高寒草原季节牧场生物量对土壤水分的响应
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摘要
在祁连山高寒草原甘肃马鹿冬季牧场和春秋季牧场,分别设置6个牧压梯度样地,研究土壤水分和生物量的关系。结果表明,冬季牧场和春秋季牧场土壤水分与放牧率均显著负相关(P <0.01),冬季牧场地上生物量和春秋季牧场地下生物量分别与土壤水分显著正相关(P <0.05)。结构方程模型表明,冬季牧场土壤水分对地上生物量作用最大,通过地上生物量对根冠比产生极显著间接作用;春秋季牧场地下生物量与根冠比显著相关,土壤水分通过地下生物量对根冠比产生间接作用。
An experiment was performed in winter and spring-autumn pastures of Gansu wapiti in Gansu Province, Sunan Yugu National Autonomous County, using six different grazing gradient plots. The wild fixed-point sampling observation method was used to study the interaction of grassland soil moisture with biomass under the influence of different grazing gradients. The results showed that there were significant negative correlations between soil moisture and grazing rate in both winter and spring-autumn pastures in the Qilian Mountains(P < 0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between winter pasture biomass and soil moisture(P < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation(P < 0.01) between underground biomass and soil moisture in spring-autumn pasture. A structural model showed that soil moisture of winter pastures had the greatest effect on aboveground biomass, and that soil moisture had a significant indirect effect on the root and shoot ratio through aboveground biomass. The underground biomass of spring-autumn pasture had the greatest effect on the root and shoot ratio, and soil moisture had a significant indirect effect on root and shoot ratio through underground biomass.
An experiment was performed in winter and spring-autumn pastures of Gansu wapiti in Gansu Province, Sunan Yugu National Autonomous County, using six different grazing gradient plots. The wild fixed-point sampling observation method was used to study the interaction of grassland soil moisture with biomass under the influence of different grazing gradients. The results showed that there were significant negative correlations between soil moisture and grazing rate in both winter and spring-autumn pastures in the Qilian Mountains(P < 0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between winter pasture biomass and soil moisture(P < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation(P < 0.01) between underground biomass and soil moisture in spring-autumn pasture. A structural model showed that soil moisture of winter pastures had the greatest effect on aboveground biomass, and that soil moisture had a significant indirect effect on the root and shoot ratio through aboveground biomass. The underground biomass of spring-autumn pasture had the greatest effect on the root and shoot ratio, and soil moisture had a significant indirect effect on root and shoot ratio through underground biomass.
引文
[1]侯扶江,宁娇,冯琦胜.草原放牧系统的类型与生产力.草业科学,2016,33(3):353-367.HOU F J,NING J,FENG Q S.The type and productivity of grassland grazing system.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(3):353-367.
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[9]王涛,高峰,王宝,王鹏龙,王勤花,宋华龙,尹常亮.祁连山生态保护与修复的现状问题与建议.冰川冻土,2017,39(2):229-234.WANG T,GAO F,WANG B,WANG P L,WANG Q H,SONG H L,YIN C L.Status and suggestions on ecological protection and restoration of Qilian Mountains.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2017,39(2):229-234.
[10]侯扶江,王春梅,娄珊宁,侯向阳,呼天明.我国草原生产力.中国工程科学,2016,18(1):80-93.HOU F J,WANG C M,LOU S N,HOU X Y,HU T M.Rangeland productivity in China.Engineering Sciences,2016,18(1):80-93.
[11]侯扶江,李广.河西地区生态景观的演变.水土保持学报,2001,15(6):51-57.HOU F J,LI G.Change of ecological landscape in Hexi Region.Journal of Soil Water Conservation,2001,15(6):51-57.
[12]侯扶江,南志标,肖金玉,常生华.重牧退化草地的植被、土壤及其耦合特征.应用生态学报,2002,13(8):915-922.HOU F J,NAN Z B,XIAO J Y,CHANG S H.Characteristics of vegetation,soil and their coupling of degraded grasslands.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(8):915-922.
[13]王化,侯扶江,袁航,万秀丽,徐磊,陈先江,常生华.高山草原放牧率与群落物种丰富度.草业科学,2013,30(3):328-333.WANG H,HOU F J,YUAN H,WAN X L,XU L,CHEN X J,CHANG S H.Relationships between stocking rate and species richness on alpine steppe.Pratacultural Science,2013,30(3):328-333.
[14]郭雅蓉,侯扶江,于应文.祁连山北坡3个季节性牧场夏季的土壤呼吸.草业科学,2017,34(8):1561-1570.GUO Y R,HOU F J,YU Y W.Soil respiration in three types of seasonal pastures in summer on the northern slope of Qilian mountains.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(8):1561-1570.
