深层气井定产试采施工冻堵问题处理及预防方法
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摘要
庆深气田深层气井试气施工中,平均每年都会出现10井次以上的因水合物冻堵而关井的现象,造成试气资料录取不准,还延长了施工进度,增加了施工成本和施工风险。为此,以多次发生水合物冻堵的深层气井——SS103H井为切入点,在地面试气流程中加入加热炉和保温管线,采用油嘴管汇、分离器二级节流降压,提高油嘴管汇下游与分离器之间的压力至10 MPa,在井口和油嘴管汇上游处注入乙二醇防冻堵剂,向除砂器砂筒内倒入乙二醇防冻堵剂至出气口位置,从而顺利完成了该井的试采施工。现场应用结果表明防止水合物冻堵的具体措施:①施工前做出冻堵预判,选择合理的工作制度及地面试气流程;②做好保温措施以及注入防冻堵剂的准备;③采用逐级降压法,并结合二级或三级节流降压法进行试气施工,从而保证试气施工的顺利进行。该施工措施为庆深气田的深入勘探、开发打下了良好的基础,为防止水合物冻堵提供了技术支撑。
For some deep gas wells in Qingshen gasfield, during their well test, well shut in caused by hydrate freezing happened over10 well times annually in average, which might result in inaccurate recording of well test data, delay a construction schedule, and increase construction costs and risks. SS103H well, a deep gas well which has suffered hydrate freezing for many times, was taken as example. Heaters and insulated pipelines were added into the process of ground well test. The two-stage throttling depressurization of choke manifold and separator was adopted to increase pressure difference between downstream of choke manifold and separator to 10 MPa. Glycol anti-freezing agent was injected at wellhead and manifold upstream. This agent was injected into sand cylinder of desander until it reached to gas exit. Thus, the production test of SS103 H well was completed smoothly. Some measures against hydrate freezing are made, including,(1) to prejudge the freezing before construction, and to select rational working system and ground well test process;(2) to take some insulation measures and to make good preparation for injecting anti-freezing agent; and(3) to adopt one method of stepwise depressurization and another method of two-stage or three-stage throttling depressurization during well test to keep it smoothly. These construction measures lay the solid foundation for thorough exploration and development of Qingshen gasfield, and provide the technical support for preventing hydrate freezing.
For some deep gas wells in Qingshen gasfield, during their well test, well shut in caused by hydrate freezing happened over10 well times annually in average, which might result in inaccurate recording of well test data, delay a construction schedule, and increase construction costs and risks. SS103H well, a deep gas well which has suffered hydrate freezing for many times, was taken as example. Heaters and insulated pipelines were added into the process of ground well test. The two-stage throttling depressurization of choke manifold and separator was adopted to increase pressure difference between downstream of choke manifold and separator to 10 MPa. Glycol anti-freezing agent was injected at wellhead and manifold upstream. This agent was injected into sand cylinder of desander until it reached to gas exit. Thus, the production test of SS103 H well was completed smoothly. Some measures against hydrate freezing are made, including,(1) to prejudge the freezing before construction, and to select rational working system and ground well test process;(2) to take some insulation measures and to make good preparation for injecting anti-freezing agent; and(3) to adopt one method of stepwise depressurization and another method of two-stage or three-stage throttling depressurization during well test to keep it smoothly. These construction measures lay the solid foundation for thorough exploration and development of Qingshen gasfield, and provide the technical support for preventing hydrate freezing.
引文
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[15]刘东明,王瑞莲,刘萍.南约洛坦采气厂冬季冻堵预防及应对措施分析[J].天然气勘探与开发,2015,38(4):60-64.Liu Dongming,Wang Ruilian&Liu Ping.Prevention and countermeasures for freezing and blocking of south Yolotan Gas Production Plant in winter[J].Natural Gas Exploration&Development,2015,38(4):60-64.
[2]胡威.输气管线中水化物的形成及预防[J].化学工程与装备,2009(12):57-58.Hu Wei.Formation and prevention of hydrate in gas pipeline[J].Chemical Engineering&Equipment,2009(12):57-58.
[3]杜卫刚.天然气水合物试采技术[J].油气井测试,2019,28(1):20-24.Du Weigang.Gas hydrate trial production technology[J].Well Testing,2019,28(1):20-24.
[4]吴德宝.大庆探区深层气井试气水化物预防处理工艺技术[J].西部探矿工程,2018,30(2):47-48.Wu Debao.Prevention and treatment technology of gas hydrate from deep gas well test in Daqing exploration area[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2018,30(2):47-48.
[5]郑哲敏.关于天然气水合物开发工程科学研究的一点认识[J].中国科学:物理学力学天文学,2019,49(3):5-6.Zheng Zhemin.Some knowledge about the scientific research of natural gas hydrate development engineering[J].Scientla Sinica Physica,Mechanica&Astronomica,2019,49(3):5-6.
[6]李建.深层气井稳定生产时间确定及试气求产方式选择[J].石化技术,2015,22(8):219.Li Jian.Determination of stable production time of deep gas well and selection of gas test and production method[J].Petrochemical Industry Technology,2015,22(8):219.
[7]袁野.预防输气管道水化物的措施分析[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,2012,33(15):284.Yuan Ye.Analysis of measures to prevent hydrate in gas pipeline[J].China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality,2012,33(15):284.
[8]郝春山,张中伟.文23块气田水化物堵塞及预防措施[J].断块油气田,1995,2(1):52-53.Hao Chunshan&Zhang Zhongwei.Hydrate plugging and preventive measures in Wen 23 fault-block gas field[J].FaultBlock Oil&Gas Field,1995,2(1):52-53.
[9]李宝君.大庆深层气井试气油嘴的选择与产量预测[J].油气井测试,2009,18(3):36-38.Li Baojun.Selection and production prediction of test nozzles for deep gas wells in Daqing[J].Well Testing,2009,18(3):36-38.
[10]田玉宝,阎振奎.输气管道水化物堵塞的预防和处理[J].油气储运,2001,20(5):34-36.Tian Yubao&Yan Zhenkui.Prevention and treatment of hydrate blockage in gas pipeline[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2001,20(5):34-36.
[11]杨宝君,罗勇,孙维田.气井试气的结冻机理及其防冻措施[J].油田地面工程,1991,10(5):70-72.Yang Baojun,Luo Yong&Sun Weitian.Freezing mechanism and freeze-prevention measures of pilot gas wells[J].Oil-Gas field Surface Engineering,1991,10(5):70-72.
[12]赵学宾.天然气试气过程中水合物预防问题研究[J].石化技术,2017,24(12):120.Zhao Xuebin.Study on hydrate prevention during natural gas test[J].Petrochemical Industry Technology,2017,24(12):120.
[13]魏永忠.天然气试气过程中水合物预防问题的探讨[J].内蒙古石油化工,2016,42(5):42-43.Wei Yongzhong.Discussion on hydrate prevention during gas test[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2016,42(5):42-43.
[14]李建明,李海涛.大庆深层气井严寒季节试气方法讨论[J].油气井测试,2014,23(1):33-34.Li Jianming&Li Haitao.Discussion on gas test method for deep gas wells in Daqing in cold season[J].Well Testing,2014,23(1):33-34.
[15]刘东明,王瑞莲,刘萍.南约洛坦采气厂冬季冻堵预防及应对措施分析[J].天然气勘探与开发,2015,38(4):60-64.Liu Dongming,Wang Ruilian&Liu Ping.Prevention and countermeasures for freezing and blocking of south Yolotan Gas Production Plant in winter[J].Natural Gas Exploration&Development,2015,38(4):60-64.