三维风场下的不同桥梁断面形式的气动特性数值分析
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摘要
基于计算流体力学(CFD)方法,计算风对桥梁的静力作用。首先在二维和三维风场环境中,分别计算了同一桥梁断面的三分力系数,将其与风洞试验结果进行了对比。然后在三维风场下,分别以扁平箱梁、分离式双边箱梁和∏型梁三种经典桥梁断面为结构模型,建立-5°～+5°共11个风攻角下的流场模型,以剪切应力输运k-ω模型为湍流模型,提取不同攻角下的三分力系数,绘制了桥梁结构模型周围的风场特征图,包括压力云图、速度和旋涡的分布图,分析不同桥梁断面形式的抗风性能。结果表明,三维的计算结果更加接近试验值,其阻力系数和升力系数与试验值的误差分别为1.36%和0.054%。通过三维数值分析得到的数据可以初步确定抗风性能好的断面类型,能为大跨度桥梁的设计与研究提供重要参数。
The method of computational fluid dynamics(CFD) is adopted to calculate the static effects of bridge imposed by wind. Then, the aerostatic coefficients are calculated respectively in two-dimensional and three-dimensional wind field environment, in addition, the results are compared with wind tunnel test results. In the three-dimensional wind field, taking flat box girder, separate bilateral box girder and ∏ type beam as the structural models and eleven fluid fields are established whose wind attack angle changes from to +5°,aerodynamic coefficients are extracted under different wind attack angles, the feature graph of wind field around bridge structural model including pressure nephogram, the velocity and vortex distribution diagrams are drew, the wind-resistant performance of different bridge section type are analyzed. The results indicate that compared with results from two-dimensional, the computation values came from three-dimensional wind field are more in line with wind-tunnel testing data, the errors of drag coefficient and lift coefficient compared with test value are 1.36% and 0.054% respectively. The numerical data with three-dimensional wind field preliminarily confirm bridge section type that has good wind-resistant performance and provide important parameter for the design and research of long-span bridges.
The method of computational fluid dynamics(CFD) is adopted to calculate the static effects of bridge imposed by wind. Then, the aerostatic coefficients are calculated respectively in two-dimensional and three-dimensional wind field environment, in addition, the results are compared with wind tunnel test results. In the three-dimensional wind field, taking flat box girder, separate bilateral box girder and ∏ type beam as the structural models and eleven fluid fields are established whose wind attack angle changes from to +5°,aerodynamic coefficients are extracted under different wind attack angles, the feature graph of wind field around bridge structural model including pressure nephogram, the velocity and vortex distribution diagrams are drew, the wind-resistant performance of different bridge section type are analyzed. The results indicate that compared with results from two-dimensional, the computation values came from three-dimensional wind field are more in line with wind-tunnel testing data, the errors of drag coefficient and lift coefficient compared with test value are 1.36% and 0.054% respectively. The numerical data with three-dimensional wind field preliminarily confirm bridge section type that has good wind-resistant performance and provide important parameter for the design and research of long-span bridges.
引文
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[16]刘志文,胡建华,陈政清,等.闭口箱型梁主梁断面三分力系数的二维大涡模拟[J].公路交通科技,2011,28(11):61-66.(LIUZhiwen,HU Jianhua,CHEN Zhengqing,et al.2D large eddy simulation of aerostatic coefficients of a closed-box main girder section[J].Journal of highway and transportation research and development,2011,28(11):61-66(in Chinese)).
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[18]陈艾荣,艾辉林.计算桥梁空气动力学:大涡模拟[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2010.(CHEN Airong,AI Huilin.Computational bridge aerodynamics:large eddy simulation[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2010(in Chinese)).
[19]阎超,于剑,徐晶磊,等.CFD模拟方法的发展成就与展望[J].力学进展,2011,41(5):562-587.(YAN Chao,YU Jian,XU Jinglei,et al.The development achievements and prospect of CFD simulation method[J].Advances in mechanics,2011,41(5):562-587(in Chinese)).
[20]安里鹏,李德建,王元礼,等.基于CFD方法的高墩大跨箱梁桥静风力系数参数影响研究[J].应用力学学报,2016,33(1):143-149.(AN Lipeng,LI Dejian,WANG Yuanli,et al.Stability analysis and disaster prevention of highway rock slope with two main joints[J].Chinese journal of applied mechanics,2016,33(1):143-149(in Chinese)).
[21]李加武.桥梁断面雷诺数效应及其控制研究[D].上海:同济大学,2003.(LI Jiawu.Reynolds number effect and the control of bridge sections[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2003(in Chinese)).
[2]陈政清.工程结构的风致振动、稳定与控制[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.(CHEN Zhengqing.The wind-induced vibration of engineering structure and its stability&control[M].Beijing:Science Press,2013(in Chinese)).
[3]田内科斯H,兰姆利J L.湍流初级教程[M].施红辉,林培锋,金浩哲,译.北京:科学出版社,2014.(TENNEKES H,LUMLEYJ L.A first course in turbulence[M].SHI Honghui,LIN Peifeng,JIN Haozhe,translated.Beijing:Science Press,2014(in Chinese)).
[4]赵峰,李胜忠,杨磊,等.基于CFD的船型优化设计研究进展综述[J].船舶力学,2010(7):812-821.(ZHAO Feng,LI Shengzhong,YANG Lei,et al.An overview on the design optimization of ship hull based on CFD techniques[J].Journal of ship mechanics,2010(7):812-821(in Chinese)).
[5]刘毅,赵晓霞,江宗辉,等.低速飞机加装翼梢小翼的CFD数值计算及风洞试验研究[J].实验流体力学,2015,29(1):55-59.(LIUYi,ZHAO Xiaoxia,JIANG Zonghui,et al.The computational and experimental investigation on winglets of low speed aircraft[J].Journal of experiments in fluid mechanics,2015,29(1):55-59(in Chinese)).
