机场安检员工作压力与不安全行为关系研究
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摘要
为减少民用机场安检员因工作压力引发的不安全行为,研究机场安检员工作压力与不安全行为之间的关系,从源头上降低机场安检不安全事件发生的概率。首先,收集国内某机场692份有效问卷,采用因子分析法,得出安检员工作压力的7个主要影响因素;其次,将这些因素作为工作压力与不安全行为之间的中间变量,并提出15个关系假设,构建机场安检员工作压力与不安全行为关系的假设模型;最后,运用结构方程模型(SEM)检验并修正该模型。结果表明:机场安检员的工作压力与不安全行为之间存在正相关关系;职业发展、自我效能、组织氛围、工作特征和人际关系与工作压力负相关;角色压力、工作家庭冲突与工作压力正相关;人际关系、职业发展和自我效能与不安全行为负相关。
In order to reduce unsafe behaviors caused by work stress and decrease the probability of airport security incidents,studies were carried out to investigate the relationship between work stress and unsafe behaviors of airport security staff. Firstly,692 valid questionnaires were collected from an airport in China,and by using factor analysis method seven major factors that affect staff work stress were obtained.Secondly,fifteen hypotheses were put forward to build up the relationship model between work stress and unsafe behaviors with these factors as middle variables. Finally,the model was verified and modified by using SEM. The results show that work stress is positively related with unsafe behaviors; career development,self-efficacy,organizational climate,work characteristics and interpersonal relations are negatively related with work stress while role stress and work-family conflict are positively related with it;what is more,interpersonal relations,career development and self-efficacy are negatively related with unsafe behaviors.
In order to reduce unsafe behaviors caused by work stress and decrease the probability of airport security incidents,studies were carried out to investigate the relationship between work stress and unsafe behaviors of airport security staff. Firstly,692 valid questionnaires were collected from an airport in China,and by using factor analysis method seven major factors that affect staff work stress were obtained.Secondly,fifteen hypotheses were put forward to build up the relationship model between work stress and unsafe behaviors with these factors as middle variables. Finally,the model was verified and modified by using SEM. The results show that work stress is positively related with unsafe behaviors; career development,self-efficacy,organizational climate,work characteristics and interpersonal relations are negatively related with work stress while role stress and work-family conflict are positively related with it;what is more,interpersonal relations,career development and self-efficacy are negatively related with unsafe behaviors.
引文
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[2]孙殿阁,孙佳,蒋仲安.面向对象思想在民用机场危险源辨识中的应用[J].中国安全科学学报,2009,19(3):144-148.SUN Diange,SUN Jia,JIANG Zhongan.The application of object-oriented method to hazard identification in civil airport[J].China Safety Science Journal,2009,19(3):144-148.
[3]王燕青,刘媛媛,徐晶.基于生理-心理的机场安检员疲劳风险评估[J].综合运输,2016,38(7):49-55.WANG Yanqing,LIU Yuanyuan,XU Jing.Fatigue risk assessment of security personnel based on the physiological and psychological analysis[J].China Transportation Review,2016,38(7):49-55.
[4]王霞.机场安检员心理授权与违章行为关系研究[J].安全与环境学报,2017,17(5):223-227.WANG Xia.On the relationship between the psychological empowerment and violation behavior of airport security staff members[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2017,17(5):223-227.
[5]许小东.管理者工作内源压力与外源压力的结构模型研究[J].管理工程学报,2007,21(1):36-40.XU Xiaodong.A structure modeling study on the job intrinsic stressors and extrinsic stressors of the managers[J].Journal of Industrial Engineering Management,2007,21(1):36-40.
[6]李芳薇,袁震宇,李永娟.工作环境压力源对煤矿井下作业人员反生产行为和安全的影响[J].中国安全科学学报,2012,22(6):20-26.LI Fangwei,YUAN Zhenyu,LI Yongjuan.Effects of work environment stressors on coalmine employees'counterproductive work behavior and safety outcome[J].China Safety Science Journal,2012,22(6):20-26.
[7]成连华,郭慧敏.基于SEM的煤矿安全生产影响因素系统研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2018,28(1):137-142.CHENG Lianhua,GUO Huimin.Study on factors influencing coal mine work safety based on SEM[J].China Safety Science Journal,2018,28(1):137-142.
[8]贾子若,杨书宏,宋守信.安全绩效与工作压力、职业倦怠关系研究-以铁路司机为例[J].中国安全科学学报,2013,23(6):145-150.JIA Ziruo,YANG Shuhong,SONG Shouxin.A survey on work stress and job burnout of locomotive driver on safety performance[J].China Safety Science Journal,2013,23(6):145-150.
[9]ZHOU Zhiqing,MEIER L,SPECTOR P.The Role of personality and job stressors in predicting counterproductive work behavior:a three-way interaction[J].International Journal of Selection&Assessment,2014,22(3):286-296.
[10]ERICH R,EATON M,MAYES R,et al.The impact of environment and occupation on the health and safety of active duty air force members:database development and de-identification[J].Military Medicine,2016,181(8):821-826.
[11]程明,梁文娟.机场安检员工作压力源及影响因素研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2011,7(1):63-67.CHENG Ming,LIANG Wenjuan.Research on work-related stressors and influential factors of airport security personnel[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2011,7(1):63-67.
[12]吴绍杰.大连机场安检员工作压力问题研究[D].大连:大连海事大学,2011.WU Shaojie.Research on work stress for security staff in DLC[D].Dalian:Dalian Maritime University,2011.
[13]侯彦伊.机场安检员工作压力与安全绩效关系研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2018.HOU Yanyi.Research on the relationship between work stress and safety performance of airport security inspectors[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2018.
[14]刘芬.矿工工作压力与不安全行为关系研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2014.LIU Fen.Study on the relationship between miners working pressure and unsafe behavior[D].Xi'an:Xi'an University of Science and Technology,2014.
[15]郭树祥,祝曦,岳俊林,等.机车乘务员安全绩效与职业紧张关系研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2018,28(增1):6-10.GUO Shuxiang,ZHU Xi,YUE Junlin,et al.Relationship between safety performance and occupational stress of railway drivers[J].China Safety Science Journal,2018,28(S1):6-10.
[16]侯杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟.结构方程模型及其应用[M].北京:教员科学出版社,2004:13-15.
[17]吴明隆.结构方程模型:AMOS的操作与应用[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2009:55-61.