辫状河三角洲与曲流河三角洲沉积特征分析——以塔北隆起西部卡普沙良群为例
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摘要
根据岩心、测井、粒度分析及岩石薄片等资料,研究早白垩世塔北隆起西部卡普沙良群发育的辫状河三角洲与曲流河三角洲沉积特征及其差异性,建立研究区卡普沙良群沉积模式。结果表明:研究区可识别出辫状河三角洲和曲流河三角洲相,以及分流河道、决口扇、水下分流河道、河口坝和分流间湾等微相。辫状河三角洲是古隆起斜坡带辫状河直接入湖形成的,发育范围与隆起规模有关;曲流河三角洲是研究区东南部远源曲流河入湖形成的,向湖盆方向推进较远。两类三角洲沉积特征差异明显,其中辫状河三角洲含杂色砾岩,发育各种交错层理,成分成熟度较低;曲流河三角洲发育层理类型多样,成分成熟度较高,形成具"二元结构"和缺"二元结构"两种沉积序列。曲流河三角洲砂体的储集物性优于辫状河三角洲砂体的,是研究区后续勘探的重点储集砂体。
Based on the data of cores,well logging,granularity analysis and thin sections,the sedimentary characteristics of the braided river delta and meandering river delta having developed in the early Cretaceous Kapushaliang group in the western Tabei uplift have been studied.The differences in their sedimentary characteristics are analyzed,then the depositional model of the Kapushaliang group in the study area is established.The result shows:We can identify two types facies of braided river delta and meandering river delta,and some micro facies as distributary channel,burst fan sediment,subaqueous distributary channel,mouth bar and interdistributary bay in the study area.Braided river deltas are formed by braided river running into the lake along the slope zone and its range is related to the scale of the paleo uplift.Meandering river deltas are formed by meandering river flowing into the lake far away in the southeastern part of the study area.The sedimentary features differences between braided river deltas and meandering river deltas are obvious.Variegated conglomerates and diverse cross beddings were well developed in braided river deltas,which have low component maturity.Two types of sedimentary sequence with binary-structured and without binary-structured were formed in meandering river deltas,which contains various beddings and high component maturity.The reservoir property of sand bodies of meandering river deltas is better than braided river delta sand bodies,so it is one of the important reservoir sands for subsequent exploration in this study area.
Based on the data of cores,well logging,granularity analysis and thin sections,the sedimentary characteristics of the braided river delta and meandering river delta having developed in the early Cretaceous Kapushaliang group in the western Tabei uplift have been studied.The differences in their sedimentary characteristics are analyzed,then the depositional model of the Kapushaliang group in the study area is established.The result shows:We can identify two types facies of braided river delta and meandering river delta,and some micro facies as distributary channel,burst fan sediment,subaqueous distributary channel,mouth bar and interdistributary bay in the study area.Braided river deltas are formed by braided river running into the lake along the slope zone and its range is related to the scale of the paleo uplift.Meandering river deltas are formed by meandering river flowing into the lake far away in the southeastern part of the study area.The sedimentary features differences between braided river deltas and meandering river deltas are obvious.Variegated conglomerates and diverse cross beddings were well developed in braided river deltas,which have low component maturity.Two types of sedimentary sequence with binary-structured and without binary-structured were formed in meandering river deltas,which contains various beddings and high component maturity.The reservoir property of sand bodies of meandering river deltas is better than braided river delta sand bodies,so it is one of the important reservoir sands for subsequent exploration in this study area.
引文
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[11]李维锋,高振中,彭德堂,等.库车坳陷中生界三种类型三角洲的比较研究[J].沉积学报,1999,17(3):430-434.Li Weifeng,Gao Zhenzhong,Peng Detang,et al.Comparative Study of fan deltas,braided river deltas and meandering river deltas of Mesozoic erathem in Kuche depression,Tarim basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1999,17(3):430-434.
[12]朱如凯,高志勇,郭宏莉,等.塔里木盆地北部白垩系-古近系不同段、带沉积体系比较研究[J].沉积学报,2007,25(3):325-331.Zhu Rukai,Gao Zhiyong,Guo Hongli,et al.Comparasion of different segmentations and zones during Cretaceous and Paleogene in north Tarim basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2007,25(3):325-331.
[13]刘磊,钟怡江,陈洪德,等.中国东部箕状断陷湖盆扇三角洲与辫状河三角洲对比研究[J].沉积学报,2015,33(6):1170-1181.Liu Lei,Zhong Yijiang,Chen Hongde,et al.Contrastive research of fan deltas and braided river deltas in half-graben rift lake basin in east China[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2015,33(6):1170-1181.
[14]朱筱敏,潘荣,赵东娜,等.湖盆浅水三角洲形成发育与实例分析[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2013,37(5):7-14.Zhu Xiaoming,Pan Rong,Zhao Dongna,et al.Formation and development of shallow-water deltas in lacustrine basin and typical case analyses[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2013,37(5):7-14.
