青藏高原大气热力异常对西风急流的影响
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摘要
本文基于NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料,分析了对流层上层200 hPa纬向西风的时空变化特征,并通过EOF分解得到一个表征西风急流位置的指数(Westerly Jet Position Index,WJPI);同时基于对流层中上层(500～200 hPa)温度纬向偏差,构建了一个描述青藏高原(简称高原)大气热力特征的指标(Plateau Atmosphere Heating Index,PAHI),定量分析了该指数与西风急流位置的关系。结果表明:由冬到夏西风急流轴不断北抬西伸,风速逐渐减小;各季西风急流轴均处于西风变率的小值区,表明各季急流均轴的位置较稳定。各季PAHI与200 hPa纬向风的显著正相关区均分布在高原北侧,即高原PAHI增强时,其北侧西风增强,南侧西风减弱,对流层上层西风急流北移;各季WJPI与PAHI之间均存在显著相关,表明PAHI异常对西风急流位置的变化有重要作用。
Based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset from 1979 to 2014, the temporal and spatial characteristics of the 200 hPa zonal winds were analyzed. Through the EOF decomposition, an index presenting the Westerly Jet Position Index(WJPI) was obtained, and meanwhile the index describing the Atmospheric Heating over the Tibetan Plateau(PAHI) was also constructed based on the temperature zonal deviation at the upper-middle layer(500—200 hPa) of the troposphere. The relationship between PAHI and the westerly jet position was also quantitatively analyzed. Results show that the westerly jet axis gradually moves northward and westward from winter to summer, with decreasing wind speed. Westerly jet axes are always located in the small value area of the westerly variability in all seasons, suggesting that the jet position is relatively stable in every season. The significant positive correlation areas between PAHI and 200 hPa zonal winds in each season are located in the northern TP, indicating that strong PAHI gives rise to the strengthened westerly over the northern TP and the weakened westerly over the southern TP, and then the westerly jet in the upper tropospheric moves northward. The significant correlations between WJPI and PAHI exist in four seasons, which further demonstrates that PAHI anomaly play an important role in the position changes of the westerly jet.
Based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset from 1979 to 2014, the temporal and spatial characteristics of the 200 hPa zonal winds were analyzed. Through the EOF decomposition, an index presenting the Westerly Jet Position Index(WJPI) was obtained, and meanwhile the index describing the Atmospheric Heating over the Tibetan Plateau(PAHI) was also constructed based on the temperature zonal deviation at the upper-middle layer(500—200 hPa) of the troposphere. The relationship between PAHI and the westerly jet position was also quantitatively analyzed. Results show that the westerly jet axis gradually moves northward and westward from winter to summer, with decreasing wind speed. Westerly jet axes are always located in the small value area of the westerly variability in all seasons, suggesting that the jet position is relatively stable in every season. The significant positive correlation areas between PAHI and 200 hPa zonal winds in each season are located in the northern TP, indicating that strong PAHI gives rise to the strengthened westerly over the northern TP and the weakened westerly over the southern TP, and then the westerly jet in the upper tropospheric moves northward. The significant correlations between WJPI and PAHI exist in four seasons, which further demonstrates that PAHI anomaly play an important role in the position changes of the westerly jet.
引文
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[12] 张耀存,况雪源.一个气候系统模式FGCM0对东亚副热带西风急流季节变化的模拟.大气科学,2006,30(6):1177-1188.ZHANG Yaocun,KUANG Xueyuan.Simulation of seasonal variation of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet in a coupled climate system model FGCM0.Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese),2006,30(6):1177-1188.
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[17] 刘杰,况雪源,张耀存.对流层上层东半球副热带西风急流与副热带(南亚)高压的关系.气象科学,2010,30(1):34-41.LIU Jie,KUANG Xueyuan,ZHANG Yaocun.Relationship between the east Asia subtropical westerly jet in the upper troposphere and the subtropical south Asian high.Scientia Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese),2010,30(1):34-41.
[18] 李崇银,王作台,林士哲,等.东亚夏季风活动与东亚高空西风急流位置北跳关系的研究.大气科学,2004,28(5):641-658.LI Chongyin,WANG Joughtai,LIN Shizhe,et al.The relationship between East Asian summer monsoon activity and northward jump of the upper westerly jet location.Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese),2004,28(5):641-658.
