旅游地快速交通优势度与旅游流强度的空间耦合分析
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摘要
以典型旅游地—云南省为研究案例,以高德交通大数据、统计数据等多源数据为基础,依据"路网及站点密度+通行规模+通行功能+区位优势度+换乘便捷度"的思路,构建快速交通优势度模型;基于旅游流"规模→消费→效益→效应"的历时性维度构建旅游流强度模型;采用加权TOPSIS法对二者评价值进行测算,并运用耦合四象限模型对两者耦合类型进行划分。结果发现:①快速交通与旅游流耦合存在显著空间差异性。昆明、红河和丽江呈现良性耦合协调,耦合类型表现为"高旅游流-高快速交通优势",而旅游化水平低、远离交通枢纽和主要交通干线的边缘地区,旅游流与快速交通耦合效应则表现为"低旅游流-低快速交通优势"。②快速交通优势度与旅游流强度呈正相关关系,不同快速交通方式与旅游流强度的拟合优度表现为"航空运输>高速公路>高速铁路"的特征。③云南省快速交通优势度与旅游流强度耦合水平总体偏低,快速交通发展的主导模式为协调互补模式,且缘于快速交通的"时间-空间收敛"效应和"组织-空间协同"效应,快速交通组合类型多样化与旅游流强度存在正相关关系。不同快速交通发展模式对旅游流强度的贡献效应表现出"多元共生模式>协调互补模式>单类孤立模式>低速交通维持模式"的特征。
Rapid transportation is a convenient channel for connecting space elements in the new era, as well as for increasing the vitality of regional development. Tourist flow is a phenomenon of collective spatial movement of tourists, which relies on traffic due to the similarity of tourist demand. Due to the non-transferability of tourism products and the rapid traffic dependence of tourism flow space displacement, rapid traffic has a major impact on the transfer flow, scale and spatial distribution of tourism flows. Therefore, revealing the spatial coupling relationship between rapid traffic and tourist flow has become an important issue. In this study, taking a typical tourist destination, Yunnan Province, as a research case, and based on multi-data such as Gaode traffic big data and statistical data, according to the thought process of"road network and site density + traffic size + traffic function + location superiority+ transfer convenience", a rapid traffic superiority model is constructed. In addition, based on the diachronic dimension of"scale → consumption → benefit →effect"of the tourist flow, a tourist flow intensity model is built. The weighted TOPSIS method is then used to measure the two evaluation values, and the coupling four-quadrant model is used to divide the coupling types. The results showed the following:(1) There is a significant spatial difference between the rapid traffic and tourist flow coupling. Kunming, Honghe and Lijiang showed strong coupling and coordination. The coupling type is "high tourist flow-high rapid traffic superiority", while at the fringe region with a low level of tourism, away from the transportation hub and main traffic arteries, the coupling effect of tourist flow and rapid traffic is characterized by"low tourist flow-low rapid traffic superiority".(2) There is a positive correlation between rapid traffic superiority and tourist flow intensity, and the goodness of fit between different rapid traffic modes and tourist flow intensities showed the characteristics of"air transport > highway > high speed railway".(3) The coupling level of rapid traffic superiority and tourist flow intensity in Yunnan Province is generally low, and the dominant mode of rapid traffic development is coordinated and complementary mode. In addition, due to the"time-space convergence"effect and"organization-space synergy"effect of rapid traffic,there is a positive correlation between the rapid traffic combination type diversification and the tourist flow intensity. The contribution effect of different rapid traffic development modes to the intensity of tourist flow showed the characteristics of "multiple symbiosis mode >coordination complementary mode > single class isolation mode > low speed traffic maintenance mode". From a spatial perspective, this paper explores the coupling and coordination situation between rapid traffic dominance and tourism flow intensity, and the results can be used to identify the bottleneck of regional tourism development. It is important for the promotion of regional rapid transit facilities construction and improvement of tourism performance level to achieve synergy between rapid traffic and tourism flow intensity. At the same time, the results also provide references for other similar areas.
