基于物联网的钻井远程支持系统应用现状及发展方向
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摘要
基于物联网的钻井远程支持系统是集钻前工程方案优化、实时施工优化到钻后效果评估一体化的专家协同作业平台。基于复杂结构井风险控制和降本增效的需求,以及随钻测量、信息采集、网络通信和应用软件技术的快速进步,推进了钻井远程支持系统快速发展。分析钻井远程支持系统在国外最佳实践及核心要素,其中数据是钻井远程支持系统运行的基础、科学决策的依据,专业软件是系统服务的关键手段,专家团队是系统运行的核心。介绍了中国石油集团工程技术远程支持系统的部署与建设情况,工程技术服务与支持正在由传统的专家频繁跑井支持方式向远程专家会诊实时决策支持方式转变,施工作业决策由以个人经验为主向专家会诊与技术知识库支撑相结合的方式转变。随着高性能图形工作站、物联网、大数据、云计算等技术的快速发展,钻井远程支持系统将朝着"全面感知、自动操控、预测趋势、优化决策"方向持续发展,具体体现在沉浸式数字化仿真、自动化钻井、在线预警及诊断、地质工程一体化等方面。
Real Time Operation Center(RTOC) based on Internet of Things is an expert collaboration platform integrating optimization of pre-drilling engineering plan, optimization of real-time construction and evaluation of post-drilling effects. Based on the requirements of risks control, cost reduction and efficiency enhancement for complex structured wells, RTOC has been rapidly developing with the help of technological achievements made in measurement while drilling, acquisition of information,network communications and application software. This paper analyzes the best practice and core elements of RTOC in foreign countries. Data are the basis of drilling remote support system operation. They also serve as the scientific decision-making basis for the system. Professional software holds the key to the services provided by the system. Expert team is the core of system operation.This paper introduces RTOC deployment and construction of CNPC. Engineering technological service and support is changing into remote expert consultation real-time decision-making support mode from the traditional support mode of expert's frequent trips to well sites. The decision-making pattern for drilling service is also turning from individual experiences to combination of expert consultations and technological knowledge base. With rapid development of high-performance graphics workstations,Internet of Things, big data and cloud computing, RTOC is developing towards the "comprehensive perception, automatic operation, prediction of trends, and optimization of decision making". Concretely, it functions in the form of submerged digitalized simulation, automatized drilling, online warning and diagnosis and geological engineering integration.
Real Time Operation Center(RTOC) based on Internet of Things is an expert collaboration platform integrating optimization of pre-drilling engineering plan, optimization of real-time construction and evaluation of post-drilling effects. Based on the requirements of risks control, cost reduction and efficiency enhancement for complex structured wells, RTOC has been rapidly developing with the help of technological achievements made in measurement while drilling, acquisition of information,network communications and application software. This paper analyzes the best practice and core elements of RTOC in foreign countries. Data are the basis of drilling remote support system operation. They also serve as the scientific decision-making basis for the system. Professional software holds the key to the services provided by the system. Expert team is the core of system operation.This paper introduces RTOC deployment and construction of CNPC. Engineering technological service and support is changing into remote expert consultation real-time decision-making support mode from the traditional support mode of expert's frequent trips to well sites. The decision-making pattern for drilling service is also turning from individual experiences to combination of expert consultations and technological knowledge base. With rapid development of high-performance graphics workstations,Internet of Things, big data and cloud computing, RTOC is developing towards the "comprehensive perception, automatic operation, prediction of trends, and optimization of decision making". Concretely, it functions in the form of submerged digitalized simulation, automatized drilling, online warning and diagnosis and geological engineering integration.
引文
[1]赵庆,刘岩生,蒋宏伟,等.钻井实时监控与技术决策系统研发进展[J].石油科技论坛,2013,32(3):11-14.Zhao Qing,Liu Yansheng,Jiang Hongwei,et al.Research and development of real-time drilling monitoring and technological decision-making system[J].Oil Forum,2013,32(3):11-14.
