沁水盆地西南缘石炭-二叠纪含煤岩系层序地层及聚煤特征
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摘要
沁水盆地石炭-二叠系含煤地层,其空间展布受沉积环境和层序地层的控制。以沁水盆地西南缘为研究对象,利用岩心、钻井等资料分析含煤地层岩相类型、沉积相、层序地层及聚煤作用特征,得到以下认识:①石炭-二叠系主要由粗砂岩、中细砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩、灰岩和可燃有机岩组成,发育三角洲平原相、三角洲前缘相等三角洲沉积体系及障壁-滨外陆棚沉积体系;②识别出区域不整合面、下切谷冲刷面及沉积体系转换面等3种层序界面,将石炭-二叠系含煤地层划分为3个三级层序,并进一步划分出低位、海(湖)侵及高位体系域,其中层序Ⅰ、层序Ⅲ中发育厚度稳定的可采煤层;③障壁-滨外陆棚环境下煤层在层序地层格架中位于最大海泛面附近,三角洲平原环境下煤层位于湖侵体系域早中期,可容空间增加速率与泥炭堆积速率相平衡条件下,形成厚层煤层。
The spatial distribution of the Permo-Carboniferous coal-bearing strata in the Qinshui Basin has been controlled by sedimentary environment and sequence stratigraphy.Taking the southwestern Qinshui Bain as the subject investigated,using borehole core and drilling data have analyzed coal-bearing strata lithofacies type,sedimentary facies,sequence stratigraphy and coal accumulation features.The analyzed results have shown that: 1) Permo-Carboniferous strata are mainly consisted of coarse-grained,medium-grained and fine-grained sandstone,siltstone,mudstone,limestone and combustible organic rocks; have developed deltaic depositional system including deltaic plain facies,delta-front facies etc.and barrier-offshore shelf depositional system.2) Three sequence interfaces have been identified including regional unconformity interface,downcutting valley scouring interface and depositional system transformation interface; Permo-Carboniferous coal-bearing strata have been partitioned into three tertiary sequences,and further marked off lowstand,marine(lacustrine) transgressive and highstand systems tracts; in sequences I and III have developed thickness steady mineable coal seams.3) Under the barrier-offshore environment,in the sequence stratigraphic framework,coal seams are situated near the maximum marine-flooding surface; under the deltaic plain environment,coal seams are situated in early to middle lacustrine transgressive system tract.Under the condition of balance between accommodation increasing rate and peat accumulation rate,thick coal seams can be formed.
The spatial distribution of the Permo-Carboniferous coal-bearing strata in the Qinshui Basin has been controlled by sedimentary environment and sequence stratigraphy.Taking the southwestern Qinshui Bain as the subject investigated,using borehole core and drilling data have analyzed coal-bearing strata lithofacies type,sedimentary facies,sequence stratigraphy and coal accumulation features.The analyzed results have shown that: 1) Permo-Carboniferous strata are mainly consisted of coarse-grained,medium-grained and fine-grained sandstone,siltstone,mudstone,limestone and combustible organic rocks; have developed deltaic depositional system including deltaic plain facies,delta-front facies etc.and barrier-offshore shelf depositional system.2) Three sequence interfaces have been identified including regional unconformity interface,downcutting valley scouring interface and depositional system transformation interface; Permo-Carboniferous coal-bearing strata have been partitioned into three tertiary sequences,and further marked off lowstand,marine(lacustrine) transgressive and highstand systems tracts; in sequences I and III have developed thickness steady mineable coal seams.3) Under the barrier-offshore environment,in the sequence stratigraphic framework,coal seams are situated near the maximum marine-flooding surface; under the deltaic plain environment,coal seams are situated in early to middle lacustrine transgressive system tract.Under the condition of balance between accommodation increasing rate and peat accumulation rate,thick coal seams can be formed.
引文
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[2]李增学,余继峰,王明镇,等.沁水盆地煤地质与煤层气聚集单元特征研究[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,24(1).
[3]吴建光,孙茂远,冯三利,等.国家级煤层气示范工程建设的启示-沁水盆地南部煤层气开发利用高技术产业化示范工程综述[J].天然气工业,2011,31(5):9-15.
[4]叶建平.中国煤层气勘探开发进展综述[J].地质通报,2006,25(9):1074-1078.
[5]葛宝勋,尹国勋,李春生.山西阳泉矿区含煤岩系沉积环境及聚煤规律探讨[J].沉积学报,1985(3):36-47.
[6]张鹏飞,邵龙义,代世峰.华北地台晚古生代海侵模式雏议[J].古地理学报,2001,3(1).
[7]邵龙义,肖正辉,何志平,等.晋东南沁水盆地石炭二叠纪含煤岩系古地理及聚煤作用研究[J].古地理学报,2006,8(1).
[8]邵龙义,董大啸,李明培,等.华北石炭-二叠纪层序-古地理及聚煤规律[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8).
[9]徐振永,王延斌,陈德元,等.沁水盆地晚古生代煤系层序地层及岩相古地理研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2007,35(4):5-7.
[10]陈刚,刘林玉.沁水盆地古生界天然气圈闭条件分析[J].西北地质,1998(4):34-38.
[11]刘杰.沁水盆地安泽区块煤储层精细地质建模及有利区优选[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2018.
[12]邵龙义,肖正辉,汪浩,等.沁水盆地石炭---二叠纪含煤岩系高分辨率层序地层及聚煤模式[J].地质科学,2008.
[13]黄晶晶,孙粉锦,王勃,赵洋.沁水盆地南部石炭-二叠系层序地层划分与聚煤作用[J].中国煤层气,2015,12(02):17-22.
[14]张海涛.沁水盆地东北部太原组层序地层特征研究[J].赤峰学院学报(自然科学版),2018,34(03):76-78.
[15]杨克兵,严德天,郭建东,等.沁水盆地南部煤系地层层序及聚煤控制因素[J].天然气勘探与开发,2014,37(3):24-27.
[16]王帅,邵龙义,闫志明,等.二连盆地吉尔嘎朗图凹陷下白垩统赛汉塔拉组层序地层及聚煤特征[J].古地理学报,2015,17(3):393-404.
[17]徐强.沉积型铀矿成矿的构造控制及物理模拟研究[D].江苏徐洲:中国矿业大学,2018.
[18]杨克兵,严德天,郭建东,等.沁水盆地南部煤系地层层序及聚煤控制因素[J].天然气勘探与开发,2014,37(3):24-27.
[19]鲁静,邵龙义,汪浩,等.低可容空间河流三角洲沉积层序与聚煤模式[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012(2):268-275.
[20]Vail P R,Mitchum R M,Thompson S.Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level,part 3:relative changes of sea level from coastal on lap[M]//Payton C E.Seismic Stratigra-phy-Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration.AAPG Memoir,1977,26:63-81.
[21]鲁静,邵龙义,魏克敏,等.扬子准地台西缘宝鼎断陷盆地层序格架下古地理演化与聚煤作用[J].煤炭学报,2009(4):433-437.