红松优树半同胞子代家系生长、结实及抗病虫能力的变异特征
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摘要
以吉林省露水河宏伟种子园的551个优株29年生红松半同胞子代家系为材料,对其生长性状(树高、胸径、冠幅)、结实性状(连续7个结实年份的球果总数)和抗病虫能力进行调查,利用多性状综合评价的方法,结合生长、结实和抗病虫能力等6个性状,优选出优良家系和单株.结果表明:各性状在不同家系间和区组间的差异均达到极显著水平;各性状的表型变异系数变化范围为13.9%～61.0%,极显著的差异与高的变异系数有利于优良家系的评价和选择;材积、结实量和抗病虫能力的家系遗传力(分别为0.47、0.52和0.48)均大于单株遗传力(分别为0.37、0.07和0.10);红松家系生长性状、结实性状和抗病虫能力之间呈极显著正相关关系.以5%的入选率初步选出28个优良家系,其材积、结实量和抗病虫能力的遗传增益分别为16.8%、71.4%和0.5%;以2%的入选率在优良家系中初步选出7个优良单株,其材积、结实量和抗病虫能力的遗传增益分别为66.8%、80.9%和0.7%.这些初选的优良家系和单株表现出明显优势,可指导无性系种子园去劣疏伐,并为高世代种子园的营建提供繁殖材料.
We investigated the growth traits(tree height, diameter at the breast, crown diameter), fruiting traits(total number of cones in 7 consecutive fruiting years) and resistance to disease and insect of 551 half-sib families of Pinus koraiensis superior trees in 29-year-old in Hongwei seed orchard of Lushuihe, Jilin Province, with the method of multi-trait comprehensive evaluation and combining with six traits. The results showed that all the traits were significantly different among different families or blocks. Phenotypic variation coefficient of different traits ranged from 13.9% to 61.0%. The extremely significant difference and high variation coefficients were beneficial for elite families evaluation and selection. The family heritability of volume, seed yield and resistance to disease and insect(the values were 0.47, 0.52, 0.48, respectively) were higher than single plant heritability(the values were 0.37, 0.07, 0.10, respectively). There was a extremely significant positive correlation between growth traits, fruiting traits and resistance to disease and insect. 28 elite families were selected with a selection rate of 5%, with the genetic gains of volume, seed yield and resistance to disease and insect being 16.8%, 71.4% and 0.5%, respectively. Seven elite individuals were selected from the elite families with a selection rate of 2%, with the genetic gains of volume, seed yield and resistance to disease and insect being 66.8%, 80.9% and 0.7%, respectively. These elite families and individual plants showed obvious advantages, which could guide the thinning of clonal seed orchards and provide breeding materials for the construction of high-generation seed orchards.
We investigated the growth traits(tree height, diameter at the breast, crown diameter), fruiting traits(total number of cones in 7 consecutive fruiting years) and resistance to disease and insect of 551 half-sib families of Pinus koraiensis superior trees in 29-year-old in Hongwei seed orchard of Lushuihe, Jilin Province, with the method of multi-trait comprehensive evaluation and combining with six traits. The results showed that all the traits were significantly different among different families or blocks. Phenotypic variation coefficient of different traits ranged from 13.9% to 61.0%. The extremely significant difference and high variation coefficients were beneficial for elite families evaluation and selection. The family heritability of volume, seed yield and resistance to disease and insect(the values were 0.47, 0.52, 0.48, respectively) were higher than single plant heritability(the values were 0.37, 0.07, 0.10, respectively). There was a extremely significant positive correlation between growth traits, fruiting traits and resistance to disease and insect. 28 elite families were selected with a selection rate of 5%, with the genetic gains of volume, seed yield and resistance to disease and insect being 16.8%, 71.4% and 0.5%, respectively. Seven elite individuals were selected from the elite families with a selection rate of 2%, with the genetic gains of volume, seed yield and resistance to disease and insect being 66.8%, 80.9% and 0.7%, respectively. These elite families and individual plants showed obvious advantages, which could guide the thinning of clonal seed orchards and provide breeding materials for the construction of high-generation seed orchards.
