社会资本、农村劳动力流动与农户家庭多维贫困
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摘要
基于Alkire&Foster(A-F)多维贫困理论框架,利用中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),测度我国农户多维贫困水平;同时,将社会资本与农村劳动力流动置于同一框架下,构建影响我国农户家庭多维贫困的作用机理,运用分位数回归法实证检验二者对农户多维贫困的影响。研究结论表明:社会资本和农村劳动力流动均能显著缓解农户多维贫困,而且农村劳动力流动可以显著强化社会资本对农户多维贫困的缓解作用。因此,为实现农户家庭多维度脱贫,应重视社会资本的建立与运用,加强对农村劳动力流动的有序引导。
Based on the Alkire & Foster(A-F)multidimensional poverty framework,the level of multidimensional poverty of rural households in China was measured by using the Chinese Family Panel Studies(CFPS)data.With the social capital and rural labor mobility placed under the same framework,the mechanism of their influence on multidimensional poverty of the rural households in China is constructed,and such influence is empirically tested with the quantile regression method.The results show that both social capital and rural labor mobility can significantly alleviate the multidimensional poverty of rural households,and the rural labor power mobility can significantly enhance the social capital's alleviating effect on the multidimensional poverty of rural households.Therefore,in order to realize the multidimensional poverty alleviation of rural households,we should attach importance to the establishment and application of social capital,and strengthen the orderly guidance of rural labor mobility.
Based on the Alkire & Foster(A-F)multidimensional poverty framework,the level of multidimensional poverty of rural households in China was measured by using the Chinese Family Panel Studies(CFPS)data.With the social capital and rural labor mobility placed under the same framework,the mechanism of their influence on multidimensional poverty of the rural households in China is constructed,and such influence is empirically tested with the quantile regression method.The results show that both social capital and rural labor mobility can significantly alleviate the multidimensional poverty of rural households,and the rural labor power mobility can significantly enhance the social capital's alleviating effect on the multidimensional poverty of rural households.Therefore,in order to realize the multidimensional poverty alleviation of rural households,we should attach importance to the establishment and application of social capital,and strengthen the orderly guidance of rural labor mobility.
引文
[1]陈立中.转型时期我国多维度贫困测算及其分解[J].经济评论,2008(5):5-10.
[2]GRANOVETTER M.Economic action and social structure:The problem of embeddedness[J].American journal of sociology,1985(3):481-510.
[3]GROOTAERT C,NARAYAN D,JONES V N,et al.Measuring social capital:An integrated questionnaire[J].World bank publications,2010(2):201-220.
[4]刘一伟,刁力.社会资本、非农就业与农村居民贫困[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2018(2):61-71.
[5]叶静怡,周晔馨.社会资本转换与农民工收入---来自北京农民工调查的证据[J].管理世界,2010(10):34-46.
[6]杨文,孙蚌珠,王学龙.中国农村家庭脆弱性的测量与分解[J].经济研究,2012(4):40-51.
[7]赵剑治,陆铭.关系对农村收入差距的贡献及其地区差异---一项基于回归的分解分析[J].经济学季刊,2010(1):363-390.
[8]GERTLER P,LEVINE D,MORETTI E.Is social capital the capital of the poor?The role of family and community in helping insure living standards against health shocks[J].CESifo economic studies,2006(3):455-499.
[9]周晔馨.社会资本是穷人的资本吗?---基于中国农户收入的经验证据[J].管理世界,2012(7):83-95.
[10]LEWIS W A.Economic development with unlimited supplies of labour[J].The manchester school,1954(2):139-191.
[11]ADAMS R H,PAGE J.Do international migration and remittances reduce poverty in developing countries?[J].World development,2005(10):1645-1669.
[12]NGUYEN C V,BERG M V D,LENSINK R.The impact of work and non-work migration on household welfare,poverty and inequality[J].Economics of transition,2011(4):771-799.