[15]张志南,武高林,王冬,邓蕾,郝红敏,杨政,上官周平.黄土高原半干旱区天然草地群落结构与土壤水分关系.草业学报,2014,23(6):313-319.ZHANG Z N,WU G L,WANG D,DENG L,HAO H M,YANG Z,SHANGGUAN Z P.Plant community structure and soil moisture in the semi-arid natural grassland of the Loess Plateau.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(6):313-319.
[16]林希昊,陈秋波,华元刚,杨礼富,王真辉.不同树龄橡胶林土壤水分和细根生物量.应用生态学报,2011,22(2):331-336.LIN X H,CHEN Q B,HUA Y G,YANG L F,WANG Z H.Soil moisture content and fine root biomass of rubber tree(Hevea brasiliensis)plantations at different ages.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(2):331-336.
[17]姚爱兴,王培,夏景新,樊奋成.不同放牧强度下奶牛对多年生黑麦草/白三叶草地土壤特性的影响.草地学报,1995,3(3):181-189.YAO A X,WANG P,XIA J X,FAN F C.Effect of different grazing intensity for dairy cows on soil characteristics of perennial Ryegrass/White clover sward.Acta Agrestia Sinica,1995,3(3):181-189.
[18]侯扶江,李广,杨逢刚.甘肃马鹿夏冬季在祁连山高山草地的放牧行为.生态学报,2003(9):1807-1815.HOU F J,LI G,YANG F G.Grazing behavior of Gansu wapiti(Cervus elaphus kansuensis)in summer winter on the alpine geassland of Qilianshan Mountain.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2003(9):1807-1815.
[19]侯扶江,任继周.甘肃马鹿冬季放牧践踏作用及其对土壤理化性质影响的评价.生态学报,2003(3):486-495.HOU F J,REN J Z.Evaluation on trampling of grazed Gansu wapiti(Cervus elaphus kansuensis Pocock)and its effects on soilproperty in winter grazing land.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2003(3):486-495.
[20]田晓艳.内蒙古羊草草原暗栗钙土水分动态变化研究.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文,2007.TIAN X Y.Studies on soil water content dynamic varying of typic castanozem in Leymus chinensis steppe in Inner Mongolia.Master Thesis.Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2007.
[21]王力.陕北黄土高原土壤水分亏缺状况与林木生长关系.杨凌:西北农林科技大学博士学位论文,2002.WANG L.The relation between soil water deficiency and vegetation growth in Northern Shaanxi Loess plateau.PhD Thesis.Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2002.
[22]郭继勋,祝廷成.气候因子对东北羊草草原羊草群落产量影响的分析.植物学报,1994,36(10):790-796.GUO J X,ZHU T C.Effect of climatic factors on the yield of Aneurolepidium chinense(trin.)keng community.Acta Botanica Sinica,1994,36(10):790-796.
[2]DANNOWSKI M,BLOCK A.Fractal geometry and root system structures of heterogeneous plant communities.Plant and Soil,2005,272:61-76.
[3]侯扶江,杨中艺.放牧对草地的作用.生态学报,2006,26(1):244-260.HOU F J,YANG Z Y.Effects of grazing of livestock on grassland.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(1):244-260.
[4]马星星,鄢燕,鲁旭阳,王小丹.藏北高寒草地地下生物量特征及其与土壤水分的关系.生态环境学报,2016,25(2):189-195.MA X X,YAN Y,LU X Y,WANG X D.Dynamics of belowground biomass and its relationship with soil moisture in alpinegrassland on the North Tibetan Plateau.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2016,25(2):189-195.
[5]王顺利,王荣新,敬文茂,赵维俊,牛赟,马剑,朱红.祁连山干旱山地草地生物量对水分条件的响应.干旱区地理,2017,40(4):772-779.WANG S L,WANG R X,JING W M,ZHAO W J,NIU Y,MA J,ZHU H.Biomass of grassland and response to soil moisture on arid mountain land in the Qilian mountains.Arid Land Geography,2017,40(4):772-779.
[6]郭燕云,潘学标,王雪姣,王森,高淑敏.局地水分空间分布与草地生态系统关系的初步研究.北方农业学报,2016,44(2):90-94.GUO Y Y,PAN X B,WANG X J,WANG S,GAO S M.A preliminary study of relationships between local water distribution and grassland ecosystems.Journal of Northern Agriculture,2016,44(2):90-94.
[7]郭京衡,李尝君,曾凡江,张波,刘波,郭自春.2种荒漠植物根系生物量分布与土壤水分、养分的关系.干旱区研究,2016,33(1):166-171.GUO J H,LI C J,ZENG F J,ZHANG B,LIU B,GUO Z C.Relationship between root biomass distribution and soil moisture,nutrient for two desert plant species.Arid Zone Research,2016,33(1):166-171.
[8]高松,苏培玺,严巧娣.荒漠植物梭梭群体和叶片水平气体交换对不同土壤水分的响应.中国科学:生命科学,2010,53(3):718-728.GAO S,SU P X,YAN Q D.Canopy and leaf gas exchange of Haloxylon ammodendron under different soil moisture regimes.Science China:Life Science,2010,53(3):718-728.