[19] 况雪源,张耀存.东亚副热带西风急流季节变化特征及其热力影响机制探讨.气象学报,2006,64(5):564-575.KUANG Xueyuan,ZHANG Yaocun.The seasonal variation of the East Asian subtrpical westerly jet and its thermal mechanism.Acta Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese),2006,64(5):564-575.
[20] LI Xinzhou,LIU Xiaodong.Numerical simulation of Tibetan Plateau heating anomaly influence on westerly jet in spring.J.Earth Syst.Sci.,2015,124(8):1599-1607.
[21] 吴裴裴,周顺武,乔钰,等.青藏高原春夏季对流层温度异常特征.气象科技,2016,44(4):612-621.WU Peipei,ZHOU Shunwu,QIAO Yu,et al.Anomaly characteristics of spring and summer temperature in troposphere over Tibetan Plateau.Meteorological Science and Technology (in Chinese),2016,44(4):612-621.
[22] KUANG Xueyuan,ZHANG Yaocun.Seasonal variation of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet and its association with the heating field over East Asia.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,2005,22(6):831-840.
[23] Krishnamurti T N.The subtropical jet stream of winter.J.Meteor.,1961,18(2):172-191.
[24] 刘飞,何金海,董国青.东亚夏季西风急流变化与中国夏季降水的相关分析//中国气象学会2006年年会“季风及其模拟”分会场论文集.成都:中国气象学会,2006:138-152.LIU Fei,HE Jinhai,DONG Guoqing.Correlation analysis between the change of East Asia westerly jet and precipitation in China during summer//Proceedings of 2006 Annual Meeting of the Chinese Meteorological Society.Chengdu:Chinese Meteorological Society (in Chinese),2006:138-152.
[25] 黄安丽,高坤.对流层高、低空急流耦合作用的动力学分析.杭州大学学报,1982,9(3):356-364.HUANG Anli,GAO Kun.Dynamical analysis on the coupling of upper and lower tropospheric jet streaks.Journal of Hangzhou University (in Chinese),1982,9(3):356-364.
[26] LIN Zhongda,LU Riyu.Interannual meridional displacement of the East Asian upper-tropospheric jet stream in summer.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,2005,22(2):199-211.
[27] 杨莲梅,张庆云.夏季东亚西风急流Rossby波扰动异常与中国降水.大气科学,2007,31(4):586-595.YANG Lianmei,ZHANG Qingyun.Anomalous perturbation kinetic energy of Rossby wave along East Asian westerly jet and its association with summer rainfall in China.Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese),2007,31(4):586-595.
[28] 段安民,刘屹岷,吴国雄.4～6月青藏高原热状况与盛夏东亚降水和大气环流的异常.中国科学(D),2003,33(10):997-1004.DUAN Anmin,LIU Yimin,WU Guoxiong.Heating status of the Tibetan Plateau from April to June and rainfall and atmospheric circulation anomaly over East Asia in midsummer.Science in China Series D-Earth Sciences,2005,48(2):250-257.
[29] 吴国雄,刘屹岷,刘平.空间非均匀加热对副热带高压带形成和变异的影响I:尺度分析.气象学报,1999,57(3):257-263.WU Guoxiong,LIU Yimin,LIU Ping.The effect of spatially nonuniform heating on the formation and variation of subtropical high I:scale analysis.Acta Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese),1999,57(3):257-263.
[30] 刘屹岷,吴国雄,刘辉,等.空间非均匀加热对副热带高压形成和变异的影响III:凝结潜热加热与南亚高压及西太平洋副高.气象学报,1999,57(5):525-538.LIU Yimin,WU Guoxiong,LIU Hui,et al.The effect of spatially nonuniform heating on the formation and variation of subtropical high part III:condensation heating and South Asia high and western Pacific subtropical high.Acta Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese),1999,57(5):525-538.
[2] ZHAO Ping,CHEN Longxun.Interannual variability of atmospheric heat source/sink over the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau and its relation to circulation.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,2001,18(1):106-116.
[3] 段安民,吴国雄.7月青藏高原大气热源空间型及其与东亚大气环流和降水的相关研究.气象学报,2003,61(4):447-456.DUAN Anmin,WU Guoxiong.The main spatial heating patterns over the Tibetan Plateau in July and the corresponding distributions of circulation and precipitation over eastern Asia.Acta Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese),2003,61(4):447-456.