[13]樊士德,江克忠.中国农村家庭劳动力流动的减贫效应研究---基于CFPS数据的微观证据[J].中国人口科学,2016(5):26-34.
[14]谢家智,王文涛.社会结构变迁、社会资本转换与农户收入差距[J].中国软科学,2016(10):20-36.
[15]Grootaert C.Social capital,household welfare and poverty in Indonesia[J].Local level institutions working paper,Washington,DC:World Bank,1999,No.2148.
[16]孙博文,李雪松,伍新木.社会资本的健康促进效应研究[J].中国人口科学,2016(6):98-106.
[17]邵德兴.政府干预、社会资本与新型农村合作医疗制度的创建[J].科学社会主义,2005(5):63-66.
[18]孙文凯,白重恩,谢沛初.户籍制度改革对中国农村劳动力流动的影响[J].经济研究,2011(1):28-41.
[19]白南生,李靖.农民工就业流动性研究[J].管理世界,2008(7):70-76.
[20]周光霞,林乐芬.城市集聚经济与劳动力流动-理论框架与实证研究[J].商业研究,2018(3):152-161.
[21]伍山林.农业劳动力流动对中国经济增长的贡献[J].经济研究,2016(2):97-110.
[22]ALKIRE S,FOSTER J.Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement[J].Journal of public economics,2011(7):476-487.
[23]谢家智,车四方.农村家庭多维贫困测度与分析[J].统计研究,2017(9):44-55.
[24]陆铭,张爽.劳动力流动对中国农村公共信任的影响[J].世界经济文汇,2008(4):76-87.
[25]ROZELLE S,TAYLOR J E,DEBRAUW A.Migration,Remittances,and agricultural productivity in China[J].American economic review,1999(2):287-291.
[26]KOENKER R,BASSETT G.Regression quantiles[J].Econometrica,1978(1):33-50.
[27]FROLICH M,MELLY B,Unconditional quantile treatment effects under endogeneity[J].Journal of business&economic statistics,2013(3):346-357.
[28]万海远,李实.户籍歧视对城乡收入差距的影响[J].经济研究,2013(9):43-55.
[29]谭燕芝,张子豪.社会网络、非正规金融与农户多维贫困[J].财经研究,2017(3):43-56.
(1)各维度的具体指标、指标解释与临界值可参考文献[23]。
(1)NaN表示不存在,因为当k较大时,发生多维贫困的农户减为0,即相关公式中分母会变为0。
(2)H表示多维贫困发生率,A表示农户多维贫困平均缺失份额,M0表示多维贫困指数。
(3)本文采用极大极小法对原始数据进行归一化处理,即Soc_j=(xii-xi min)/(x max-xi min)。这里xi min是指第i个变量原始数据中的最小值,xi max是指第i个变量原始数据中的最大值。
(1)本表是在分位点0.1、0.25、0.50、0.75和0.95处采用boostrap法重复400次所得的实证估计结果。
(1)qr_50表示0.50分位点,由于其它分位点处的估计结果和qr_50处的估计结果类似,为节省篇幅,故只报告了qr_50处的估计结果。
(1)由于因变量被替换成了一个二值离散变量,所以我们采用probit模型对其进行估计。
[2]GRANOVETTER M.Economic action and social structure:The problem of embeddedness[J].American journal of sociology,1985(3):481-510.
[3]GROOTAERT C,NARAYAN D,JONES V N,et al.Measuring social capital:An integrated questionnaire[J].World bank publications,2010(2):201-220.
[4]刘一伟,刁力.社会资本、非农就业与农村居民贫困[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2018(2):61-71.
[5]叶静怡,周晔馨.社会资本转换与农民工收入---来自北京农民工调查的证据[J].管理世界,2010(10):34-46.
[6]杨文,孙蚌珠,王学龙.中国农村家庭脆弱性的测量与分解[J].经济研究,2012(4):40-51.
[7]赵剑治,陆铭.关系对农村收入差距的贡献及其地区差异---一项基于回归的分解分析[J].经济学季刊,2010(1):363-390.