Rapid transportation is a convenient channel for connecting space elements in the new era, as well as for increasing the vitality of regional development. Tourist flow is a phenomenon of collective spatial movement of tourists, which relies on traffic due to the similarity of tourist demand. Due to the non-transferability of tourism products and the rapid traffic dependence of tourism flow space displacement, rapid traffic has a major impact on the transfer flow, scale and spatial distribution of tourism flows. Therefore, revealing the spatial coupling relationship between rapid traffic and tourist flow has become an important issue. In this study, taking a typical tourist destination, Yunnan Province, as a research case, and based on multi-data such as Gaode traffic big data and statistical data, according to the thought process of"road network and site density + traffic size + traffic function + location superiority+ transfer convenience", a rapid traffic superiority model is constructed. In addition, based on the diachronic dimension of"scale → consumption → benefit →effect"of the tourist flow, a tourist flow intensity model is built. The weighted TOPSIS method is then used to measure the two evaluation values, and the coupling four-quadrant model is used to divide the coupling types. The results showed the following:(1) There is a significant spatial difference between the rapid traffic and tourist flow coupling. Kunming, Honghe and Lijiang showed strong coupling and coordination. The coupling type is "high tourist flow-high rapid traffic superiority", while at the fringe region with a low level of tourism, away from the transportation hub and main traffic arteries, the coupling effect of tourist flow and rapid traffic is characterized by"low tourist flow-low rapid traffic superiority".(2) There is a positive correlation between rapid traffic superiority and tourist flow intensity, and the goodness of fit between different rapid traffic modes and tourist flow intensities showed the characteristics of"air transport > highway > high speed railway".(3) The coupling level of rapid traffic superiority and tourist flow intensity in Yunnan Province is generally low, and the dominant mode of rapid traffic development is coordinated and complementary mode. In addition, due to the"time-space convergence"effect and"organization-space synergy"effect of rapid traffic,there is a positive correlation between the rapid traffic combination type diversification and the tourist flow intensity. The contribution effect of different rapid traffic development modes to the intensity of tourist flow showed the characteristics of "multiple symbiosis mode >coordination complementary mode > single class isolation mode > low speed traffic maintenance mode". From a spatial perspective, this paper explores the coupling and coordination situation between rapid traffic dominance and tourism flow intensity, and the results can be used to identify the bottleneck of regional tourism development. It is important for the promotion of regional rapid transit facilities construction and improvement of tourism performance level to achieve synergy between rapid traffic and tourism flow intensity. At the same time, the results also provide references for other similar areas.
引文
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[6]姚梦汝,陈焱明,周桢津,等.中国-东盟旅游流网络结构特征与重心轨迹演变.经济地理,2018,38(7):181-189.[Yao Mengru,Chen Yanming,Zhou Zhenjin,et al.The evolution of structural features and gravity enter for China-ASEANTourist Flow Network.Economic Geography,2018,38(7):181-189.]
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[10]Froidh O.Perspectives for a future high-speed train in the Swedish domestic travel market.Journal of Transport Geography,2008,16(4):268-277.
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[12]汪德根,陈田,陆林,等.区域旅游流空间结构的高铁效应及机理:以中国京沪高铁为例.地理学报,2015,70(2):214-233.[Wang Degen,Chen Tian,Lu Lin,et al.Mechanism and HSR effect of spatial structure of regional tourist flow:Case study of Beijing-Shanghai HSR in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(2):214-233.]
[13]Spasojevic B,Lohmann G,Scott N.Air transport and tourism:A systematic literature review(2000-2014).Current Issues in Tourism,2018,21(9):975-997.
[14]王新越,赵文丽.我国高铁通达性与区域旅游经济耦合关系及空间特征分析.中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版),2017,(1):77-83.[Wang Xinyue,Zhao Wenli.Analysis of coupling relation between high-speed railway accessibility and regional tourism economics and its spatial characteristics.Journal of Ocean University of China(Social Sciences),2017,(1):77-83.]
[15]郭向阳,穆学青,明庆忠.云南省旅游经济与交通系统耦合空间态势分析.经济地理,2017,37(9):200-206.[Guo Xiangyang,Mu Xueqing,Ming Qingzhong.Coupling space situation of tourism economy and traffic system in Yunnan.Economic Geography,2017,37(9):200-206.]
[16]戢晓峰,姜莉,陈方.云南省县域城镇化与交通优势度的时空协同性演化分析.地理科学,2017,37(12):1875-1884.[Ji Xiaofeng,Jiang Li,Chen Fang.Spatio-temporal cooperative evolution analysis of transportation superiority and county urbanization in Yunnan Province.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(12):1875.]
[17]金凤君,王成金,李秀伟.中国区域交通优势的甄别方法及应用分析.地理学报,2008,63(8):787-798.[Jin Fengjun,Wang Chengjin,Li Xiuwei.Discrimination method and its application analysis of regional transport superiority.Acta Geographica Sinica,2008,63(8):787-798.]