引文
[1] Zhang Z (张振),Zhang H-G (张含国),Zhou Y (周宇),et al.Variation of seed characters in Korean pine ( Pinus koraiensis ) multi-clonal populations.Journal of Beijing Forestry University (北京林业大学学报),2015,37(2):67-78 (in Chinese)
[2] Ma J-L (马建路),Zhuang L-W (庄丽文),Chen D (陈动),et al.Geographical distribution of Pinus koraiensis.Journal of Northeast Forestry University (东北林业大学学报),1992,20(5):40-47 (in Chinese)
[3] Liang D-Y (梁德洋),Jin Y-Z (金允哲),Zhao G-H (赵光浩),et al.Variance analyses of growth and wood characteristics of 50 Pinus koraiensis clones.Journal of Beijing Forestry University (北京林业大学学报),2016,38(6):51-59 (in Chinese)
[4] Qu H-J (屈红军),Hou Q-J (候庆娟),Zhang R (张冉),et al.Effect factors and prediction method of corn production of Pinus koraiensis.Seed (种子),2015,34(1):71-73 (in Chinese)
[5] Li Z-M (李哲敏).Nutrition and health function of pine nut.Dairy Industry in China (中国乳业),2001(7):23-24 (in Chinese)
[6] Han N-L (韩宁林).Pine seed resources worthy of attention.Journal of Forestry Engineering (林业工程学报),1996(4):12-13 (in Chinese)
[7] Zhen YW,Zhi RN.Effects of unsaturated fatty acids of Pinus koraiensis on lipid metabolism and brain function in obese rats.Acta Nutrimenta Sinica,2008,30:547-550
[8] Su XY,Wan ZY,Liu JR.In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of Pinus koraiensis seed extract containing phenolic compounds.Food Chemistry,2009,117:681-686
[9] Zhao G-H (赵光浩),Leng W-W (冷伟伟),Zhang T (张腾),et al.Variance analysis of growth traits of 51 Pinus koraiensis seedling families.Bulletin of Bota-nical Research(植物研究),2018,38(4):590-596 (in Chinese)
[10] Sun W-S (孙文生).Study on Management Techniques of Korean pine Seed Orchard for High Genetic Quality and Ample Production of Seeds.PhD Thesis.Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2006 (in Chinese)
[11] Wang F,Zhang QH,Tian YG,et al.Comprehensive assessment of growth traits and wood properties in half-sib Pinus koraiensis families.Euphytica,2018,214:202-216
[12] Jiang G-Y (姜国云),Jiang L-P (蒋路平),Song S-L (宋双林),et al.Genetic variance analysis and excellent fruit-timber families selection of half-sib Pinus koraiensis.Bulletin of Botanical Research (植物研究),2018,38(5):775-784 (in Chinese)
[13] Wang B-Y (王璧莹),Zhao X-Y (赵曦阳),Wang H-W (王洪武),et al.Variance analysis of growth characteristics of 30 Pinus koraiensis half-sib families.Journal of Northeast Forestry University(东北林业大学学报),2019,47(4):8-11 (in Chinese)
[14] Wang Z-H (王卓晖),Hao X-F (郝雪峰),Hu X-G (胡兴国),et al.Family selection of Pinus koraiensis based on growth and fructification.Journal of Beihua University (北华大学学报),2019,20(1):26-32 (in Chinese)
[15] Tan J-C (谭济才),Deng X (邓欣).Mechanism of plant resistance to disease and insect and selection and breeding of tea trees.Guizhou Tea (贵州茶叶),1994(3):13-16 (in Chinese)
[16] Rawat N,Pumphrey MO,Liu S,et al.Wheat Fhb1 encodes a chimeric lectin with agglutinin domains and a pore-forming toxin-like domain conferring resistance to Fusarium head blight.Nature Genetics,2016,48:1576-1580
[17] Steuernagel B,Periyannan SK,Hernandez P,et al.Rapid cloning of disease-resistance genes in plants using mutagenesis and sequence capture.Nature Biotechnology,2016,34:652-655
[18] Li X-L (李雪玲),Li Y (厉云),Zhang T-Y (张天宇).Resistance screening and identification of cotton cultivars to Verticillium wilt disease.Plant Protection (植物保护),2003,29(3):18-20 (in Chinese)