[8]GERTLER P,LEVINE D,MORETTI E.Is social capital the capital of the poor?The role of family and community in helping insure living standards against health shocks[J].CESifo economic studies,2006(3):455-499.
[9]周晔馨.社会资本是穷人的资本吗?---基于中国农户收入的经验证据[J].管理世界,2012(7):83-95.
[10]LEWIS W A.Economic development with unlimited supplies of labour[J].The manchester school,1954(2):139-191.
[11]ADAMS R H,PAGE J.Do international migration and remittances reduce poverty in developing countries?[J].World development,2005(10):1645-1669.
[12]NGUYEN C V,BERG M V D,LENSINK R.The impact of work and non-work migration on household welfare,poverty and inequality[J].Economics of transition,2011(4):771-799.
[13]樊士德,江克忠.中国农村家庭劳动力流动的减贫效应研究---基于CFPS数据的微观证据[J].中国人口科学,2016(5):26-34.
[14]谢家智,王文涛.社会结构变迁、社会资本转换与农户收入差距[J].中国软科学,2016(10):20-36.
[15]Grootaert C.Social capital,household welfare and poverty in Indonesia[J].Local level institutions working paper,Washington,DC:World Bank,1999,No.2148.
[16]孙博文,李雪松,伍新木.社会资本的健康促进效应研究[J].中国人口科学,2016(6):98-106.
[17]邵德兴.政府干预、社会资本与新型农村合作医疗制度的创建[J].科学社会主义,2005(5):63-66.
[18]孙文凯,白重恩,谢沛初.户籍制度改革对中国农村劳动力流动的影响[J].经济研究,2011(1):28-41.
[19]白南生,李靖.农民工就业流动性研究[J].管理世界,2008(7):70-76.
[20]周光霞,林乐芬.城市集聚经济与劳动力流动-理论框架与实证研究[J].商业研究,2018(3):152-161.
[21]伍山林.农业劳动力流动对中国经济增长的贡献[J].经济研究,2016(2):97-110.
[22]ALKIRE S,FOSTER J.Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement[J].Journal of public economics,2011(7):476-487.
[23]谢家智,车四方.农村家庭多维贫困测度与分析[J].统计研究,2017(9):44-55.
[24]陆铭,张爽.劳动力流动对中国农村公共信任的影响[J].世界经济文汇,2008(4):76-87.
[25]ROZELLE S,TAYLOR J E,DEBRAUW A.Migration,Remittances,and agricultural productivity in China[J].American economic review,1999(2):287-291.
[26]KOENKER R,BASSETT G.Regression quantiles[J].Econometrica,1978(1):33-50.
[27]FROLICH M,MELLY B,Unconditional quantile treatment effects under endogeneity[J].Journal of business&economic statistics,2013(3):346-357.
[28]万海远,李实.户籍歧视对城乡收入差距的影响[J].经济研究,2013(9):43-55.
[29]谭燕芝,张子豪.社会网络、非正规金融与农户多维贫困[J].财经研究,2017(3):43-56.
(1)各维度的具体指标、指标解释与临界值可参考文献[23]。
(1)NaN表示不存在,因为当k较大时,发生多维贫困的农户减为0,即相关公式中分母会变为0。
(2)H表示多维贫困发生率,A表示农户多维贫困平均缺失份额,M0表示多维贫困指数。
(3)本文采用极大极小法对原始数据进行归一化处理,即Soc_j=(xii-xi min)/(x max-xi min)。这里xi min是指第i个变量原始数据中的最小值,xi max是指第i个变量原始数据中的最大值。
(1)本表是在分位点0.1、0.25、0.50、0.75和0.95处采用boostrap法重复400次所得的实证估计结果。
(1)qr_50表示0.50分位点,由于其它分位点处的估计结果和qr_50处的估计结果类似,为节省篇幅,故只报告了qr_50处的估计结果。
(1)由于因变量被替换成了一个二值离散变量,所以我们采用probit模型对其进行估计。