真空断路器开断小电感电流下多次复燃现象的介质恢复过程分析
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摘要
真空断路器开断小电感电流产生的多次复燃过电压和介质恢复强度密切相关。因此需建立真空断路器切小感性电流负载的介质恢复微观参数模型,依据此模型得到负载电路参数对真空断路器切小感性电流复燃现象的影响规律。该研究建立了小电感电流真空开断过程的介质恢复鞘层发展模型,得到了介质恢复过程的鞘层发展速度、触头间隙中的电场强度、离子浓度和离子速度等微观参数。以临界击穿场强作为击穿判据,得到了负载电路参数对真空断路器切小感性电流复燃现象的影响规律:负载电容或电感越大,鞘层发展速度变慢,在阴极端产生的最大电场强度越小,因此复燃发生的危险越小,过电压变小;负载端等效电阻的增大会使高频电流幅值减小,从而开断电流减小,鞘层发展速度变慢,最大电场强度降低,因此复燃击穿次数减少。
Multiple re-ignition overvoltage is determined by dielectric recovery strength after interruption of small inductive currents in vacuum. We established a micro-physical model for small inductive current interruption in vacuum, with which the influence of load parameters on the re-ignitions can be determined, so as to reveal the sheath development process after interruption of small inductive current in vacuum. The following micro-parameters were determined, including the ion density, ion speed, development of electric field, and potential distribution under various TRVs. A critical electric field strength at the cathode was chosen as a criterion for the re-ignition. The simulation results show the following influence of load parameters on the re-ignitions of small current inductive current interruption in vacuum. A higher load capacitance or a higher load inductance will decrease the sheath development speed and the maximum field strength, which decreases the overvoltage and the risk of re-ignition. The sheath speed and the maximum field strength does not change with the increase of the equivalent resistance, but the load current decreases with the increase of the equivalent resistance. A lower load current reduces sheath velocity, which results in a lower maximum electric field strength. Therefore, it decreases the risk of re-ignition.
Multiple re-ignition overvoltage is determined by dielectric recovery strength after interruption of small inductive currents in vacuum. We established a micro-physical model for small inductive current interruption in vacuum, with which the influence of load parameters on the re-ignitions can be determined, so as to reveal the sheath development process after interruption of small inductive current in vacuum. The following micro-parameters were determined, including the ion density, ion speed, development of electric field, and potential distribution under various TRVs. A critical electric field strength at the cathode was chosen as a criterion for the re-ignition. The simulation results show the following influence of load parameters on the re-ignitions of small current inductive current interruption in vacuum. A higher load capacitance or a higher load inductance will decrease the sheath development speed and the maximum field strength, which decreases the overvoltage and the risk of re-ignition. The sheath speed and the maximum field strength does not change with the increase of the equivalent resistance, but the load current decreases with the increase of the equivalent resistance. A lower load current reduces sheath velocity, which results in a lower maximum electric field strength. Therefore, it decreases the risk of re-ignition.
引文
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[14]程显,廖敏夫,段雄英,等.基于光控真空断路器模块串联的126 kV三断口真空断路器设计与试验[J].高电压技术,2015,41(9):3110-3116.CHENG Xian,LIAO Minfu,DUAN Xiongying,et al.Design and experiment of 126 kV vacuum circuit breaker based on fiber-controlled vacuum interrupter modules in series[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(9):3110-3116.
[15]江文泉,李宏群,付军.真空开关重击穿现象的模拟试验研究[J].高压电器,1996(5):9-14.JIANG Wenquan,LI Hongqun,FU Jun.Analog tests on restrike phenomenon with vacuum interrupters[J].High Voltage Apparatus,1996(5):9-14
[16]INADA Y M,KUMADA S.Electrode material dependence of two-dimensional electron and vapour density distribution over vacuum arc discharge[J].Applied Physics,2017,121(10):103304.
[17]TAMAKI S,GANAHA K,OSHIRO R,et al.Dielectric recovery characteristics after high-frequency current interruption in vacuum circuit breaker[J].Electrical Engineering in Japan,2016,197(3):29-38.
[18]刘志远,王季梅,苑舜.真空灭弧室开断交流电流的物理过程和开断能力的数学评估[J].高压电器,1999,42(1):7-10.LIU Zhiyuan,WANG Jimei,YUAN Shun.Distinguishing process and interrupting ability mathematical evaluation of vacuum interrupter[J].High Voltage Apparatus,1999,42(1):7-10.
[19]ROWE S W,BOEUF J P.Simulation of plasma sheath dynamics in vacuum circuit breakers[C]∥20th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum.Tours,France:IEEE,2002:162-165.
[20]ROWE S W.Particle induced post arc breakdown in vacuum circuit breakers[C]∥19th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum.Xi’an,China:IEEE,2000:21-24.
