体育锻炼能提升社会资本吗?——基于2014 JSNET调查数据的实证分析
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摘要
体育锻炼中产生的广泛联系为社会资本的创造提供良好平台。利用2014 JSNET(2014年社会网络与职业经历)8个城市的调查数据,将社会资本分为个体社会资本和集体社会资本,探索体育锻炼对于这2类社会资本的提升作用。回归模型发现:体育锻炼对个体社会资本和集体社会资本均有提升作用,但体育锻炼与社会资本大部分测量指标呈"倒U型"关系,中频率锻炼人群获取的社会资本最多;同时体育锻炼在提升社会资本含量时存在"马太效应"。提示:可将体育锻炼作为培育社会资本的途径,但应注意体育资源分配的均衡化发展。
The extensive links produced in physical exercise provide a good platform for the creation of social capital.Based on the eight urban survey data in 2014(JSNET 2014),this paper further divides social capital into individual social capital and collective social capital,and explores the promoting effect of physical exercise on these two types of social capital.The regression models found that physical exercise played a positive role in promoting both individual social capital and collective social capital,with the "inverted U"shown in the physical exercise and most of the measurement indexes of social capital.In addition,the moderate physical exercisers were the biggest winners in obtaining social capital.Meanwhile;physical exercise played a Matthew effect in improving social capital content.Therefore,physical exercise can be taken as a way to cultivate social capital,but the balanced development of the distribution of sports resources should be considered.
The extensive links produced in physical exercise provide a good platform for the creation of social capital.Based on the eight urban survey data in 2014(JSNET 2014),this paper further divides social capital into individual social capital and collective social capital,and explores the promoting effect of physical exercise on these two types of social capital.The regression models found that physical exercise played a positive role in promoting both individual social capital and collective social capital,with the "inverted U"shown in the physical exercise and most of the measurement indexes of social capital.In addition,the moderate physical exercisers were the biggest winners in obtaining social capital.Meanwhile;physical exercise played a Matthew effect in improving social capital content.Therefore,physical exercise can be taken as a way to cultivate social capital,but the balanced development of the distribution of sports resources should be considered.
引文
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[2] PUTNAM R D.Bowling alone:The collapse and revival of american community[M].New York:Simon & Schuster,2000:42-121
[3] FRED C.Sports clubs,social capital and social regeneration:III-defined interventions with hard to follow outcomes[J].Sport Sociology,2007,10(4):573-559
[4] ?RNULF S.Sport and social capital[J].Acta Sociology,2006,49(2):169-183
[5] 周结友,裴立新.社会资本:全民健身运动功能的一个研究视角[J].体育科学,2008,28(5):18-23
[6] 蔡东山.体育运动与大学生社会资本累积[J].福建师大福清分校学报,2008,88(5):86-89
[7] 田恩庆,仇军,方震平,等.“ 5·12” 灾后重建中体育参与对个体社会资本和身体健康的影响[J].成都体育学院学报,2014,40(11):43-49
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[9] 曹湘君.体育概论[M] .北京:北京体育学院出版,1988:3
[10] CARSPRSON C J.Physical activity,exercise and physical fitness :Definition s an distinctions for health related research[J] .Public Health Reports,1985,100(2):126-131
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[12] 体育词典编委会.体育词典[M] .上海:上海辞书出版社,1984:15
[13] 黄谦,张晓丽.社会资本理论在我国体育研究中的现状、特点与展望[J].上海体育学院学报,2018,42(3):17-22
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[22] 福山.信任:社会道德与繁荣的创造[M].李宛容,译.呼和浩特:远方出版社,1998:35-46
[23] 赵延东.测量西部城乡居民的社会资本[J].华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2006,45(6):48-52