[9]王涛,高峰,王宝,王鹏龙,王勤花,宋华龙,尹常亮.祁连山生态保护与修复的现状问题与建议.冰川冻土,2017,39(2):229-234.WANG T,GAO F,WANG B,WANG P L,WANG Q H,SONG H L,YIN C L.Status and suggestions on ecological protection and restoration of Qilian Mountains.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2017,39(2):229-234.
[10]侯扶江,王春梅,娄珊宁,侯向阳,呼天明.我国草原生产力.中国工程科学,2016,18(1):80-93.HOU F J,WANG C M,LOU S N,HOU X Y,HU T M.Rangeland productivity in China.Engineering Sciences,2016,18(1):80-93.
[11]侯扶江,李广.河西地区生态景观的演变.水土保持学报,2001,15(6):51-57.HOU F J,LI G.Change of ecological landscape in Hexi Region.Journal of Soil Water Conservation,2001,15(6):51-57.
[12]侯扶江,南志标,肖金玉,常生华.重牧退化草地的植被、土壤及其耦合特征.应用生态学报,2002,13(8):915-922.HOU F J,NAN Z B,XIAO J Y,CHANG S H.Characteristics of vegetation,soil and their coupling of degraded grasslands.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(8):915-922.
[13]王化,侯扶江,袁航,万秀丽,徐磊,陈先江,常生华.高山草原放牧率与群落物种丰富度.草业科学,2013,30(3):328-333.WANG H,HOU F J,YUAN H,WAN X L,XU L,CHEN X J,CHANG S H.Relationships between stocking rate and species richness on alpine steppe.Pratacultural Science,2013,30(3):328-333.
[14]郭雅蓉,侯扶江,于应文.祁连山北坡3个季节性牧场夏季的土壤呼吸.草业科学,2017,34(8):1561-1570.GUO Y R,HOU F J,YU Y W.Soil respiration in three types of seasonal pastures in summer on the northern slope of Qilian mountains.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(8):1561-1570.
[15]张志南,武高林,王冬,邓蕾,郝红敏,杨政,上官周平.黄土高原半干旱区天然草地群落结构与土壤水分关系.草业学报,2014,23(6):313-319.ZHANG Z N,WU G L,WANG D,DENG L,HAO H M,YANG Z,SHANGGUAN Z P.Plant community structure and soil moisture in the semi-arid natural grassland of the Loess Plateau.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(6):313-319.
[16]林希昊,陈秋波,华元刚,杨礼富,王真辉.不同树龄橡胶林土壤水分和细根生物量.应用生态学报,2011,22(2):331-336.LIN X H,CHEN Q B,HUA Y G,YANG L F,WANG Z H.Soil moisture content and fine root biomass of rubber tree(Hevea brasiliensis)plantations at different ages.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(2):331-336.
[17]姚爱兴,王培,夏景新,樊奋成.不同放牧强度下奶牛对多年生黑麦草/白三叶草地土壤特性的影响.草地学报,1995,3(3):181-189.YAO A X,WANG P,XIA J X,FAN F C.Effect of different grazing intensity for dairy cows on soil characteristics of perennial Ryegrass/White clover sward.Acta Agrestia Sinica,1995,3(3):181-189.
[18]侯扶江,李广,杨逢刚.甘肃马鹿夏冬季在祁连山高山草地的放牧行为.生态学报,2003(9):1807-1815.HOU F J,LI G,YANG F G.Grazing behavior of Gansu wapiti(Cervus elaphus kansuensis)in summer winter on the alpine geassland of Qilianshan Mountain.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2003(9):1807-1815.
[19]侯扶江,任继周.甘肃马鹿冬季放牧践踏作用及其对土壤理化性质影响的评价.生态学报,2003(3):486-495.HOU F J,REN J Z.Evaluation on trampling of grazed Gansu wapiti(Cervus elaphus kansuensis Pocock)and its effects on soilproperty in winter grazing land.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2003(3):486-495.
[20]田晓艳.内蒙古羊草草原暗栗钙土水分动态变化研究.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文,2007.TIAN X Y.Studies on soil water content dynamic varying of typic castanozem in Leymus chinensis steppe in Inner Mongolia.Master Thesis.Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2007.
[21]王力.陕北黄土高原土壤水分亏缺状况与林木生长关系.杨凌:西北农林科技大学博士学位论文,2002.WANG L.The relation between soil water deficiency and vegetation growth in Northern Shaanxi Loess plateau.PhD Thesis.Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2002.
[22]郭继勋,祝廷成.气候因子对东北羊草草原羊草群落产量影响的分析.植物学报,1994,36(10):790-796.GUO J X,ZHU T C.Effect of climatic factors on the yield of Aneurolepidium chinense(trin.)keng community.Acta Botanica Sinica,1994,36(10):790-796.