MMC高速模型在仿真换流阀内故障时的适用性分析
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摘要
戴维南等效的模块化多电平换流器(modular multi-level converter, MMC)电磁暂态高速仿真模型(以下简称"高速模型")在仿真阀内故障时存在一定误差。为此,首先研究常见的阀内故障类型,分析各种故障下的放电通路;然后利用PSCAD/EMTDC软件,搭建半桥型MMC详细模型和基于戴维南等效的MMC高速模型的49电平双端MMC-HVDC测试系统,通过对2种模型的故障仿真结果对比,得到高速模型的仿真相对误差大小与短路电阻的关系;最后得出换流阀内部故障下MMC高速模型的适用性以及短路电阻的临界值。认为:当桥臂间阀内短路故障和两相虚短点短路故障严重时,若短路电阻低于50Ω,则高速模型精度较差;当短路电路高于50Ω或桥臂内阀内短路故障较轻时,高速模型仿真精度较高。
There are errors with the electromagnetic transient high-speed simulation model of modular multilevel converter(MMC) based on Thevenin equivalent in simulating internal valve faults. Therefore, this paper firstly studies usual internal valve fault types and analyzes discharge paths under various faults. Then by using PSCAD/EMTDC software, it establishes a half-bridge MMC model and 49 level point-to-point MMC-HVDC test system for MMC high-speed model based on Thevenin equivalent. By comparing simulation results of two models, it obtains relationship between relative errors and short-circuit resistance of the high-speed model. Finally, it obtains applicability of the MMC high-speed model under the internal fault of the converter valve and critical valve of short-circuit resistance. It considers that as internal valve short-circuit faults among bridge arms and short-circuit faults of two phase are serious and short-circuit resistance is lower than 50 Ω, precision of the high-speed model is poor,while as short-circuit resistance is higher than 50 Ω or internal valve short-circuit faults in bridge arms are lighter, simulation precision is higher.
There are errors with the electromagnetic transient high-speed simulation model of modular multilevel converter(MMC) based on Thevenin equivalent in simulating internal valve faults. Therefore, this paper firstly studies usual internal valve fault types and analyzes discharge paths under various faults. Then by using PSCAD/EMTDC software, it establishes a half-bridge MMC model and 49 level point-to-point MMC-HVDC test system for MMC high-speed model based on Thevenin equivalent. By comparing simulation results of two models, it obtains relationship between relative errors and short-circuit resistance of the high-speed model. Finally, it obtains applicability of the MMC high-speed model under the internal fault of the converter valve and critical valve of short-circuit resistance. It considers that as internal valve short-circuit faults among bridge arms and short-circuit faults of two phase are serious and short-circuit resistance is lower than 50 Ω, precision of the high-speed model is poor,while as short-circuit resistance is higher than 50 Ω or internal valve short-circuit faults in bridge arms are lighter, simulation precision is higher.
引文
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[13]王玉婷,李鹏.基于PSCAD/EMTDC自定义建模的MMC电磁暂态仿真技术[J].高压电器,2017,53(10):170-177.WANG Yuting,LI Peng.Technique of electromagnetic transient simulation based on the user-defined model of PSCAD/EMTDC for MMC[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2017,53(10):170-177.
[14]祁秋玲,竺庆茸,黄文杰,等.模块化多电平换流器电磁暂态建模研究[J].南京工程学院学报,2017,15(2):78-84.QI Qiuling,ZHU Qingrong,HUANG Wenjie,et al.Research on electromagnetic transient modeling of modular multilevel converters[J].Journal of Nanjing Institute of Technology,2017,15(2):78-84.
[15]SAAD H D,MAHSEREDJIAN S,DELARUE J,et al.Modular multilevel converter models for electromagnetic transients[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(3):1481-1489.
[16]徐雨哲,徐政,张哲任,等.基于LCC和混合型MMC的混合直流输电系统控制策略[J].广东电力,2018,31(9):13-25.XU Yuzhe,XU Zheng,ZHANG Zheren,et al.Control strategy for hybrid HVDC transmission system based on LCC and hybrid MMC[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2018,31(9):13-25.
[17]夏成军,刘志江,杜兆斌.基于变目标控制的MMC-HVDC控制策略[J].电力工程技术,2018,37(3):7-13,54.XIA Chengjun,LIU Zhijiang,DU Zhaobin.MMC-HVDC control strategy based on variable target control[J].Electric Power Engineering Technology,2018,37(3):7-13,54.
[18]GNANARATHNA U N,GOLE A M,JAYASINGHE R P.Efficient modeling of modular multilevel HVDC converters(MMC)on electromagnetic transient simulation programs[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2011,26(1):316-324.
[19]侯婷,饶宏,许树楷,等.基于MMC的柔性直流输电换流阀型式试验方案[J].电力建设,2014,35(12):61-66.HOU Ting,RAO Hong,XU Shukai,et al.Valve type test scheme for flexible DC transmission system based on MMC[J].Electric Power Construction,2014,35(12):61-66.
[20]张虹,葛得初,白洋.基于循环寻优的模块化多电平换流器模型预测控制[J].电工电能新技术,2018,37(2):9-18.ZHANG Hong,GE Dechu,BAI Yang.Model predictive control of modular multilevel converter based on loop optimization[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy,2018,37(2):9-18.
