腐植酸土壤调理剂对酸化果园土壤理化性状及苹果产量和品质的影响
|
摘要
为研究不同类型土壤调理剂对酸化果园土壤的改良效果,本试验采用普通土壤调理剂和腐植酸土壤调理剂,设置普通土壤调理剂+常规施肥、腐植酸土壤调理剂+常规施肥、腐植酸土壤调理剂减量15%+常规施肥和等养分肥料+常规施肥4个处理,在胶东酸化果园进行了为期两年的试验。结果表明:施用2种土壤调理剂均能改善酸化土壤的理化性状。在土壤物理性状方面,与普通土壤调理剂相比,施用腐植酸土壤调理剂的土壤容重降低2.72%～4.76%,粉粒含量增加3.12%～5.28%,孔隙度提高1.74%～3.54%;在土壤化学性状方面,施用腐植酸土壤调理剂的土壤速效钾含量增加3.74%～10.57%,pH提高0.07～0.45个单位。施用2种土壤调理剂均能提高苹果产量,相比于普通土壤调理剂,施用全量腐植酸土壤调理剂可增产4.84%,减量15%施用仍增产2.87%,而二者间差异未达显著性水平。此外,连续两年施用腐植酸土壤调理剂可以改善苹果的品质,其中总糖含量提高9.35%～15.46%,糖酸比提高21.84%～46.58%。综上,胶东酸化果园(pH<4.5)在常规施肥下配施腐植酸土壤调理剂1 275 kg/hm2可作为短期内改良酸化土壤、提高苹果产量和品质的有效途径。
In order to study the improvement effects of soil conditioner on soil physicochemical properties, apple yield and quality of acidified orchard soil, four treatments were designed which included common soil conditioner + conventional fertilization, humic acid soil conditioner + conventional fertilization, humic acid soil conditioner 85% application + conventional fertilization, and equal nutrient fertilizer + conventional fertilization. The results showed that the humic acid soil conditioners improved the physicochemical properties of acidified soil and increased apple yield and quality in acidified orchard. Compared with common soil conditioner, humic acid soil conditioner reduced soil bulk density by 2.72%-4.76%, and increased silt content,porosity, rapid potassium and pH by 3.12%-5.28%, 1.74%-3.54%, 3.74%-10.57% and 0.07-0.45 units, respectively. Meanwhile,humic acid soil conditioner increased apple yield by 4.84%, even 85% of humic acid soil conditioner application still increased apple yield by 2.87%. In addition, humic acid soil conditioner increased total sugar content by 9.35%-15.46% and reduced sugar acid by 21.84%-46.58%. In conclusion, humic acid soil conditioner of 1 275 kg/hm2 under conventional fertilization is regarded as the effective way in improving soil quality and apple yield and quality in short term for acidified orchard in Jiaodong area(pH<4.5).
In order to study the improvement effects of soil conditioner on soil physicochemical properties, apple yield and quality of acidified orchard soil, four treatments were designed which included common soil conditioner + conventional fertilization, humic acid soil conditioner + conventional fertilization, humic acid soil conditioner 85% application + conventional fertilization, and equal nutrient fertilizer + conventional fertilization. The results showed that the humic acid soil conditioners improved the physicochemical properties of acidified soil and increased apple yield and quality in acidified orchard. Compared with common soil conditioner, humic acid soil conditioner reduced soil bulk density by 2.72%-4.76%, and increased silt content,porosity, rapid potassium and pH by 3.12%-5.28%, 1.74%-3.54%, 3.74%-10.57% and 0.07-0.45 units, respectively. Meanwhile,humic acid soil conditioner increased apple yield by 4.84%, even 85% of humic acid soil conditioner application still increased apple yield by 2.87%. In addition, humic acid soil conditioner increased total sugar content by 9.35%-15.46% and reduced sugar acid by 21.84%-46.58%. In conclusion, humic acid soil conditioner of 1 275 kg/hm2 under conventional fertilization is regarded as the effective way in improving soil quality and apple yield and quality in short term for acidified orchard in Jiaodong area(pH<4.5).