[19] Dong H-Y (董怀玉),Jiang Y (姜钰),Xu X-D (徐秀德),et al.Identification and screening of excellent germplasm resources of Sorghum bicolor resistance to disease and insecet.Rain Fed Crops (杂粮作物),2003,23(2):82-84 (in Chinese)
[20] Tang W-H (唐威华),Leng B (冷冰),He Z-H (何祖华).Plant resistance to disease and insect.Plant Physiology Journal (植物生理学报),2017,53(8):1333-1336 (in Chinese)
[21] Yang Y-L (杨燕林),Kai X (开学),He J-W (和加卫),et al.Study on vitality disease resistance and insects pest resistance of fine varieties of raspberry and local wild species.Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences (西南农业学报),2008,21(6):1667-1370 (in Chinese)
[22] Zhang Z (张振),Zhang H-G (张含国),Zhang L (张磊).Age variations in productivity and family selection of open-pollinated families of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis).Bulletin of Botanical Research (植物研究),2016,36(2):305-309 (in Chinese)
[23] Hai PH,Jansson G,Harwood C,et al.Genetic variation in growth,stem straightness and branch thickness in clonal trials of Acacia auriculiformis at three contrasting sites in Vietnam.Forest Ecology and Management,2008,255:156-167
[24] Xie X-M (解孝满),Li J-T (李景涛),Zhao H-E (赵合娥).Genetic determination and selection of willow clones at seedling stage.Journal of Jiangsu Forestry Science & Technology (江苏林业科技),2008,35(3):6-14 (in Chinese)
[25] Zhao XY,Xia H,Wang XW,et al.Variance and stability analyses of growth characters in half-sib Betula platyphylla families at three different sites in China.Euphtyica,2016,208:173-186
[26] Chen X-Y (陈晓阳),Shen X-H (沈熙环).Tree Breeding.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2005 (in Chinese)
[27] Mwase WF,Savill PS,Hemery G.Genetic parameter estimates for growth and form traits in common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in a breeding seedling orchard at little witten ham in England.New Forests,2008,36:225-238
[28] Si D-J (司冬晶),Zhang X-X (张鑫鑫),Han D-Y (韩冬云),et al.Variance analysis and growth model building of H and DBH of Poplar clones at different sites.Bulletin of Botanical Research (植物研究),2016,36(4):588-595 (in Chinese)
[29] Yin S-P (尹绍鹏),Zhao G-H (赵国辉),Xia H (夏辉),et al.Study on progeny test of half-sibs families in Larix olgensis.Journal of Southwest Forestry University (西南林业大学学报),2016,36(1):63-68 (in Chinese)
[30] Zhang C (张超),Zhang H-G (张含国),Zhu H-Y (朱航勇),et al.Carbon storage genetic variation of Japanse larch families and selection of superior families.Journal of Central South University of Forestry and Technology (中南林业科技大学学报),2011,31(10):53-62 (in Chinese)
[31] Su S-D (苏顺德),Huang D-L (黄德龙),Wei Y-P (魏永平),et al.Genetic variation and selection of the resin-yielding capacity of open-pollinated families of masson pine.Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology (福建林业科技),2017,44(2):1-6 (in Chinese)
[32] Hou Y-M (候义梅),Li S-Y (李时元),Yang N-Y (杨年友).Research on provenance test of open-pollinated Larix kaempferi family.Hubei Forestry Technology (湖北林业科技),2006,137(1):4-7 (in Chinese)
[33] Huang S-X (黄寿先),Zhou C-M (周传明),Zhu L-Q (朱栗琼),et al.Study on the genetic variation of growth traits and wood properties for Chinese fir half-sib families.Guihaia (广西植物),2004,24(6):535-539 (in Chinese)
[34] Liang DY,Ding CJ,Zhao GH,et al.Variation and selection analysis of Pinus koraiensis clones in northeast China.Journal of Forestry Research,2018,29:611-622