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[25] ANDERSEN L L.Effect of physical exercise on workplace social capital:Cluster randomized controlled trial[J].Scandinavian Journal of Public Health,2015,43 (8) :810
[26] OTTESEN L.The development of social capital through football and running:studying an intervention program for inactive women[J].Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in sports,2010,20(s1):118-131
[27] 傅潮峰.体育锻炼对城市空巢老人社会网络影响的研究[D].曲阜:曲阜师范大学,2011:36
[28] 张梅.体育锻炼对提高青少年心理健康及人际关系的影响[J].南京体育学院学报(社会科学版),2016,30(5):88-94
[29] 张明泉.大学生体育锻炼与人际关系困扰:积极应对的完全中介作用[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2012:24
[30] 张瑞云,李海霞.体育组织参与对青少年体育社会资本的影响[C].南宁:全国体育科学大会论文集,2015:1428
[31] 任波.城市社区社会资本与老年人健身参与关系的实证研究:以太原市社区老年人为例[D].临汾:山西师范大学,2012:59
[32] GIOVANNI D B,STEFANO P.The effects of physical activity on social interactions:The case of trust and trustworthiness[J].Journal of Sports Economics,2017(6):1-12
[33] 阴志慧.体育专业与非体育专业大学生人际信任的比较研究[J].四川体育科学,2008(3)79-85
[34] 秦曼,董海军.体育拓展训练对大学生人际交往和人际信任影响的研究[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2017,36(3):89-92
[35] 刘红岩.国内外社会参与程度与参与形式研究述评[J].中国行政管理,2012(7):121-125
[36] JARVIE G.Communitarism,sport and social capital[J].Inter Rev Soc Sport,2003,38(2):139-153
[37] LOPEZ M H,MOORE K.Participation in sports and civic engagement[C]//The Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE).Maryland:[s.n.],2006:1-37
[38] Matthews M.At the heart:How culture and recreation intersect[C]//NZRA Conference.Auckland:[s.n.],2005:9,103
[39] HIROKAZU A.The relationship between regular exercise and social capital among Japanese community residents[J].International Journal of Sport and Health Science,2008,6:188-193
[40] SMITH P,FRANK J,MUSTARD C.Trends in educational inequalities in smoking and physical activity in Canada[J].Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health,2009,63( 3) :317 -323
[41] 彭大松.体育锻炼中的社会分层:现象、机制与思考[J].体育科学,2012,32(5):24-33
[42] 张文宏.城市居民社会网络资本的阶层差异[J].社会,2005(4):64-81
[43] 张敏.性别差异与社会资本不平等性探究[J].前沿,2008(9):139-142
[44] 程诚,姚远.社会资本与西部农村地区的收入不平等[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2014,14(5):115-122
[45] 朱锡平.社会资本获得性别差异及其影响:基于中国部分城市的经验分析[J].宁夏大学学报(人文社会科学版),2008,30(7):88-99
[46] 张学广.高考招生制度中的“竞争性资源配置”[J].复旦教育论坛,2009,7(6):48-50
[47] 默顿.论理论社会学[M].何兴凡,译.北京:华夏出版社,1990:104-105
[48] STEMPEL C.Adult participation sports as cultural capital[J].International Review for the Sociology of Sport,2005,40(1):411-432
[49] 福山.社会资本、公民社会与发展[J].曹义,编译.马克思主义与现实,2003(2):36-45
[2] PUTNAM R D.Bowling alone:The collapse and revival of american community[M].New York:Simon & Schuster,2000:42-121
[3] FRED C.Sports clubs,social capital and social regeneration:III-defined interventions with hard to follow outcomes[J].Sport Sociology,2007,10(4):573-559
[4] ?RNULF S.Sport and social capital[J].Acta Sociology,2006,49(2):169-183
[5] 周结友,裴立新.社会资本:全民健身运动功能的一个研究视角[J].体育科学,2008,28(5):18-23
[6] 蔡东山.体育运动与大学生社会资本累积[J].福建师大福清分校学报,2008,88(5):86-89
[7] 田恩庆,仇军,方震平,等.“ 5·12” 灾后重建中体育参与对个体社会资本和身体健康的影响[J].成都体育学院学报,2014,40(11):43-49
[8] 中国大百科全书编委会.中国大百科全书·体育[M].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1986:1
[9] 曹湘君.体育概论[M] .北京:北京体育学院出版,1988:3
[10] CARSPRSON C J.Physical activity,exercise and physical fitness :Definition s an distinctions for health related research[J] .Public Health Reports,1985,100(2):126-131
[11] WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION.World health report[R].Geneva :World Health Organization,2002:61-62
[12] 体育词典编委会.体育词典[M] .上海:上海辞书出版社,1984:15
[13] 黄谦,张晓丽.社会资本理论在我国体育研究中的现状、特点与展望[J].上海体育学院学报,2018,42(3):17-22