引文
[1]王见月,刘庆花,李俊良,等.胶东果园土壤酸度特征及酸化原因分析[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(16):164-169
[2]佀国涵,王毅,徐大兵,等.不同施肥结构对酸性黄棕壤修复效果研究[J].土壤,2016,48(4):714-719
[3]赵凯丽,蔡泽江,王伯仁,等.不同母质和植被类型下红壤pH和交换性酸的剖面特征[J].中国农业科学2015,48(23):4818-4826
[4]姬钢,徐明岗,文石林,等.不同植被类型下红壤pH和交换性酸的剖面特征[J].应用生态学报2015,26(9):2639-2645
[5]孟赐福,水建国,傅庆林,等.浙江中部红壤施用石灰对土壤交换性钙、镁及土壤酸度的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1999,5(2):129-136
[6]Nair R,Mohamed M S,Gao W,et al.Effect of carbon nanomaterials on the germination and growth of rice plants[J].Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,2012,12(3):2212-2220
[7]杜振宇,王清华,刘方春,等.腐殖酸对钾在褐土中迁移和转化的影响[J].土壤,2012,44(5):822-826
[8]张宏伟,陈港,唐爱民,等.腐植酸共聚物对土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2003,34(10):30-32
[9]张敬敏,邢尚军,桑茂鹏,等.不同水分下腐殖酸对杨树生理生化特性和生长的影响[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(6):200-03
[10]Ijaz A L,Safdar A,Khalid S K,et al.Use of coal derived humic acid as soil conditioner to improve soil physical properties and wheat yield[J].International Journal of Plant&Soil Science,2015,5(5):268-275
[11]张务帅,张建青,谷端银,等.腐殖酸复合肥对苹果生长及土壤肥力的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):177-181
[12]袁天佑,冀建华,王俊忠,等.腐植酸与氮肥配施对冬小麦氮素吸收利用及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(3):365-372
[13]段佳丽,薛泉宏,舒志明,等.放线菌Act12与腐植酸钾配施对丹参生长及其根域微生态的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(6):1807-1819
[14]刘兰兰,史春余,梁太波,等.腐植酸肥料对生姜土壤微生物量和酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(11):6136-6141
[15]刘秀梅,张夫道,冯兆滨,等.风化煤腐殖酸对氮、磷、钾的吸附和解吸特性[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(5):641-646
[16]庄振东,李絮花.腐植酸氮肥对玉米产量、氮肥利用及氮肥损失的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(5):1232-1239
[2]佀国涵,王毅,徐大兵,等.不同施肥结构对酸性黄棕壤修复效果研究[J].土壤,2016,48(4):714-719
[3]赵凯丽,蔡泽江,王伯仁,等.不同母质和植被类型下红壤pH和交换性酸的剖面特征[J].中国农业科学2015,48(23):4818-4826
[4]姬钢,徐明岗,文石林,等.不同植被类型下红壤pH和交换性酸的剖面特征[J].应用生态学报2015,26(9):2639-2645
[5]孟赐福,水建国,傅庆林,等.浙江中部红壤施用石灰对土壤交换性钙、镁及土壤酸度的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1999,5(2):129-136
[6]Nair R,Mohamed M S,Gao W,et al.Effect of carbon nanomaterials on the germination and growth of rice plants[J].Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,2012,12(3):2212-2220
[7]杜振宇,王清华,刘方春,等.腐殖酸对钾在褐土中迁移和转化的影响[J].土壤,2012,44(5):822-826
[8]张宏伟,陈港,唐爱民,等.腐植酸共聚物对土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2003,34(10):30-32
[9]张敬敏,邢尚军,桑茂鹏,等.不同水分下腐殖酸对杨树生理生化特性和生长的影响[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(6):200-03
[10]Ijaz A L,Safdar A,Khalid S K,et al.Use of coal derived humic acid as soil conditioner to improve soil physical properties and wheat yield[J].International Journal of Plant&Soil Science,2015,5(5):268-275
[11]张务帅,张建青,谷端银,等.腐殖酸复合肥对苹果生长及土壤肥力的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):177-181
[12]袁天佑,冀建华,王俊忠,等.腐植酸与氮肥配施对冬小麦氮素吸收利用及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(3):365-372
[13]段佳丽,薛泉宏,舒志明,等.放线菌Act12与腐植酸钾配施对丹参生长及其根域微生态的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(6):1807-1819
[14]刘兰兰,史春余,梁太波,等.腐植酸肥料对生姜土壤微生物量和酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(11):6136-6141
[15]刘秀梅,张夫道,冯兆滨,等.风化煤腐殖酸对氮、磷、钾的吸附和解吸特性[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(5):641-646
[16]庄振东,李絮花.腐植酸氮肥对玉米产量、氮肥利用及氮肥损失的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(5):1232-1239