[4] 王跃男,张博,陈隆勋,等.夏季青藏高原大气热源与东亚大气热源及环流的关系.科学通报,2008,53(15):1842-1848.WANG Yuenan,ZHANG Bo,CHEN Longxun,et al.Relationship between the atmospheric heat source over Tibetan Plateau and the heat source and general circulation over East Asia.Chinese Science Bulletin,2008,53(21):3387-3394.
[5] Flohn H.Large-scale aspects of the “summer monsoon” in South and East Asia.J.Meteor.Soc.Japan,1957,75:180-186.
[6] Flohn H.Recent investigations on the mechanism of the “summer monsoon” of southern and eastern Asia//Delhi N.Monsoons of the World.India:Hindu Union Press,1960:75-88.
[7] 叶笃正,高由禧,周明煜,等.青藏高原气象学.北京:科学出版社,1979.YE Duzheng,GAO Youxi,ZHOU Mingyu,et al.Meteorology of Qinghai-Xizang plateau.Beijing:Science Press(in Chinese),1979.
[8] 李栋梁,季国良,吕兰芝.青藏高原地面加热场强度对北半球大气环流和中国天气气候异常的影响研究.中国科学(D辑),2001,31(S1):312-319.LI Dongliang,JI Guoliang,Lü Lanzhi.Impact of Tibetan Plateau surface heating field intensity on Northern Hemispherical general circulations and weather and the climate of China.Science in China Series D-Earth Sciences,2001,44(S1):390-399.
[9] 梁潇云,刘屹岷,吴国雄.青藏高原隆升对春、夏季亚洲大气环流的影响.高原气象,2005,24(6):837-845.LIANG Xiaoyun,LIU Yimin,WU Guoxiong.The impact of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau uplift on Asian general circulation in spring and summer.Plateau Meteorology (in Chinese),2005,24(6):837-845.
[10] 齐冬梅,李跃清,李英,等.夏季青藏高原东部大气热源变化及其对相邻区域气候的影响.干旱气象,2010,28(2):113-120.QI Dongmei,LI Yueqing,LI Ying,et al.Variation of atmospheric heat source over east of the Tibetan Plateau in summer and its influence on climate of surrounding region.Journal of Arid Meteorology (in Chinese),2010,28(2):113-120.
[11] 王群,周宏伟,周璇,等.春季青藏高原热力异常与前冬大气环流的关系.大气科学学报,2012,35(3):329-334.WANG Qun,ZHOU Hongwei,ZHOU Xuan,et al.Relationship of spring thermal anomaly over the Tibetan Plateau and the previous winter general circulation.Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese),2012,35(3):329-334.
[12] 张耀存,况雪源.一个气候系统模式FGCM0对东亚副热带西风急流季节变化的模拟.大气科学,2006,30(6):1177-1188.ZHANG Yaocun,KUANG Xueyuan.Simulation of seasonal variation of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet in a coupled climate system model FGCM0.Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese),2006,30(6):1177-1188.
[13] Schiemann R,Luthi D,Sch?r C.Seasonality and interannual variability of the westerly jet in the Tibetan Plateau region.J.Climate,2009,22(11):2940-2957.
[14] 申乐琳,何金海,陈隆勋,等.青藏高原热力状况对东亚夏季副热带西风急流的影响.气象与减灾研究,2009,32(1):25-31.SHEN Lelin,HE Jinhai,CHEN Longxun,et al.Thermal effect of Tibetan Plateau on East Asia subtropical westerly jet in summer.Meteorology and Disaster Reduction Research (in Chinese),2009,32(1):25-31.
[15] 钱永甫,颜宏,骆启仁,等.一个有大地形影响的初始方程数值予报模式.大气科学,1978,2(2):91-102.QIAN Yongfu,YAN Hong,LUO Qiren,et al.A P.E.numerical weather prediction model with large scale orography.Scientia Atmosphelica Sinica (in Chinese),1978,2(2):91-102.
[16] 况雪源,张耀存,刘健.对流层上层副热带西风急流与东亚冬季风的关系.高原气象,2008,27(4):701-712.KUANG Xueyuan,ZHANG Yaocun,LIU Jian.Relationship between subtropical upper-tropospheric westerly jet and East Asian Winter Monsoon.Plateau Meteorology (in Chinese),2008,27(4):701-712.