[2]徐政,张哲任,刘高任.柔性直流输电网的电压控制原理研究[J].电力工程技术,2017,36(1):54-59.XU Zheng,ZHANG Zheren,LIU Gaoren.Research on voltage control principle of flexible DC transmission power grid[J].Electric Power Engineering Technology,2017,36(1):54-59.
[3]曾丹,姚建国,杨胜春,等.柔性直流输电不同电压等级的经济性比较[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(20):98-102.ZENG Dan,YAO Jianguo,YANG Shengchun,et al.Economy comparison of VSC-HVDC with different voltage levels[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(20):98-102.
[4]庄卫金,王艳,孙名扬,等.±500 kV多端柔性直流输电系统监视功能设计[J].电力工程技术,2017,36(3):38-43,56.ZHUANG Weijin,WANG Yan,SUN Mingyang,et al.Monitoring solutions for a±500 k V multi-terminal VSC-HVDC transmission system[J].Electric Power Engineering Technology,2017,36(3):38-43,56.
[5]刘黎,俞兴伟,乔敏.直流断路器及阻尼快速恢复系统在舟山多端柔性直流输电工程中的应用[J].浙江电力,2018,37(9):8-13.LIU Li,YU Xingwei,QIAO Min.Application of DC circuit breaker and damping fast recovery system in multiterminal flexible DC transmission project in Zhoushan[J].Zhejiang Electric Power,2018,37(9):8-13.
[6]GLINKA M,MARQUARDT R.A new AC/AC multilevel converter family[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2005,52(3):45-54.
[7]HERTEM D V,GHANDHARI M.Multiterminal VSC HVDC for the European supergrid obstacles[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2010,14(9):3156-3163.
[8]赵禹辰,徐义良,赵成勇,等.单端口子模块MMC电磁暂态通用等效建模方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(16):4658-4667.ZHAO Yuchen,XU Yiliang,ZHAO Chengyong,et al.Generalized electromagnetic transient equivalent modeling of MMC with arbitrary single-port sub-module structures[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(16):4658-4667.
[9]BUCHER M K,FRANCK C M.Contribution of fault currentsourcesin multiterminal HVDC cable networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(3):1796-1803.
[10]许建中,李承昱,熊岩,等.模块化多电平换流器高效建模方法研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(13):3381-3392.XU Jianzhong,LI Chengyu,XIONG Yan,et al.A review of efficient modeling methods for modular multilevel converters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(13):3381-3392.
[11]XU Jianzhong,ZHAO Chengyong,LIU Wenjing,et al.Accelerated model of modular multilevel converters in PSCAD/EMTDC[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(1):129-136.
[12]董毅峰,王彦良,韩佶,等.电力系统高效电磁暂态仿真技术综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(8):2213-2231.DONG Yifeng,WANG Yanliang,HAN Ji,et al.Review of high efficiency digital electromagnetic transient simulation technology in power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(8):2213-2231.
[13]王玉婷,李鹏.基于PSCAD/EMTDC自定义建模的MMC电磁暂态仿真技术[J].高压电器,2017,53(10):170-177.WANG Yuting,LI Peng.Technique of electromagnetic transient simulation based on the user-defined model of PSCAD/EMTDC for MMC[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2017,53(10):170-177.
[14]祁秋玲,竺庆茸,黄文杰,等.模块化多电平换流器电磁暂态建模研究[J].南京工程学院学报,2017,15(2):78-84.QI Qiuling,ZHU Qingrong,HUANG Wenjie,et al.Research on electromagnetic transient modeling of modular multilevel converters[J].Journal of Nanjing Institute of Technology,2017,15(2):78-84.
[15]SAAD H D,MAHSEREDJIAN S,DELARUE J,et al.Modular multilevel converter models for electromagnetic transients[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(3):1481-1489.
[16]徐雨哲,徐政,张哲任,等.基于LCC和混合型MMC的混合直流输电系统控制策略[J].广东电力,2018,31(9):13-25.XU Yuzhe,XU Zheng,ZHANG Zheren,et al.Control strategy for hybrid HVDC transmission system based on LCC and hybrid MMC[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2018,31(9):13-25.
[17]夏成军,刘志江,杜兆斌.基于变目标控制的MMC-HVDC控制策略[J].电力工程技术,2018,37(3):7-13,54.XIA Chengjun,LIU Zhijiang,DU Zhaobin.MMC-HVDC control strategy based on variable target control[J].Electric Power Engineering Technology,2018,37(3):7-13,54.
[18]GNANARATHNA U N,GOLE A M,JAYASINGHE R P.Efficient modeling of modular multilevel HVDC converters(MMC)on electromagnetic transient simulation programs[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2011,26(1):316-324.
[19]侯婷,饶宏,许树楷,等.基于MMC的柔性直流输电换流阀型式试验方案[J].电力建设,2014,35(12):61-66.HOU Ting,RAO Hong,XU Shukai,et al.Valve type test scheme for flexible DC transmission system based on MMC[J].Electric Power Construction,2014,35(12):61-66.
[20]张虹,葛得初,白洋.基于循环寻优的模块化多电平换流器模型预测控制[J].电工电能新技术,2018,37(2):9-18.ZHANG Hong,GE Dechu,BAI Yang.Model predictive control of modular multilevel converter based on loop optimization[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy,2018,37(2):9-18.