[14] PIERRE B.The forms of capital in John G.Richardson (ed.) handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education[M].Westport:Greenwood Press,1986:241-258
[15] LIN N.Social capital:A theory of social structure and action[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,2001:9,61,78
[16] 边燕杰.社会网络与地位获得[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2012:28
[17] COLMAN J S.Social capital in the creation of human capital[J].American Journal of Sociology,1998:S95-S120
[18] MARSDEN P V.Core discussion networks of Americans[J].American Sociological Review,1987,52 (1) :122 -131
[19] 阮丹青,周路,布劳,等.天津城市居民社会网初析:兼与美国社会网比较[J].中国社会科学,1990(2):157-176
[20] LIN N,DUMIN M.Access to occupations through social ties[J].Social Networks,1986,8 (4):365-385
[21] PAXTON P.Is social capital declining in the United States?A multiple indicator assessment[J].American Journal of Sociology,1999,105(1) :88 -127
[22] 福山.信任:社会道德与繁荣的创造[M].李宛容,译.呼和浩特:远方出版社,1998:35-46
[23] 赵延东.测量西部城乡居民的社会资本[J].华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2006,45(6):48-52
[24] FRED C.A wider social role for sport:who’s keeping the score[M].Routledge Press,2007:49-64
[25] ANDERSEN L L.Effect of physical exercise on workplace social capital:Cluster randomized controlled trial[J].Scandinavian Journal of Public Health,2015,43 (8) :810
[26] OTTESEN L.The development of social capital through football and running:studying an intervention program for inactive women[J].Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in sports,2010,20(s1):118-131
[27] 傅潮峰.体育锻炼对城市空巢老人社会网络影响的研究[D].曲阜:曲阜师范大学,2011:36
[28] 张梅.体育锻炼对提高青少年心理健康及人际关系的影响[J].南京体育学院学报(社会科学版),2016,30(5):88-94
[29] 张明泉.大学生体育锻炼与人际关系困扰:积极应对的完全中介作用[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2012:24
[30] 张瑞云,李海霞.体育组织参与对青少年体育社会资本的影响[C].南宁:全国体育科学大会论文集,2015:1428
[31] 任波.城市社区社会资本与老年人健身参与关系的实证研究:以太原市社区老年人为例[D].临汾:山西师范大学,2012:59
[32] GIOVANNI D B,STEFANO P.The effects of physical activity on social interactions:The case of trust and trustworthiness[J].Journal of Sports Economics,2017(6):1-12
[33] 阴志慧.体育专业与非体育专业大学生人际信任的比较研究[J].四川体育科学,2008(3)79-85
[34] 秦曼,董海军.体育拓展训练对大学生人际交往和人际信任影响的研究[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2017,36(3):89-92
[35] 刘红岩.国内外社会参与程度与参与形式研究述评[J].中国行政管理,2012(7):121-125
[36] JARVIE G.Communitarism,sport and social capital[J].Inter Rev Soc Sport,2003,38(2):139-153
[37] LOPEZ M H,MOORE K.Participation in sports and civic engagement[C]//The Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE).Maryland:[s.n.],2006:1-37
[38] Matthews M.At the heart:How culture and recreation intersect[C]//NZRA Conference.Auckland:[s.n.],2005:9,103
[39] HIROKAZU A.The relationship between regular exercise and social capital among Japanese community residents[J].International Journal of Sport and Health Science,2008,6:188-193
[40] SMITH P,FRANK J,MUSTARD C.Trends in educational inequalities in smoking and physical activity in Canada[J].Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health,2009,63( 3) :317 -323
[41] 彭大松.体育锻炼中的社会分层:现象、机制与思考[J].体育科学,2012,32(5):24-33
[42] 张文宏.城市居民社会网络资本的阶层差异[J].社会,2005(4):64-81
[43] 张敏.性别差异与社会资本不平等性探究[J].前沿,2008(9):139-142
[44] 程诚,姚远.社会资本与西部农村地区的收入不平等[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2014,14(5):115-122
[45] 朱锡平.社会资本获得性别差异及其影响:基于中国部分城市的经验分析[J].宁夏大学学报(人文社会科学版),2008,30(7):88-99
[46] 张学广.高考招生制度中的“竞争性资源配置”[J].复旦教育论坛,2009,7(6):48-50
[47] 默顿.论理论社会学[M].何兴凡,译.北京:华夏出版社,1990:104-105
[48] STEMPEL C.Adult participation sports as cultural capital[J].International Review for the Sociology of Sport,2005,40(1):411-432
[49] 福山.社会资本、公民社会与发展[J].曹义,编译.马克思主义与现实,2003(2):36-45