[21]EDUARD F H,KLAUS D W,KLAUS F.Influence of Interrupted current amplitude on the post-arc current and gap recovery after current zero-experiment and simulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,1999,27(4):930-937.
[2]钱家骊,张节容,吉嘉琴.高压开关开合电容电流和小电感电流[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1999:203-214.QIAN Jiali,ZHANG Jierong,JI Jiaqin.Switching high voltage switch capacitive current and small inductive current[M].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Press,1999:203-214.
[3]HOLGER W.Reignition phenomena after high-frequency current interruption with short vacuum gaps[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,1999,227(4):944-948.
[4]GREENWOOD A.Electrical transients in power systems[M].New York,USA:Wiley-inter Science,1971.
[5]王季梅.真空电弧理论研究及其测试[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1993.WANG Jimei.Vacuum arc theory research and test[M].Xi’an,China:Xi’an Jiaotong University Press,1993.
[6]GLINKOWSKI M.Behavior of vacuum switching devices for short gaps[D].Ann Arbor,USA:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,1989:27-46.
[7]GLINKOWSKI M.Computer simulation of post-arc plasma behavior at short contact separation in vacuum[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,1989,17(1):45-50.
[8]NIAYESH K.Influence of electrode surface microstructures on the state of short vacuum gaps after interruption of high-frequency currents[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2000,33(1):2189-2191.
[9]NIAYESH K.Reignitions in short vacuum gaps after interruption of high-frequency currents caused by ion bombardment[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2001,29(1):69-74.
[10]邹积岩,程礼春,秦红三.真空开关介质强度的恢复的研究[J].华中科技大学学报:自然科学版,1990,18(4):9-14.ZOU Jiyan,CHENG Lichun,QIN Hongsan.An investigation on dielectric strength recovery of a vacuum switch[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology:Natural Science Edition,1990,18(4):9-14
[11]方春恩,邹积岩,丁富华.相控真空开关中短间隙电弧介质恢复研究[J].大连理工大学学报,2003,43(5):619-622.FANG Chun’en,ZOU Jiyan,DING Fuhua.Research on dielectric recovery of short gap arc in phasing vacuum switches[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2003,43(5):619-622.
[12]廖敏夫,段雄英,邹积岩,等.多断口真空开关的动态介质恢复及统计特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(2):82-87.LIAO Minfu,DUAN Xiongying,ZOU Jiyan,et al.Analysis of dynamic dielectric recovery and ststistical properties for vacuum circuit-breakers with multi-breaks[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2003,23(2):82-87.
[13]廖敏夫,段雄英,邹积岩.单断口和三断口串联真空灭弧室绝缘击穿统计特性[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(12):97-102.LIAO Minfu,DUAN Xiongying,ZOU Jiyan.Dielectric strength and statistical property of single and triple breaks vacuum interrupters in series[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(12):97-102.
[14]程显,廖敏夫,段雄英,等.基于光控真空断路器模块串联的126 kV三断口真空断路器设计与试验[J].高电压技术,2015,41(9):3110-3116.CHENG Xian,LIAO Minfu,DUAN Xiongying,et al.Design and experiment of 126 kV vacuum circuit breaker based on fiber-controlled vacuum interrupter modules in series[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(9):3110-3116.
[15]江文泉,李宏群,付军.真空开关重击穿现象的模拟试验研究[J].高压电器,1996(5):9-14.JIANG Wenquan,LI Hongqun,FU Jun.Analog tests on restrike phenomenon with vacuum interrupters[J].High Voltage Apparatus,1996(5):9-14
[16]INADA Y M,KUMADA S.Electrode material dependence of two-dimensional electron and vapour density distribution over vacuum arc discharge[J].Applied Physics,2017,121(10):103304.
[17]TAMAKI S,GANAHA K,OSHIRO R,et al.Dielectric recovery characteristics after high-frequency current interruption in vacuum circuit breaker[J].Electrical Engineering in Japan,2016,197(3):29-38.
[18]刘志远,王季梅,苑舜.真空灭弧室开断交流电流的物理过程和开断能力的数学评估[J].高压电器,1999,42(1):7-10.LIU Zhiyuan,WANG Jimei,YUAN Shun.Distinguishing process and interrupting ability mathematical evaluation of vacuum interrupter[J].High Voltage Apparatus,1999,42(1):7-10.
[19]ROWE S W,BOEUF J P.Simulation of plasma sheath dynamics in vacuum circuit breakers[C]∥20th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum.Tours,France:IEEE,2002:162-165.
[20]ROWE S W.Particle induced post arc breakdown in vacuum circuit breakers[C]∥19th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum.Xi’an,China:IEEE,2000:21-24.
[21]EDUARD F H,KLAUS D W,KLAUS F.Influence of Interrupted current amplitude on the post-arc current and gap recovery after current zero-experiment and simulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,1999,27(4):930-937.