[2]陈中普,王长在,任立春,等.油气田钻完井大数据技术研究与应用前景展望[J].录井工程,2018,29(4):1-6,99.Chen Zhongpu,Wang Changzai,Ren Lichun,et al.Study and application prospect of big data technology in oil-gas field drilling and completion[J].Mud Logging Engineering,2018,29(4):1-6,99.
[3]王世伟,王东城.基于无线通信技术的钻井监督远程可视化系统的实现[J].石油工业计算机应用,2017,25(4):9-10.Wang Shiwei,Wang Dongcheng.Realization of remote visualization system for drilling supervision based on wireless communication technology[J].Computer Applications of Petroleum,2017,25(4):9-10.
[4]徐术国,樊洪海,李昌盛,等.钻井远程实时决策系统的开发与应用[J].价值工程,2015,34(22):70-72.Xu Shuguo,Fan Honghai,Li Changsheng,et al.Development and application of drilling remote real-time decision-making system[J].Value Engineering,2015,34(22):70-72.
[5]段绪林,文苏苏.应用井场信息远程传输系统减少钻井复杂故障[J].安全,2017,38(12):13-15.Duan Xulin,Wen Susu.Application of well site information remote transmission system to reduce drilling complex faults[J].Safety,2017,38(12):13-15.
[6]卫金平,宋保华,周浩.基于远程监控促进钻井现场安全管理的实践[J].安全,2016,37(7):39-41.Wei Jinping,Song Baohua,Zhou Hao.Practice of promoting drilling site safety management based on remote monitoring[J].Safety,2016,37(7):39-41.
[7]张军,费海涛,王崇敬,等.钻井远程决策支持系统开发及在元坝103H井的应用[J].石油钻探技术,2011,39(6):104-107.Zhang Jun,Fei Haitao,Wang Chongjing,et al.Development of remote drilling decision-making support system and its application in well Yuanba 103H[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2011,39(6):104-107.
[8]赵岩,陈红甫.远程视频监控系统在钻井安全生产中应用[J].中国煤炭地质,2015,27(3):55-58.ZhaoYan,Chen Hongfu.Application of remote video monitoring system in drilling safety production[J].Coal Geology of China,2015,27(3):55-58.
[9]蒋宏伟,杨光,赵庆,等.钻井工程设计集成系统V2.0[J].石油科技论坛,2017,36(S):48-50.Jiang Hongwei,Yang Guang,Zhao Qing,et al.Integrated drilling design software system V2.0[J].Oil Forum,2017,36(S):48-50.
[10]孙海芳,钱浩东,杨成新,等.利用钻井数据库搭建远程钻井辅助决策规划[J].钻采工艺,2011,34(6):1-3,5.Sun Haifang,Qian Haodong,Yang Chengxin,et al.Building drilling remote decision-making system by using the drilling database[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2011,34(6):1-3,5.
[11]肖莉,杨传书,赵金海,等.钻井工程决策支持系统关键技术[J].石油钻探技术,2015,43(2):38-43.Xiao Li,Yang Chuanshu,Zhao Jinhai,et al.Key technologies of drilling engineering decision support systems[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2015,43(2):38-43.
[12]Shell Aberdeen.RTOC supports collaborative well-delivery process[EB/OL].http://www.landmark.solutions/Portals/0/LMSDocs/CaseStudies/2012-06-shell-aberdeen-rtoc-case-study.pdf.
[13]Applied fluids optimization(AFO)service enables cross-discipline collaboration in operator’s RTOC,Halliburton,2010[EB/OL].https://www.halliburton.com/en-US/ps/sperry/real-timeservices/real-time-applications/default.html?node-id=hhiycvwm#.
[14]Sperry remote operations centerTM(ROCTM)in Saudi Arabia,Halliburton,2010[EB/OL].https://www.halliburton.com/en-US/ps/sperry/real-time-services/real-time-centers.html?node-id=hhiycvwo#.
