杜华明,等.脂肪酶产生菌NJY-1-7的选育及发酵条件的研究[J].中国酿造,2011,30(1):66-70.He S Y,Chen A J,Du H M,et al. Screening and fermentation conditions of lipase-producing strain NJY-I-7[J]. China Brewing,2011,30(1):66-70.
[20]闫丽娟,谢振荣,赵春雷,等.耐高温酸性脂肪酶菌株NJY-1-3的选育及发酵条件的研究[J].食品科技,2010,35(3):11-15.Yan L J,Xie Z R,Zhao C L,et al. A research on screening and fermentation conditions of thermostable Lipase strain NJY-I-3[J]. Food Science and Technology,2010,35(3):11-15.
[21]杨海君,谭周进,肖启明,等.假单胞菌的生物防治作用研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2004,12(3):158-161.Yang H J,Tan Z J,Xiao Q M,et al. Biocontrol functions of pseudomonad[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2004,12(3):158-161.
[22]雍佳君,成小英.蠡河底泥中反硝化复合菌群富集及菌群结构研究[J].环境科学,2015,36(6):2232-2238.Yong J J,Cheng X Y. Enrichment and characterization of a denitrifying bacteria consortium from Lihe river's sediment[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(6):2232-2238.
[23]陈青青.温度对污泥水单独处理及富集硝化菌效果的影响[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2009.Chen Q Q. Effects of temperature on separate treatment and nitrifiers accumulation with reject water[D]. Xi'an:Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,2009.
[24]周玲玲,张永吉,宋正国,等. p H和温度对氯胺消毒给水管网硝化作用的影响[J].环境科学,2011,32(6):1627-1631.Zhou L L,Zhang Y J,Song Z G,et al. Effect of pH and temperature on nitrification in a bench-scale drinking water distribution system during chloramination[J]. Environmental Science,2011,32(6):1627-1631.
[25]于濛雨,刘毅,田玉斌,等.包埋氨氧化细菌短程硝化的高效稳定运行[J].环境科学,2017,38(7):2925-2930.Yu M Y,Liu Y,Tian Y B,et al. Efficient and stable operation of shortcut nitrification by entrapping ammonia oxidizing bacteria[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(7):2925-2930.
[26]于莉芳,王圣伟,郭天赐,等.污泥水富集硝化菌和强化城市污水低污泥龄硝化[J].环境科学,2008,29(2):332-337.Yu L F,Wang S W,Guo T C,et al. Nitrifiers accumulation with reject water and bio-augmentation for nitrification of sewage at short SRT[J]. Environmental Science,2008,29(2):332-337.
[2] Shore J L,M'Coy W S,Gunsch C K,et al. Application of a moving bed biofilm reactor for tertiary ammonia treatment in high temperature industrial wastewater[J]. Bioresource Technology,2012,112(5):51-60.
[3]解宇峰,李文静,李维新,等.江苏省城市污水处理厂尾水时空排放特征研究[J].环境工程,2014,32(8):33-37.Xie Y F, Li W J, Li W X, et al. Temporal and spatial characteristics of tail water from wastewater treatment plants in Jiangsu Province[J]. Environmental Engineering,2014,32(8):33-37.
[4] Lopez-Vazquez C M,Kubare M,Saroj D P,et al. Thermophilic biological nitrogen removal in industrial wastewater treatment[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2014,98(2):945-956.
[5] Courtens E N,Spieck E,Vilchez-Vargas R,et al. A robust nitrifying community in a bioreactor at 50℃opens up the path for thermophilic nitrogen removal[J]. The ISME Journal,2016,10(9):2293-2303.
[6] Sheng X L,Liu R,Chen L J,et al. Enrichment and application of nitrifying activated sludge in membrane bioreactors[J]. Water Science&Technology,2017,76(11):2888-2894.
[7]盛晓琳,崔灿灿,王家德,等.硝化污泥富集及其强化高氨氮冲击的中试研究[J].环境科学,2018,39(4):1697-1703.Sheng X L,Cui C C,Wang J D,et al. Pilot-scale experiment on enrichment of nitrifying activated sludge and its application in enhancing a wastewater biological treatment system against ammonia shocking loads[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(4):1697-1703.
[8]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[9] Sheng X L,Liu R,Song X Y,et al. Comparative study on microbial community in intermittently aerated sequencing batch reactors(SBR)and a traditional SBR treating digested piggery wastewater[J]. Frontiers of Environmental Science&Engineering,2017,11(3):97-106.
[10] Zhang J Y,Lv C,Tong J,et al. Optimization and microbial community analysis of anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and sewage sludge based on microwave pretreatment[J]. Bioresource Technology,2016,200(2):253-261.