[35] Wang G-Y (王国义),Zhang S-H (张淑华),Ning Y-P (宁依萍),et al.Synthetic analysis on multi-site determination of filial generation for Korean pine elite tree.Journal of Northeast Forestry University (东北林业大学学报),2000,28 (3):51-53 (in Chinese)
[36] Zhang F-S (张福生),Wang G-Y (王国义),Ning Y-P (宁依萍),et al.The genetic test of fast-growing characters and hereditary selection for height growth of Pinus koraiensis filial generation.Journal of Northeast Forestry University (东北林业大学学报),2003,31(4):68-69 (in Chinese)
[37] Pan L (潘龙),Li Y-X (李永霞),Liu Z-K (刘振凯),et al.Isolation and identification of pine wood nematode in Pinus koraiensis in Fengcheng,Liaoning Province.Forest Pest and Disease (中国森林病虫),2018,doi:org/10.19688/j.cnki.issn1671-0886.20180021 (in Chinese)
[38] Liang D-Y (梁德洋),Jin Y-Z (金允哲),Zhao G-H (赵光浩),et al.Variance analyses of growth and wood characteristics of 50 Pinus koraiensis clones.Journal of Beijing Forestry University (北京林业大学学报),2016,38(6):51-59 (in Chinese)
[39] Qi J-M (祁建民),Zhou D-X (周东新),Wu W-R (吴为人),et al.Application of ISSR technology in genetic diversity detection of Jute.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2003,14(9):1473-1477 (in Chinese)
[40] Jiang Z-H (蒋子涵),Jin G-Z (金光泽).Effects of selective cutting on intra- and interspecies competitions among major tree species in mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2010,21(9):2179-2186 (in Chinese)
[41] Yang X-Y (杨秀艳),Sun X-M (孙晓梅),Zhang S-G (张守供),et al.Development of EST-SSR markers and genetic diversity analysis of the second cycle elite population in Larix kaempferi.Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学),2011,47(11):51-58 (in Chinese)
[42] Yuan H-W (袁虎威),Wang X-F (王晓飞),Du Q-P (杜清平),et al.BWB-assisted plus tree selection and deployment design for bulked progenies of the first-cycle Chinese pine seed orchard.Journal of Beijing Forestry University (北京林业大学学报),2017,39(11):28-34 (in Chinese)
[2] Ma J-L (马建路),Zhuang L-W (庄丽文),Chen D (陈动),et al.Geographical distribution of Pinus koraiensis.Journal of Northeast Forestry University (东北林业大学学报),1992,20(5):40-47 (in Chinese)
[3] Liang D-Y (梁德洋),Jin Y-Z (金允哲),Zhao G-H (赵光浩),et al.Variance analyses of growth and wood characteristics of 50 Pinus koraiensis clones.Journal of Beijing Forestry University (北京林业大学学报),2016,38(6):51-59 (in Chinese)
[4] Qu H-J (屈红军),Hou Q-J (候庆娟),Zhang R (张冉),et al.Effect factors and prediction method of corn production of Pinus koraiensis.Seed (种子),2015,34(1):71-73 (in Chinese)
[5] Li Z-M (李哲敏).Nutrition and health function of pine nut.Dairy Industry in China (中国乳业),2001(7):23-24 (in Chinese)
[6] Han N-L (韩宁林).Pine seed resources worthy of attention.Journal of Forestry Engineering (林业工程学报),1996(4):12-13 (in Chinese)
[7] Zhen YW,Zhi RN.Effects of unsaturated fatty acids of Pinus koraiensis on lipid metabolism and brain function in obese rats.Acta Nutrimenta Sinica,2008,30:547-550
[8] Su XY,Wan ZY,Liu JR.In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of Pinus koraiensis seed extract containing phenolic compounds.Food Chemistry,2009,117:681-686
[9] Zhao G-H (赵光浩),Leng W-W (冷伟伟),Zhang T (张腾),et al.Variance analysis of growth traits of 51 Pinus koraiensis seedling families.Bulletin of Bota-nical Research(植物研究),2018,38(4):590-596 (in Chinese)
[10] Sun W-S (孙文生).Study on Management Techniques of Korean pine Seed Orchard for High Genetic Quality and Ample Production of Seeds.PhD Thesis.Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2006 (in Chinese)