[15]Middle East:Remote operating centers successfully optimize geosteering efforts to maximize exposure in extremely thin clastic reservoir[EB/OL].https://www.halliburton.com/content/dam/ps/public/ss/contents/Case_Histories/web/H07993_Saudi_ADR.pdf?node-id=hhiycvwo&nav=en-US_sperry_public.
[16]李智鹏,许京国,尤军,等.石油钻探物联网实时远程作业中心设计综述[J].石油工业计算机应用,2014(2):16-21.Li Zhipeng,Xu Jingguo,You Jun,et al.Overview of real-time remote operations centers with oil drilling internet of things[J].Computer Applications of Petroleum,2014(2):16-21.
[17]薄芳芳.钻井工程数据实时采集与远程传输系统设计与实现[D].上海:上海交通大学,2011.Bo Fangfang.Design and implementation of drilling project data real-time acquisition and transmission system[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiaotong University,2011.
[18]米玲.基于VR技术的控压钻井节流回压远程控制系统的设计[D].成都:西南石油大学,2016.Mi Ling.Design of remote control system for throttling and backpressure of pressure-controlled drilling based on VRtechnology[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2016.
[19]张瑞佳.面向石油录井的远程专家决策支持系统研究与实现[D].西安:西安石油大学,2018.Zhang Ruijia.Research and implementation of remote expert decision support system for petroleum logging[D].Xi’an:Xi’an Shiyou University,2018.
[20]杨传书,张好林,肖莉.自动化钻井关键技术进展与发展趋势[J].石油机械,2017,45(5):10-17.Yang Chuanshu,Zhang Haolin,Xiao Li.Key technical progress and development trend of automated drilling[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2017,45(5):10-17.
[21]刘志坤,李琪,高晓荣.导向钻井远程决策指挥中数据仓库技术的应用研究[J].钻采工艺,2007,30(3):13-15.Liu Zhikun,Li Qi,Gao Xiaorong.Applied research of data warehouse technology in remote decision-making command of steering drilling[J].Drilling and Production Technology,2007,30(3):13-15.
[2]陈中普,王长在,任立春,等.油气田钻完井大数据技术研究与应用前景展望[J].录井工程,2018,29(4):1-6,99.Chen Zhongpu,Wang Changzai,Ren Lichun,et al.Study and application prospect of big data technology in oil-gas field drilling and completion[J].Mud Logging Engineering,2018,29(4):1-6,99.
[3]王世伟,王东城.基于无线通信技术的钻井监督远程可视化系统的实现[J].石油工业计算机应用,2017,25(4):9-10.Wang Shiwei,Wang Dongcheng.Realization of remote visualization system for drilling supervision based on wireless communication technology[J].Computer Applications of Petroleum,2017,25(4):9-10.
[4]徐术国,樊洪海,李昌盛,等.钻井远程实时决策系统的开发与应用[J].价值工程,2015,34(22):70-72.Xu Shuguo,Fan Honghai,Li Changsheng,et al.Development and application of drilling remote real-time decision-making system[J].Value Engineering,2015,34(22):70-72.
[5]段绪林,文苏苏.应用井场信息远程传输系统减少钻井复杂故障[J].安全,2017,38(12):13-15.Duan Xulin,Wen Susu.Application of well site information remote transmission system to reduce drilling complex faults[J].Safety,2017,38(12):13-15.
[6]卫金平,宋保华,周浩.基于远程监控促进钻井现场安全管理的实践[J].安全,2016,37(7):39-41.Wei Jinping,Song Baohua,Zhou Hao.Practice of promoting drilling site safety management based on remote monitoring[J].Safety,2016,37(7):39-41.
[7]张军,费海涛,王崇敬,等.钻井远程决策支持系统开发及在元坝103H井的应用[J].石油钻探技术,2011,39(6):104-107.Zhang Jun,Fei Haitao,Wang Chongjing,et al.Development of remote drilling decision-making support system and its application in well Yuanba 103H[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2011,39(6):104-107.