[18]王成新,王格芳,刘瑞超,等.区域交通优势度评价模型的建立与实证:以山东省为例.人文地理,2010,25(1):73-76.[Wang Chengxin,Wang Gefang,Liu Ruichao,et al.Empirical research on evaluation model of transport superiority degree:A case study of Shandong Province.Human Geography,2010,25(1):73-76.]
[19]崔学刚,方创琳,张蔷.山东半岛城市群高速交通优势度与土地利用效率的空间关系.地理学报,2018,73(6):1149-1161.[Cui Xuegang,Fang Chuanglin,Zhang Qiang.Spatial relationship between high-speed transport superiority degree and land-use efficiency in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration.Acta Geographica Sinica,2018,73(6):1149-1161.]
[20]谢彦君.基础旅游学.北京:商务印书馆,2015:248-278.[Xie Yanjun.Basic Tourism.Beijing:The Commercial Press,2015:248-278.]
[21]张春晖,马耀峰,吴晶,等.供需视角下西部入境旅游流与目的地耦合协调度及其时空分异研究.经济地理,2013,33(10):174-181.[Zhang Chunhui,Ma Yaofeng,Wu Jing,et al.Coupling coordination degree between inbound tourist flows and destinations and its spatio-temporal differences in the western region of China:A study from the perspective of supply-demand relationship.Economic Geography,2013,33(10):174-181.]
[22]彭邦文,武友德,曹洪华,等.基于系统耦合的旅游业与新型城镇化协调发展分析.世界地理研究,2016,25(2):103-114.[Peng Bangwen,Wu Youde,Cao Honghua,et al.Coupling coordination research of tourism industry and new urbanization:A case study of Yunnan.World Regional Studies,2016,25(2):103-114.]
[23]舒小林,高应蓓,张元霞,等.旅游产业与生态文明城市耦合关系及协调发展研究.中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(3):82-90.[Shu Xiaolin,Gao Yingbei,Zhang Yuanxia,et al.Study on the coupling relationship and coordinative development between tourism industry and eco-civilization city.China Population,Resources and Environment,2015,25(3):82-90.]
[24]陈兆荣,雷勋平.基于熵权可拓的我国能源安全评价模型.系统工程,2017,33(7):153-158.[Chen Zhaorong,Lei Xunping.Evaluating energy security in China based on entropy weight extension model.Systems Engineering,2017,33(7):153-158.]
[2]秦静,李郎平,唐鸣镝,等.基于地理标记照片的北京市入境旅游流空间特征.地理学报,2018,73(8):1556-1570.[Qin Jing,Li Langping,Tang Mingdi,et al.Exploring the spatial characteristics of Beijing inbound tourist flow based on geotagged photos.Acta Geographica Sinica,2018,73(8):1556-1570.]
[3]张佑印.北京入境集聚扩散旅游流时空演变规律及动力机制研究.西安:陕西师范大学博士学位论文,2010:27-100.[Zhang Youyin.Research on the Temporal and Spatial Evolution Law and Dynamic Mechanism of Beijing Inbound Cluster Tourism Flow.Xi'an:Doctoral Dissertation of Shaanxi Normal University,2010:27-100.]
[4]郑鹏,马耀峰,王洁洁,等.基于“推-拉”理论的美国旅游者旅华流动影响因素研究.人文地理,2010,25(5):112-117.[Zheng Peng,Ma Yaofeng,Wang Jiejie,et al.A study of the influrncing factors of the inbound tourists from the U.S.Abased on“push-pull”theory.Human Geography,2010,25(5):112-117.]
[5]刘军胜,马耀峰.基于发生学与系统论的旅游流与目的地供需耦合成长演化与驱动机制研究:以西安市为例.地理研究,2017,36(8):1583-1600.[Liu Junsheng,Ma Yaofeng.The evolution and driving mechanism of the supply and demand coupling about tourism flow and destination system based on the genesis and system theory:Taking Xi'an as an example.Geographical Research,2017,36(8):1583-1600.]
[6]姚梦汝,陈焱明,周桢津,等.中国-东盟旅游流网络结构特征与重心轨迹演变.经济地理,2018,38(7):181-189.[Yao Mengru,Chen Yanming,Zhou Zhenjin,et al.The evolution of structural features and gravity enter for China-ASEANTourist Flow Network.Economic Geography,2018,38(7):181-189.]
[7]Scott N,Cooper C,Baggio R.Destination networks:Four Australian cases.Annals of Tourism Research,2008,35(1):169-188.