[11] Grunditz C, Dalhammar G. Development of nitrification inhibition assays using pure cultures of nitrosomonas and nitrobacter[J]. Water Research,2001,35(2):433-440.
[12] Bae W,Baek S,Chung J,et al. Optimal operational factors for nitrite accumulation in batch reactors[J]. Biodegradation,2001,12(5):359-366.
[13] Sudarno U,Winter J,Gallert C. Effect of varying salinity,temperature, ammonia and nitrous acid concentrations on nitrification of saline wastewater in fixed-bed reactors[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(10):5665-5673.
[14]陈岭.氨单加氧酶基因(amoA)在氨氧化细菌种群分析和定量检测中的应用研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2003.Chen L. Application study of amoA gene in population and quantitative analysis for ammonia-oxidizing bacteria[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2003.
[15]吴静,赵鹏娟,田磊,等.高温污泥厌氧消化器的启动[J].环境科学,2011,32(2):520-523.Wu J,Zhao P J,Tian L,et al. Start-up of a thermophilic anaerobic sludge digester[J]. Environmental Science,2011,32(2):520-523.
[16] Liao B Q,Lin H J,Langevin S P,et al. Effects of temperature and dissolved oxygen on sludge properties and their role in bioflocculation and settling[J]. Water Research,2011,45(2):509-520.
[17]王腾旭,马星宇,王萌萌,等.中高温污泥厌氧消化系统中微生物群落比较[J].微生物学通报,2016,43(1):26-35.Wang T X,Ma X Y,Wang M M,et al. A comparative study of microbial community compositions in thermophilic and mesophilic sludge anaerobic digestion systems[J]. Microbiology China,2016,43(1):26-35.
[18]程吟文,谷成刚,刘总堂,等. PBDEs好氧微生物降解动力学过程及热力学机制研究[J].土壤,2017,49(1):104-110.Cheng Y W,Gu C G,Liu Z T,et al. Research on aerobic biodegradation kinetics process and thermodynamic mechanism of PBDEs[J]. Soils,2017,49(1):104-110.
[19]贺胜英,陈爱军,杜华明,等.脂肪酶产生菌NJY-1-7的选育及发酵条件的研究[J].中国酿造,2011,30(1):66-70.He S Y,Chen A J,Du H M,et al. Screening and fermentation conditions of lipase-producing strain NJY-I-7[J]. China Brewing,2011,30(1):66-70.
[20]闫丽娟,谢振荣,赵春雷,等.耐高温酸性脂肪酶菌株NJY-1-3的选育及发酵条件的研究[J].食品科技,2010,35(3):11-15.Yan L J,Xie Z R,Zhao C L,et al. A research on screening and fermentation conditions of thermostable Lipase strain NJY-I-3[J]. Food Science and Technology,2010,35(3):11-15.
[21]杨海君,谭周进,肖启明,等.假单胞菌的生物防治作用研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2004,12(3):158-161.Yang H J,Tan Z J,Xiao Q M,et al. Biocontrol functions of pseudomonad[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2004,12(3):158-161.
[22]雍佳君,成小英.蠡河底泥中反硝化复合菌群富集及菌群结构研究[J].环境科学,2015,36(6):2232-2238.Yong J J,Cheng X Y. Enrichment and characterization of a denitrifying bacteria consortium from Lihe river's sediment[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(6):2232-2238.
[23]陈青青.温度对污泥水单独处理及富集硝化菌效果的影响[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2009.Chen Q Q. Effects of temperature on separate treatment and nitrifiers accumulation with reject water[D]. Xi'an:Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,2009.
[24]周玲玲,张永吉,宋正国,等. p H和温度对氯胺消毒给水管网硝化作用的影响[J].环境科学,2011,32(6):1627-1631.Zhou L L,Zhang Y J,Song Z G,et al. Effect of pH and temperature on nitrification in a bench-scale drinking water distribution system during chloramination[J]. Environmental Science,2011,32(6):1627-1631.
[25]于濛雨,刘毅,田玉斌,等.包埋氨氧化细菌短程硝化的高效稳定运行[J].环境科学,2017,38(7):2925-2930.Yu M Y,Liu Y,Tian Y B,et al. Efficient and stable operation of shortcut nitrification by entrapping ammonia oxidizing bacteria[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(7):2925-2930.
[26]于莉芳,王圣伟,郭天赐,等.污泥水富集硝化菌和强化城市污水低污泥龄硝化[J].环境科学,2008,29(2):332-337.Yu L F,Wang S W,Guo T C,et al. Nitrifiers accumulation with reject water and bio-augmentation for nitrification of sewage at short SRT[J]. Environmental Science,2008,29(2):332-337.