[8]赵岩,陈红甫.远程视频监控系统在钻井安全生产中应用[J].中国煤炭地质,2015,27(3):55-58.ZhaoYan,Chen Hongfu.Application of remote video monitoring system in drilling safety production[J].Coal Geology of China,2015,27(3):55-58.
[9]蒋宏伟,杨光,赵庆,等.钻井工程设计集成系统V2.0[J].石油科技论坛,2017,36(S):48-50.Jiang Hongwei,Yang Guang,Zhao Qing,et al.Integrated drilling design software system V2.0[J].Oil Forum,2017,36(S):48-50.
[10]孙海芳,钱浩东,杨成新,等.利用钻井数据库搭建远程钻井辅助决策规划[J].钻采工艺,2011,34(6):1-3,5.Sun Haifang,Qian Haodong,Yang Chengxin,et al.Building drilling remote decision-making system by using the drilling database[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2011,34(6):1-3,5.
[11]肖莉,杨传书,赵金海,等.钻井工程决策支持系统关键技术[J].石油钻探技术,2015,43(2):38-43.Xiao Li,Yang Chuanshu,Zhao Jinhai,et al.Key technologies of drilling engineering decision support systems[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2015,43(2):38-43.
[12]Shell Aberdeen.RTOC supports collaborative well-delivery process[EB/OL].http://www.landmark.solutions/Portals/0/LMSDocs/CaseStudies/2012-06-shell-aberdeen-rtoc-case-study.pdf.
[13]Applied fluids optimization(AFO)service enables cross-discipline collaboration in operator’s RTOC,Halliburton,2010[EB/OL].https://www.halliburton.com/en-US/ps/sperry/real-timeservices/real-time-applications/default.html?node-id=hhiycvwm#.
[14]Sperry remote operations centerTM(ROCTM)in Saudi Arabia,Halliburton,2010[EB/OL].https://www.halliburton.com/en-US/ps/sperry/real-time-services/real-time-centers.html?node-id=hhiycvwo#.
[15]Middle East:Remote operating centers successfully optimize geosteering efforts to maximize exposure in extremely thin clastic reservoir[EB/OL].https://www.halliburton.com/content/dam/ps/public/ss/contents/Case_Histories/web/H07993_Saudi_ADR.pdf?node-id=hhiycvwo&nav=en-US_sperry_public.
[16]李智鹏,许京国,尤军,等.石油钻探物联网实时远程作业中心设计综述[J].石油工业计算机应用,2014(2):16-21.Li Zhipeng,Xu Jingguo,You Jun,et al.Overview of real-time remote operations centers with oil drilling internet of things[J].Computer Applications of Petroleum,2014(2):16-21.
[17]薄芳芳.钻井工程数据实时采集与远程传输系统设计与实现[D].上海:上海交通大学,2011.Bo Fangfang.Design and implementation of drilling project data real-time acquisition and transmission system[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiaotong University,2011.
[18]米玲.基于VR技术的控压钻井节流回压远程控制系统的设计[D].成都:西南石油大学,2016.Mi Ling.Design of remote control system for throttling and backpressure of pressure-controlled drilling based on VRtechnology[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2016.
[19]张瑞佳.面向石油录井的远程专家决策支持系统研究与实现[D].西安:西安石油大学,2018.Zhang Ruijia.Research and implementation of remote expert decision support system for petroleum logging[D].Xi’an:Xi’an Shiyou University,2018.
[20]杨传书,张好林,肖莉.自动化钻井关键技术进展与发展趋势[J].石油机械,2017,45(5):10-17.Yang Chuanshu,Zhang Haolin,Xiao Li.Key technical progress and development trend of automated drilling[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2017,45(5):10-17.
[21]刘志坤,李琪,高晓荣.导向钻井远程决策指挥中数据仓库技术的应用研究[J].钻采工艺,2007,30(3):13-15.Liu Zhikun,Li Qi,Gao Xiaorong.Applied research of data warehouse technology in remote decision-making command of steering drilling[J].Drilling and Production Technology,2007,30(3):13-15.