[15]邹才能,赵文智,张兴阳,等.大型敞流坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲与湖盆中心砂体的形成与分布[J].地质学报,2008,82(6):813-825.Zou Caineng,Zhao Wenzhi,Zhang Xingyang,et al.Formation and distribution of shallow-water deltas and central-basin sandbodies in large open depression lake basins[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(6):813-825.
[16]Zhu Xiaomin,Zeng Hongliu,Li Shunli,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and seismic geomorphologic responses of a shallow-water delta in the Qingshankou formation from the Songliao basin,China[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,2017,79:131-148.
[17]郭颖,罗子金,杨勇.干旱气候环境下小型冲积扇—辫状河沉积特征——以坎苏瓦特剖面紫泥泉子组为例[J].东北石油大学学报,2017,41(6):1-8.Guo Ying,Luo Zijin,Yang Yong.Arid climate alluvial fan-braided river system deposition:A case of Ziniquanzi formation in Kansuwate outcrop[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2017,41(6):1-8.
[18]林潼,冉启贵,曾旭,等.库车坳陷油气有序聚集规律及其勘探意义[J].新疆石油地质,2015,36(3):270-276.Lin Tong,Ran Qigui,Zeng Xu,et al.Petroleum"orderly accumulation"regularity and exploration significance in Kuqa depression,Tarim basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2015,36(3):270-276.
[19]安海亭,李海银,王建忠,等.塔北地区构造和演化特征及其对油气成藏的控制[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):142-147.An Haiting,Li Haiyin,Wang Jianzhong,et al.Tectonic evolution and its controlling on oil and gas accumulation in the northern Tarim basin[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2009,33(1):142-147.
[20]李曰俊,杨海军,张光亚,等.重新划分塔里木盆地塔北隆起的次级构造单元[J].岩石学报,2012,28(8):2466-2478.Li Yuejun,Yang Haijun,Zhang Guangya,et al.Redivision of thetectonic units of Tabei rise in Tarim basin,NW China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2012,28(8):2466-2478.
[21]王改云,王英民,廖飞燕,等.阿克库勒地区白垩系层序地层样式及油气勘探有利区带预测[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2010,40(5):996-1003.Wang Gaiyun,Wang Yingmin,Liao Feiyan,et al.Sequencestratigraphic pattern and forecast of favorable zones for hydrocarbon exploration of Cretaceous in Akekule area[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2010,40(5):996-1003.
[22]严德天,王华,王家豪,等.库车前陆盆地白垩系层序地层样式及控制因素分析[J].沉积学报,2006,24(6):841-848.Yan Detian,Wang Hua,Wang Jiahao,et al.Analysis of the Cretaceous sequencestratigraphic pattern and controlling factors in Kuqa foreland basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(6):841-848.
[2]林畅松,王清华,肖建新,等.库车坳陷白垩纪沉积层序构成及充填响应模式[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2004,34(增刊1):74-82.Lin Changsong,Wang Qinghua,Xiao Jianxin,et al.Depositional sequence architecture and filling response model of the Cretaceous in the Kuqa depression,the Tarim basin[J].Science China(D:Earth Science),2004,34(Supp.1):74-82.
[3]贾进华.塔里木盆地早白垩世沉积相特征与古地理[J].古地理学报,2009,11(2):167-176.Jia Jinhua.Sedimentary characteristics and palaeogeography of the early Cretaceous in Tarim basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2009,11(2):167-176.
[4]梅冥相,于炳松,靳卫广.塔里木盆地库车坳陷白垩纪层序地层格架及古地理演化[J].古地理学报,2004,6(3):261-278.Mei Mingxiang,Yu Bingsong,Jin Weiguang.Sequence stratigraphic framework and palaeogeography evolution of the Cretaceous in Kuqa depression,Tarim basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2004,6(3):261-278.
[5]钟国城,韩强,蒲仁海,等.新和南部地区白垩系地震烃类检测与有利区预测[J].特种油气藏,2017,24(1):58-63.Zhong Guocheng,Han Qiang,Pu Renhai,et al.Seismic hydrocarbons detection and prediction of favorable targets in Cretaceous formations in southern parts of Xinhe area[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2017,24(1):58-63.
[6]赵敖山,丁勇,赵胜利.塔北沙西—轮台地区亚格列木组砂岩沉积相及储层评价[J].新疆地质,1999,17(3):263-269.Zhao Aoshan,Ding Yong,Zhao Shengli.Sedimentary faceis and reservoir evaluation of the sandstone of Yageliemu formation from Shaxi-Luntai zone of northern Tarim basin[J].Xinjiang Geology,1999,17(3):263-269.
[7]王英民,王改云,张雷,等.雅克拉地区下白垩统亚格列木组沉积特征及主控因素[J].断块油气田,2011,18(3):293-296.Wang Yingmin,Wang Gaiyun,Zhang Lei,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and main controlling factors of lower Cretaceous Yageliemu formationin Yakela area[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2011,18(3):293-296.
[8]刘永福,赵建华,范秋海,等.塔北隆起中部白垩系卡普沙良群层序地层格架及沉积体系研究[J].沉积学报,2014,32(6):1113-1122.Liu Yongfu,Zhao Jianhua,Fan Qiuhai,et al.Study on the sequence stratigraphy and depositional systems of the Kapushaliang group of Cretaceous in the central Tabei uplift[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(6):1113-1122.