[11] Wang F,Zhang QH,Tian YG,et al.Comprehensive assessment of growth traits and wood properties in half-sib Pinus koraiensis families.Euphytica,2018,214:202-216
[12] Jiang G-Y (姜国云),Jiang L-P (蒋路平),Song S-L (宋双林),et al.Genetic variance analysis and excellent fruit-timber families selection of half-sib Pinus koraiensis.Bulletin of Botanical Research (植物研究),2018,38(5):775-784 (in Chinese)
[13] Wang B-Y (王璧莹),Zhao X-Y (赵曦阳),Wang H-W (王洪武),et al.Variance analysis of growth characteristics of 30 Pinus koraiensis half-sib families.Journal of Northeast Forestry University(东北林业大学学报),2019,47(4):8-11 (in Chinese)
[14] Wang Z-H (王卓晖),Hao X-F (郝雪峰),Hu X-G (胡兴国),et al.Family selection of Pinus koraiensis based on growth and fructification.Journal of Beihua University (北华大学学报),2019,20(1):26-32 (in Chinese)
[15] Tan J-C (谭济才),Deng X (邓欣).Mechanism of plant resistance to disease and insect and selection and breeding of tea trees.Guizhou Tea (贵州茶叶),1994(3):13-16 (in Chinese)
[16] Rawat N,Pumphrey MO,Liu S,et al.Wheat Fhb1 encodes a chimeric lectin with agglutinin domains and a pore-forming toxin-like domain conferring resistance to Fusarium head blight.Nature Genetics,2016,48:1576-1580
[17] Steuernagel B,Periyannan SK,Hernandez P,et al.Rapid cloning of disease-resistance genes in plants using mutagenesis and sequence capture.Nature Biotechnology,2016,34:652-655
[18] Li X-L (李雪玲),Li Y (厉云),Zhang T-Y (张天宇).Resistance screening and identification of cotton cultivars to Verticillium wilt disease.Plant Protection (植物保护),2003,29(3):18-20 (in Chinese)
[19] Dong H-Y (董怀玉),Jiang Y (姜钰),Xu X-D (徐秀德),et al.Identification and screening of excellent germplasm resources of Sorghum bicolor resistance to disease and insecet.Rain Fed Crops (杂粮作物),2003,23(2):82-84 (in Chinese)
[20] Tang W-H (唐威华),Leng B (冷冰),He Z-H (何祖华).Plant resistance to disease and insect.Plant Physiology Journal (植物生理学报),2017,53(8):1333-1336 (in Chinese)
[21] Yang Y-L (杨燕林),Kai X (开学),He J-W (和加卫),et al.Study on vitality disease resistance and insects pest resistance of fine varieties of raspberry and local wild species.Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences (西南农业学报),2008,21(6):1667-1370 (in Chinese)
[22] Zhang Z (张振),Zhang H-G (张含国),Zhang L (张磊).Age variations in productivity and family selection of open-pollinated families of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis).Bulletin of Botanical Research (植物研究),2016,36(2):305-309 (in Chinese)
[23] Hai PH,Jansson G,Harwood C,et al.Genetic variation in growth,stem straightness and branch thickness in clonal trials of Acacia auriculiformis at three contrasting sites in Vietnam.Forest Ecology and Management,2008,255:156-167
[24] Xie X-M (解孝满),Li J-T (李景涛),Zhao H-E (赵合娥).Genetic determination and selection of willow clones at seedling stage.Journal of Jiangsu Forestry Science & Technology (江苏林业科技),2008,35(3):6-14 (in Chinese)
[25] Zhao XY,Xia H,Wang XW,et al.Variance and stability analyses of growth characters in half-sib Betula platyphylla families at three different sites in China.Euphtyica,2016,208:173-186
[26] Chen X-Y (陈晓阳),Shen X-H (沈熙环).Tree Breeding.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2005 (in Chinese)
[27] Mwase WF,Savill PS,Hemery G.Genetic parameter estimates for growth and form traits in common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in a breeding seedling orchard at little witten ham in England.New Forests,2008,36:225-238