[17] 刘杰,况雪源,张耀存.对流层上层东半球副热带西风急流与副热带(南亚)高压的关系.气象科学,2010,30(1):34-41.LIU Jie,KUANG Xueyuan,ZHANG Yaocun.Relationship between the east Asia subtropical westerly jet in the upper troposphere and the subtropical south Asian high.Scientia Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese),2010,30(1):34-41.
[18] 李崇银,王作台,林士哲,等.东亚夏季风活动与东亚高空西风急流位置北跳关系的研究.大气科学,2004,28(5):641-658.LI Chongyin,WANG Joughtai,LIN Shizhe,et al.The relationship between East Asian summer monsoon activity and northward jump of the upper westerly jet location.Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese),2004,28(5):641-658.
[19] 况雪源,张耀存.东亚副热带西风急流季节变化特征及其热力影响机制探讨.气象学报,2006,64(5):564-575.KUANG Xueyuan,ZHANG Yaocun.The seasonal variation of the East Asian subtrpical westerly jet and its thermal mechanism.Acta Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese),2006,64(5):564-575.
[20] LI Xinzhou,LIU Xiaodong.Numerical simulation of Tibetan Plateau heating anomaly influence on westerly jet in spring.J.Earth Syst.Sci.,2015,124(8):1599-1607.
[21] 吴裴裴,周顺武,乔钰,等.青藏高原春夏季对流层温度异常特征.气象科技,2016,44(4):612-621.WU Peipei,ZHOU Shunwu,QIAO Yu,et al.Anomaly characteristics of spring and summer temperature in troposphere over Tibetan Plateau.Meteorological Science and Technology (in Chinese),2016,44(4):612-621.
[22] KUANG Xueyuan,ZHANG Yaocun.Seasonal variation of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet and its association with the heating field over East Asia.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,2005,22(6):831-840.
[23] Krishnamurti T N.The subtropical jet stream of winter.J.Meteor.,1961,18(2):172-191.
[24] 刘飞,何金海,董国青.东亚夏季西风急流变化与中国夏季降水的相关分析//中国气象学会2006年年会“季风及其模拟”分会场论文集.成都:中国气象学会,2006:138-152.LIU Fei,HE Jinhai,DONG Guoqing.Correlation analysis between the change of East Asia westerly jet and precipitation in China during summer//Proceedings of 2006 Annual Meeting of the Chinese Meteorological Society.Chengdu:Chinese Meteorological Society (in Chinese),2006:138-152.
[25] 黄安丽,高坤.对流层高、低空急流耦合作用的动力学分析.杭州大学学报,1982,9(3):356-364.HUANG Anli,GAO Kun.Dynamical analysis on the coupling of upper and lower tropospheric jet streaks.Journal of Hangzhou University (in Chinese),1982,9(3):356-364.
[26] LIN Zhongda,LU Riyu.Interannual meridional displacement of the East Asian upper-tropospheric jet stream in summer.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,2005,22(2):199-211.
[27] 杨莲梅,张庆云.夏季东亚西风急流Rossby波扰动异常与中国降水.大气科学,2007,31(4):586-595.YANG Lianmei,ZHANG Qingyun.Anomalous perturbation kinetic energy of Rossby wave along East Asian westerly jet and its association with summer rainfall in China.Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese),2007,31(4):586-595.
[28] 段安民,刘屹岷,吴国雄.4～6月青藏高原热状况与盛夏东亚降水和大气环流的异常.中国科学(D),2003,33(10):997-1004.DUAN Anmin,LIU Yimin,WU Guoxiong.Heating status of the Tibetan Plateau from April to June and rainfall and atmospheric circulation anomaly over East Asia in midsummer.Science in China Series D-Earth Sciences,2005,48(2):250-257.
[29] 吴国雄,刘屹岷,刘平.空间非均匀加热对副热带高压带形成和变异的影响I:尺度分析.气象学报,1999,57(3):257-263.WU Guoxiong,LIU Yimin,LIU Ping.The effect of spatially nonuniform heating on the formation and variation of subtropical high I:scale analysis.Acta Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese),1999,57(3):257-263.
[30] 刘屹岷,吴国雄,刘辉,等.空间非均匀加热对副热带高压形成和变异的影响III:凝结潜热加热与南亚高压及西太平洋副高.气象学报,1999,57(5):525-538.LIU Yimin,WU Guoxiong,LIU Hui,et al.The effect of spatially nonuniform heating on the formation and variation of subtropical high part III:condensation heating and South Asia high and western Pacific subtropical high.Acta Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese),1999,57(5):525-538.