[6]唐乾森,肖正刚.窄通道杆状发射药内孔燃气流动数值模拟[J].火炸药学报,2016,39(5):93-98.(TANG Qiansen,XIAOZhenggang.Numerical simulation of combustion gas flow inside perforations of stick gun propellant with narrow channels[J].Chinese journal of explosives&propellants,2016,39(5):93-98(in Chinese)).
[7]吴波,陈志,李建明,等.基于CFD正交试验的螺旋槽干气密封性能仿真研究[J].流体机械,2014(1):11-16.(WU Bo,CHEN Zhi,LI Jianming,et al.Numerical simulation research on the sealing performance of spiral groove dry gas seal by orthogonal experiments based on CFD method[J].Fluid machinery,2014(1):11-16(in Chinese)).
[8]王慕之,梅元贵,贾永兴.重叠网格法应用于模拟高速列车隧道气动效应[J].应用力学学报,2017,34(3):589-595.(WANG Muzhi,MEI Yuangui,JIA Yongxing.Simulation and analysis of dynamic disaster of high rise building(I)-damage of building caused by blasting of adjacent building[J].Chinese journal of applied mechanics,2017,34(3):589-595(in Chinese)).
[9]王卫华,廖海黎,李明水,等.基于Fluent平衡大气边界层流场模拟及应用[J].应用力学学报,2017,34(1):20-26.(WANG Weihua,LIAO Haili,LI Mingshui,et al.Equilibrium atmospheric boundary layer flow field simulation and its applications based on Fluent[J].Chinese journal of applied mechanics,2017,34(1):20-26(in Chinese)).
[10]叶辉,熊红兵,陆灏,等.动网格模拟风振对超大瘦高型冷却塔风荷载的影响[J].应用力学学报,2016,33(6):963-969.(YE Hui,XIONG Hongbing,LU Hao,et al.Effects of wind-induced vibration on the pressure distribution of cooling tower using dynamic mesh method[J].Chinese journal of applied mechanics,2016,33(6):963-969(in Chinese)).
[11]刘小兵,刘志文,陈政清.双幅面桥梁主梁断面的气动选型[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(8):94-98.(LIU Xiaobing,LIU Zhiwen,CHENZhengqing.Aerodynamic optimization of twin deck bridge girder’s cross section[J].Journal of vibration and shock,2009,28(8):94-98(in Chinese)).
[12]刘钥,陈政清,张志田.箱梁断面静风力系数的CFD数值模拟[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(1):133-137.(LIU Yue,CHEN Zhengqing,ZHANG Zhitian.CFD numerical simulation for aerostatic of a box girder section[J].Journal of vibration and shock,2010,29(1):133-137(in Chinese)).
[13]谭红霞,陈政清.CFD在桥梁断面静力三分力系数计算中的应用[J].工程力学,2009,26(11):68-72.(TAN Hongxia,CHENZhengqing.Applicaton of CFD in calculating static coefficients of bridge section[J].Engineering mechanics,2009,26(11):68-72(in Chinese)).
[14]汪家继,樊健生,聂建国,等.大跨度桥梁箱梁的三分力系数识别研究[J].工程力学,2016,33(1):95-104.(WANG Jiaji,FANJiansheng,NIE Jianguo,et al.Computational study on static coefficients of box girder section for long span bridge[J].Engineering mechanics,2016,33(1):95-104(in Chinese)).
[15]李薇,胡兆同,李家武,等.桥梁断面三分力系数数值模拟[J].公路交通科技,2012,29(5):37-40.(LI Wei,HU Zhaotong,LI Jiawu,et al.Numerical simulation on tri-component force coefficient of bridge section[J].Journal of highway and transportation research and development,2012,29(5):37-40(in Chinese)).
[16]刘志文,胡建华,陈政清,等.闭口箱型梁主梁断面三分力系数的二维大涡模拟[J].公路交通科技,2011,28(11):61-66.(LIUZhiwen,HU Jianhua,CHEN Zhengqing,et al.2D large eddy simulation of aerostatic coefficients of a closed-box main girder section[J].Journal of highway and transportation research and development,2011,28(11):61-66(in Chinese)).
[17]张征文.基于CFD模拟的大跨度桥梁静风稳定性风偏角影响分析[J].公路交通科技,2013,30(10):74-79.(ZHANG Zhengwen.Analysis of windage yaw angle of aerostatic stability on long span bridge on CFD simulation[J].Journal of highway and transportation research and development,2013,30(10):74-79(in Chinese)).
[18]陈艾荣,艾辉林.计算桥梁空气动力学:大涡模拟[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2010.(CHEN Airong,AI Huilin.Computational bridge aerodynamics:large eddy simulation[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2010(in Chinese)).
[19]阎超,于剑,徐晶磊,等.CFD模拟方法的发展成就与展望[J].力学进展,2011,41(5):562-587.(YAN Chao,YU Jian,XU Jinglei,et al.The development achievements and prospect of CFD simulation method[J].Advances in mechanics,2011,41(5):562-587(in Chinese)).
[20]安里鹏,李德建,王元礼,等.基于CFD方法的高墩大跨箱梁桥静风力系数参数影响研究[J].应用力学学报,2016,33(1):143-149.(AN Lipeng,LI Dejian,WANG Yuanli,et al.Stability analysis and disaster prevention of highway rock slope with two main joints[J].Chinese journal of applied mechanics,2016,33(1):143-149(in Chinese)).
[21]李加武.桥梁断面雷诺数效应及其控制研究[D].上海:同济大学,2003.(LI Jiawu.Reynolds number effect and the control of bridge sections[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2003(in Chinese)).