基于SWAT模型的枣阳市滚河流域非点源污染模拟与控制研究
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摘要
枣阳市滚河流域畜禽养殖污粪和生活污水散乱排放,非点源污染严重,琚湾控制断面水质严重超标。基于实测水文水质数据,通过污染源计算和水质现状评价确定了流域水环境问题,以SWAT模型为基础,构建了枣阳滚河流域非点源污染模型,并对其进行参数率定与模型验证,模拟了2013-2015年流域COD和NH3—N负荷以及琚湾断面的水质变化情况。结果表明:2015年枣阳市COD和NH3—N负荷分别为49842. 92和6681. 08 t,研究区以非点源污染负荷为主,其中,畜禽养殖污染所占比例最大,COD和NH3—N对流域总负荷的贡献率为45. 62%和35. 68%,城镇和农村生活污水其次,种植业污染负荷较低。为此,提出了以非点源污染控制为主的流域水体污染物排放总量控制措施和负荷削减方案,并对各削减方案实施效果进行了模拟。
The manure and domestic sewage of livestock and poultry breeding in the Gun river basin of Zaoyang City are scattered and discharged,and the non-point source pollution are serious. The water quality of the Juwan Control Section was seriously polluted. Using the measured hydrological and water quality data,the water environmental problems of the basin were determined by the calculation of pollution source and water quality status. Based on SWAT model,the non-point source pollution model was constructed,and its parameters were calibrated and validated. The COD and NH3—N loads of the basin and the water qualitative change of the Juwan section were simulated in 2013-2015. The results showed that the COD and NH3—N loads of Zaoyang City in 2015 were 49842. 92 t and 6681. 08 t,respectively.The study area was dominated by non-point source pollution loads,of which livestock and poultry farming accounted for the largest proportion. The contribution rate of total watershed load was 45. 62% and35. 68%,for COD and NH3—N,respectively,followed by urban and rural domestic sewage,and the pollution load of planting industry is low. Therefore,the total amount control measures and load reduction schemes of pollutant discharge in river basins,which were mainly controlled by non-point source pollution,were put forward,and the implementation effects of these schemes were simulated.
The manure and domestic sewage of livestock and poultry breeding in the Gun river basin of Zaoyang City are scattered and discharged,and the non-point source pollution are serious. The water quality of the Juwan Control Section was seriously polluted. Using the measured hydrological and water quality data,the water environmental problems of the basin were determined by the calculation of pollution source and water quality status. Based on SWAT model,the non-point source pollution model was constructed,and its parameters were calibrated and validated. The COD and NH3—N loads of the basin and the water qualitative change of the Juwan section were simulated in 2013-2015. The results showed that the COD and NH3—N loads of Zaoyang City in 2015 were 49842. 92 t and 6681. 08 t,respectively.The study area was dominated by non-point source pollution loads,of which livestock and poultry farming accounted for the largest proportion. The contribution rate of total watershed load was 45. 62% and35. 68%,for COD and NH3—N,respectively,followed by urban and rural domestic sewage,and the pollution load of planting industry is low. Therefore,the total amount control measures and load reduction schemes of pollutant discharge in river basins,which were mainly controlled by non-point source pollution,were put forward,and the implementation effects of these schemes were simulated.
引文
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[21]高正,黄介生,曾文治,等.基于SWAT模型的清江长阳段非点源污染及其控制方案研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2016(9):174-177.
[2]袁媛,雷晓辉,蒋云钟,等.基于SWAT模型的西江流域径流模拟研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2015(3):14-17+21.
[3]陈肖敏,郭平,彭虹,等.子流域划分对SWAT模型模拟结果的影响研究[J].人民长江,2016,47(23):44-49.
[4]SHI Yingyuan,XU Gaohong,WANG Yonggui,et al. Modelling hydrology and water quality processes in the Pengxi River basin of the Three Gorges Reservoir using the soil and water assessment tool[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2017,182:24-38.
[5]夏军,NGHIA H H,曾思栋.高强度人类活动影响下永定河北京段水质水量模拟[J].水文,2013,33(5):1-6+27.
[6]WANG Yonggui,ZHANG Wanshun,ENGEL B A,et al.A fast mobile early warning system for water quality emergency risk in ungauged river basins[J]. Environmental Modelling&Software,2015,73:76-89.
[7]YASARER L M W,SINNATHAMBY S,STURM B S M.Impacts of biofuel-based land-use change on water quality and sustainability in a Kansas watershed[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2016,175:4-14.
[8]夏函,李斗果,王永桂,等.社会经济发展对三峡澎溪河流域氮磷负荷的影响[J].人民长江,2016,47(22):26-31.
[9]赵佳婧,张万顺,王永桂,等.基于较高精度土壤库的三峡水库汇水区径流模拟[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(3):45-52+58.
[10]MEKONNEN B A,MAZUREK K A,PUTZ G. Modeling of nutrient export and effects of management practices in a cold-climate prairie watershed:Assiniboine River watershed, Canada[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2016,180:235-251.
[11]KERR J M,DEPINTO J V,MCGRATH D,et al. Sustainable management of Great Lakes watersheds dominated by agricultural land use[J]. Journal of Great Lakes Research,2016,42(6):1252-1259.
[12]姜德娟,王琼,李瑞泽,等.基于SWAT模型的小清河流域总氮输出模拟研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2017,28(6):1-7.
[13]徐华山,徐宗学,刘品.漳卫南运河流域非点源污染负荷估算及最佳管理措施优选[J].环境科学,2013,34(3):882-891.
[14]石雯倩.汤浦水库流域水质变化及污染物总量控制模拟[D].杭州:浙江大学,2014.
[15]付意成,臧文斌,董飞,等.基于SWAT模型的浑太河流域农业面源污染物产生量估算[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(8):1-8.
[16]陈学凯,刘晓波,彭文启,等.程海流域非点源污染负荷估算及其控制对策[J].环境科学,2018,39(1):77-88.
[17] GREEN C H,GRIENSVEN A V. Autocalibration in hydrologic modeling:Using SWAT2005 in small-scale watersheds[J]. Environmental Modelling&Software,2008,23(4):422-434.
[18]姜德娟,王琼,李瑞泽,等.基于SWAT模型的小清河流域总氮输出模拟研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2017,28(6):1-7.
[19]李家科,杨静媛,李怀恩,等.基于SWAT模型的陕西沣河流域非点源污染模拟[J].水资源与水工程学报,2012,23(4):11-17.
[20]马放,姜晓峰,王立,等.基于SWAT模型的阿什河流域非点源污染控制措施[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(2):610-618.
[21]高正,黄介生,曾文治,等.基于SWAT模型的清江长阳段非点源污染及其控制方案研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2016(9):174-177.