马尾松林冠下套种阔叶树对林下植被的影响
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摘要
为探讨马尾松套种阔叶树的林相改造后林下植被的变化规律,在马尾松林分中间伐套种不同阔叶树种,对套种20 a后的林分林下植被进行全面调查。结果表明:套种20 a后,没有套种的马尾松林分林下基本上保持原有的以芒萁和竹类为主的植被,而有套种3种阔叶树的林分林下植被变化较大,原有的植被基本消失,取代的则是较耐荫的1、2年生草本植物及蕨类。套种20 a后,马尾松林分林下植被种数增加,林下植被生物量大大减少。抚育对马尾松林分林下植被有较大的影响,套种3种阔叶树林分经过抚育后其林下植被芒萁和竹类新出的株数均显著高于没有抚育的林分,有抚育的林分新出的芒萁和竹类株数随着时间的推移呈现出下降的趋势。马尾松套种阔叶树林分的下层林冠对林下植被有较大影响,套种后6～8 a,套种3种阔叶树林分林下芒萁和竹类新出的株数均显著低于没有套种的林分,有套种的林分芒萁和竹类新出的株数随着时间的推移呈现出下降的趋势。
We studied changes in the understorey vegetation during Pinus massoniana forest transformation. After 20 years of restoration, Pinus massoniana forest stands without interplanting essentially maintained the original vegetation, dominated by ferns and bamboos, while the vegetation under 3 kinds of interplanted broad-leaved trees showed considerable changes. The original vegetation, which was dominated by Dicranopteris dichotoma and bamboo, was largely lost, replaced by more shade-tolerant species and annual or biennial herbs and ferns. After 20 years of interplanting, the number of understorey species increased, the biomass of understorey vegetation was significantly lower in interplanted stands. Tending had a significant influence on the main understorey vegetation, Dicranopteris dichotoma and bamboo, in the Pinus massoniana stand interplanted with 3 broad-leaved tree species, the number of new plants was significantly higher after tending than in stands without tending, in tended forest stands, the number of Dicranopteris dichotoma plants showed a downward trend over time. Interplanting with broad-leaved trees had a significant influence on the understorey vegetation. After 6 to 8 years, the number of new bamboos and rayons of Pinus massoniana stands interplanted with broad-leaved tree species were significantly lower than that of stands with no interplanting, the number of new plants in the intercropping stands tended to decrease over time.
We studied changes in the understorey vegetation during Pinus massoniana forest transformation. After 20 years of restoration, Pinus massoniana forest stands without interplanting essentially maintained the original vegetation, dominated by ferns and bamboos, while the vegetation under 3 kinds of interplanted broad-leaved trees showed considerable changes. The original vegetation, which was dominated by Dicranopteris dichotoma and bamboo, was largely lost, replaced by more shade-tolerant species and annual or biennial herbs and ferns. After 20 years of interplanting, the number of understorey species increased, the biomass of understorey vegetation was significantly lower in interplanted stands. Tending had a significant influence on the main understorey vegetation, Dicranopteris dichotoma and bamboo, in the Pinus massoniana stand interplanted with 3 broad-leaved tree species, the number of new plants was significantly higher after tending than in stands without tending, in tended forest stands, the number of Dicranopteris dichotoma plants showed a downward trend over time. Interplanting with broad-leaved trees had a significant influence on the understorey vegetation. After 6 to 8 years, the number of new bamboos and rayons of Pinus massoniana stands interplanted with broad-leaved tree species were significantly lower than that of stands with no interplanting, the number of new plants in the intercropping stands tended to decrease over time.
引文
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[2]陈彩虹,田大伦,方晰,等.城郊4种人工林林下植被物种多样性、生物量与土壤养分相关性[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(6):213-217.
[3]崔宁洁,张丹桔,刘洋,等.不同林龄马尾松人工林林下植物多样性与土壤理化性质[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(10):2 610-2 617.
[4]洪宜聪.马尾松闽粤栲异龄复层混交林的林分特征及涵养水源能力[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(4):53-59.
[5]吴载璋.疏伐强度对马尾松套种阔叶树林分生长的影响[J].福建林业科技,2018,45(1):53-57,106.
[6]詹学齐.马尾松林冠下套种阔叶树20年间土壤肥力变化[J].北京林业大学学报,2018,40(6):55-62.
[7]陈绍栓,许建伟,吴载璋,等.不同强度疏伐改造对马尾松林分水源涵养功能时空格局的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(20):6 753-6 760.
[8]詹学齐.马尾松公益林林冠下套种阔叶树后林分生态功能评价研究[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),2018,34(3):71-77.
[9]吴载璋.马尾松套种细柄阿丁枫对林分涵养水源功能的影响[J].亚热带农业研究,2016,12(3):181-186.
[10]林开敏,马祥庆,范少辉,等.杉木人工林林下植物的消长规律[J].福建林学院学报,2000,20(3):231-234.
[11] 刘克彪.不同密度人工梭梭林土壤含水量和林下植被的演替[J].防护林科技,1998(2):12-15.
[12] 林开敏,郭玉硕,俞新妥,等.老龄杉木林下植物成分结构特征[J].福建林学院学报,1999,19(2):124-128.
[13]ANDARIESE S W,COVINGTON W W.Changes in understory production for three prescribed burns of different ages in ponderosa pine[J].Forest Ecology and Management,1986,14(3):193-203.
[14] 盛炜彤.不同密度杉木人工林林下植被发育与演替的定位研究[J].林业科学研究,2001,14(5):463-471.
[2]陈彩虹,田大伦,方晰,等.城郊4种人工林林下植被物种多样性、生物量与土壤养分相关性[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(6):213-217.
[3]崔宁洁,张丹桔,刘洋,等.不同林龄马尾松人工林林下植物多样性与土壤理化性质[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(10):2 610-2 617.
[4]洪宜聪.马尾松闽粤栲异龄复层混交林的林分特征及涵养水源能力[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(4):53-59.
[5]吴载璋.疏伐强度对马尾松套种阔叶树林分生长的影响[J].福建林业科技,2018,45(1):53-57,106.
[6]詹学齐.马尾松林冠下套种阔叶树20年间土壤肥力变化[J].北京林业大学学报,2018,40(6):55-62.
[7]陈绍栓,许建伟,吴载璋,等.不同强度疏伐改造对马尾松林分水源涵养功能时空格局的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(20):6 753-6 760.
[8]詹学齐.马尾松公益林林冠下套种阔叶树后林分生态功能评价研究[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),2018,34(3):71-77.
[9]吴载璋.马尾松套种细柄阿丁枫对林分涵养水源功能的影响[J].亚热带农业研究,2016,12(3):181-186.
[10]林开敏,马祥庆,范少辉,等.杉木人工林林下植物的消长规律[J].福建林学院学报,2000,20(3):231-234.
[11] 刘克彪.不同密度人工梭梭林土壤含水量和林下植被的演替[J].防护林科技,1998(2):12-15.
[12] 林开敏,郭玉硕,俞新妥,等.老龄杉木林下植物成分结构特征[J].福建林学院学报,1999,19(2):124-128.
[13]ANDARIESE S W,COVINGTON W W.Changes in understory production for three prescribed burns of different ages in ponderosa pine[J].Forest Ecology and Management,1986,14(3):193-203.
[14] 盛炜彤.不同密度杉木人工林林下植被发育与演替的定位研究[J].林业科学研究,2001,14(5):463-471.