[28] Si D-J (司冬晶),Zhang X-X (张鑫鑫),Han D-Y (韩冬云),et al.Variance analysis and growth model building of H and DBH of Poplar clones at different sites.Bulletin of Botanical Research (植物研究),2016,36(4):588-595 (in Chinese)
[29] Yin S-P (尹绍鹏),Zhao G-H (赵国辉),Xia H (夏辉),et al.Study on progeny test of half-sibs families in Larix olgensis.Journal of Southwest Forestry University (西南林业大学学报),2016,36(1):63-68 (in Chinese)
[30] Zhang C (张超),Zhang H-G (张含国),Zhu H-Y (朱航勇),et al.Carbon storage genetic variation of Japanse larch families and selection of superior families.Journal of Central South University of Forestry and Technology (中南林业科技大学学报),2011,31(10):53-62 (in Chinese)
[31] Su S-D (苏顺德),Huang D-L (黄德龙),Wei Y-P (魏永平),et al.Genetic variation and selection of the resin-yielding capacity of open-pollinated families of masson pine.Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology (福建林业科技),2017,44(2):1-6 (in Chinese)
[32] Hou Y-M (候义梅),Li S-Y (李时元),Yang N-Y (杨年友).Research on provenance test of open-pollinated Larix kaempferi family.Hubei Forestry Technology (湖北林业科技),2006,137(1):4-7 (in Chinese)
[33] Huang S-X (黄寿先),Zhou C-M (周传明),Zhu L-Q (朱栗琼),et al.Study on the genetic variation of growth traits and wood properties for Chinese fir half-sib families.Guihaia (广西植物),2004,24(6):535-539 (in Chinese)
[34] Liang DY,Ding CJ,Zhao GH,et al.Variation and selection analysis of Pinus koraiensis clones in northeast China.Journal of Forestry Research,2018,29:611-622
[35] Wang G-Y (王国义),Zhang S-H (张淑华),Ning Y-P (宁依萍),et al.Synthetic analysis on multi-site determination of filial generation for Korean pine elite tree.Journal of Northeast Forestry University (东北林业大学学报),2000,28 (3):51-53 (in Chinese)
[36] Zhang F-S (张福生),Wang G-Y (王国义),Ning Y-P (宁依萍),et al.The genetic test of fast-growing characters and hereditary selection for height growth of Pinus koraiensis filial generation.Journal of Northeast Forestry University (东北林业大学学报),2003,31(4):68-69 (in Chinese)
[37] Pan L (潘龙),Li Y-X (李永霞),Liu Z-K (刘振凯),et al.Isolation and identification of pine wood nematode in Pinus koraiensis in Fengcheng,Liaoning Province.Forest Pest and Disease (中国森林病虫),2018,doi:org/10.19688/j.cnki.issn1671-0886.20180021 (in Chinese)
[38] Liang D-Y (梁德洋),Jin Y-Z (金允哲),Zhao G-H (赵光浩),et al.Variance analyses of growth and wood characteristics of 50 Pinus koraiensis clones.Journal of Beijing Forestry University (北京林业大学学报),2016,38(6):51-59 (in Chinese)
[39] Qi J-M (祁建民),Zhou D-X (周东新),Wu W-R (吴为人),et al.Application of ISSR technology in genetic diversity detection of Jute.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2003,14(9):1473-1477 (in Chinese)
[40] Jiang Z-H (蒋子涵),Jin G-Z (金光泽).Effects of selective cutting on intra- and interspecies competitions among major tree species in mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2010,21(9):2179-2186 (in Chinese)
[41] Yang X-Y (杨秀艳),Sun X-M (孙晓梅),Zhang S-G (张守供),et al.Development of EST-SSR markers and genetic diversity analysis of the second cycle elite population in Larix kaempferi.Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学),2011,47(11):51-58 (in Chinese)
[42] Yuan H-W (袁虎威),Wang X-F (王晓飞),Du Q-P (杜清平),et al.BWB-assisted plus tree selection and deployment design for bulked progenies of the first-cycle Chinese pine seed orchard.Journal of Beijing Forestry University (北京林业大学学报),2017,39(11):28-34 (in Chinese)