[9]刘勇,王振宇,马青.英买力地区白垩系沉积特征及沉积相类型[J].新疆石油地质,2007,28(1):20-24.Liu Yong,Wang Zhenyu,Ma Qing.Characteristics and types of sedimentary facies of Cretaceous in Yinmaili area[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2007,28(1):20-24.
[10]徐桂芬,林畅松,刘永福,等.塔北西部早白垩世卡普沙良群沉积期古隆起演化及其对沉积的控制作用[J].地球科学,2016,41(4):619-632.Xu Guifen,Lin Changsong,Liu Yongfu,et al.Evolution of palaeo-uplift and its controlling on sedimentation of Kapushaliang group of early Cretaceous in western Tabei uplift[J].Earth Science,2016,41(4):619-632.
[11]李维锋,高振中,彭德堂,等.库车坳陷中生界三种类型三角洲的比较研究[J].沉积学报,1999,17(3):430-434.Li Weifeng,Gao Zhenzhong,Peng Detang,et al.Comparative Study of fan deltas,braided river deltas and meandering river deltas of Mesozoic erathem in Kuche depression,Tarim basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1999,17(3):430-434.
[12]朱如凯,高志勇,郭宏莉,等.塔里木盆地北部白垩系-古近系不同段、带沉积体系比较研究[J].沉积学报,2007,25(3):325-331.Zhu Rukai,Gao Zhiyong,Guo Hongli,et al.Comparasion of different segmentations and zones during Cretaceous and Paleogene in north Tarim basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2007,25(3):325-331.
[13]刘磊,钟怡江,陈洪德,等.中国东部箕状断陷湖盆扇三角洲与辫状河三角洲对比研究[J].沉积学报,2015,33(6):1170-1181.Liu Lei,Zhong Yijiang,Chen Hongde,et al.Contrastive research of fan deltas and braided river deltas in half-graben rift lake basin in east China[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2015,33(6):1170-1181.
[14]朱筱敏,潘荣,赵东娜,等.湖盆浅水三角洲形成发育与实例分析[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2013,37(5):7-14.Zhu Xiaoming,Pan Rong,Zhao Dongna,et al.Formation and development of shallow-water deltas in lacustrine basin and typical case analyses[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2013,37(5):7-14.
[15]邹才能,赵文智,张兴阳,等.大型敞流坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲与湖盆中心砂体的形成与分布[J].地质学报,2008,82(6):813-825.Zou Caineng,Zhao Wenzhi,Zhang Xingyang,et al.Formation and distribution of shallow-water deltas and central-basin sandbodies in large open depression lake basins[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(6):813-825.
[16]Zhu Xiaomin,Zeng Hongliu,Li Shunli,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and seismic geomorphologic responses of a shallow-water delta in the Qingshankou formation from the Songliao basin,China[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,2017,79:131-148.
[17]郭颖,罗子金,杨勇.干旱气候环境下小型冲积扇—辫状河沉积特征——以坎苏瓦特剖面紫泥泉子组为例[J].东北石油大学学报,2017,41(6):1-8.Guo Ying,Luo Zijin,Yang Yong.Arid climate alluvial fan-braided river system deposition:A case of Ziniquanzi formation in Kansuwate outcrop[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2017,41(6):1-8.
[18]林潼,冉启贵,曾旭,等.库车坳陷油气有序聚集规律及其勘探意义[J].新疆石油地质,2015,36(3):270-276.Lin Tong,Ran Qigui,Zeng Xu,et al.Petroleum"orderly accumulation"regularity and exploration significance in Kuqa depression,Tarim basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2015,36(3):270-276.
[19]安海亭,李海银,王建忠,等.塔北地区构造和演化特征及其对油气成藏的控制[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):142-147.An Haiting,Li Haiyin,Wang Jianzhong,et al.Tectonic evolution and its controlling on oil and gas accumulation in the northern Tarim basin[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2009,33(1):142-147.
[20]李曰俊,杨海军,张光亚,等.重新划分塔里木盆地塔北隆起的次级构造单元[J].岩石学报,2012,28(8):2466-2478.Li Yuejun,Yang Haijun,Zhang Guangya,et al.Redivision of thetectonic units of Tabei rise in Tarim basin,NW China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2012,28(8):2466-2478.
[21]王改云,王英民,廖飞燕,等.阿克库勒地区白垩系层序地层样式及油气勘探有利区带预测[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2010,40(5):996-1003.Wang Gaiyun,Wang Yingmin,Liao Feiyan,et al.Sequencestratigraphic pattern and forecast of favorable zones for hydrocarbon exploration of Cretaceous in Akekule area[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2010,40(5):996-1003.
[22]严德天,王华,王家豪,等.库车前陆盆地白垩系层序地层样式及控制因素分析[J].沉积学报,2006,24(6):841-848.Yan Detian,Wang Hua,Wang Jiahao,et al.Analysis of the Cretaceous sequencestratigraphic pattern and controlling factors in Kuqa foreland basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(6):841-848.