[8]Alvin C,Loris S,Ernesto M,et al.Mapping cilento:Using geotagged social media data to characterize tourist flows in southern Italy.Tourism Management,2016,57(12):295-310.
[9]徐敏,黄震方,曹芳东,等.基于在线预订数据分析的旅游流网络结构特征与影响因素:以长三角地区为例.经济地理,2018,38(6):193-202.[Xu Min,Huang Zhenfang,Cao Fangdong,et al.The network structure features and influence factors of tourism flows based on online data analysis:Taking the Yangtze River Delta Region as an example.Economic Geography,2018,38(6):193-202.]
[10]Froidh O.Perspectives for a future high-speed train in the Swedish domestic travel market.Journal of Transport Geography,2008,16(4):268-277.
[11]王兆峰,徐赛.不同交通方式对旅游效率的影响与评价:以张家界为例.地理科学,2018,38(7):1148-1155.[Wang Zhaofeng,Xu Sai.Influence and evaluation of different traffic modes on tourism efficiency:Taking Zhangjiajie as an example.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2018,38(7):1148-1155.]
[12]汪德根,陈田,陆林,等.区域旅游流空间结构的高铁效应及机理:以中国京沪高铁为例.地理学报,2015,70(2):214-233.[Wang Degen,Chen Tian,Lu Lin,et al.Mechanism and HSR effect of spatial structure of regional tourist flow:Case study of Beijing-Shanghai HSR in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(2):214-233.]
[13]Spasojevic B,Lohmann G,Scott N.Air transport and tourism:A systematic literature review(2000-2014).Current Issues in Tourism,2018,21(9):975-997.
[14]王新越,赵文丽.我国高铁通达性与区域旅游经济耦合关系及空间特征分析.中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版),2017,(1):77-83.[Wang Xinyue,Zhao Wenli.Analysis of coupling relation between high-speed railway accessibility and regional tourism economics and its spatial characteristics.Journal of Ocean University of China(Social Sciences),2017,(1):77-83.]
[15]郭向阳,穆学青,明庆忠.云南省旅游经济与交通系统耦合空间态势分析.经济地理,2017,37(9):200-206.[Guo Xiangyang,Mu Xueqing,Ming Qingzhong.Coupling space situation of tourism economy and traffic system in Yunnan.Economic Geography,2017,37(9):200-206.]
[16]戢晓峰,姜莉,陈方.云南省县域城镇化与交通优势度的时空协同性演化分析.地理科学,2017,37(12):1875-1884.[Ji Xiaofeng,Jiang Li,Chen Fang.Spatio-temporal cooperative evolution analysis of transportation superiority and county urbanization in Yunnan Province.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(12):1875.]
[17]金凤君,王成金,李秀伟.中国区域交通优势的甄别方法及应用分析.地理学报,2008,63(8):787-798.[Jin Fengjun,Wang Chengjin,Li Xiuwei.Discrimination method and its application analysis of regional transport superiority.Acta Geographica Sinica,2008,63(8):787-798.]
[18]王成新,王格芳,刘瑞超,等.区域交通优势度评价模型的建立与实证:以山东省为例.人文地理,2010,25(1):73-76.[Wang Chengxin,Wang Gefang,Liu Ruichao,et al.Empirical research on evaluation model of transport superiority degree:A case study of Shandong Province.Human Geography,2010,25(1):73-76.]
[19]崔学刚,方创琳,张蔷.山东半岛城市群高速交通优势度与土地利用效率的空间关系.地理学报,2018,73(6):1149-1161.[Cui Xuegang,Fang Chuanglin,Zhang Qiang.Spatial relationship between high-speed transport superiority degree and land-use efficiency in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration.Acta Geographica Sinica,2018,73(6):1149-1161.]
[20]谢彦君.基础旅游学.北京:商务印书馆,2015:248-278.[Xie Yanjun.Basic Tourism.Beijing:The Commercial Press,2015:248-278.]
[21]张春晖,马耀峰,吴晶,等.供需视角下西部入境旅游流与目的地耦合协调度及其时空分异研究.经济地理,2013,33(10):174-181.[Zhang Chunhui,Ma Yaofeng,Wu Jing,et al.Coupling coordination degree between inbound tourist flows and destinations and its spatio-temporal differences in the western region of China:A study from the perspective of supply-demand relationship.Economic Geography,2013,33(10):174-181.]
[22]彭邦文,武友德,曹洪华,等.基于系统耦合的旅游业与新型城镇化协调发展分析.世界地理研究,2016,25(2):103-114.[Peng Bangwen,Wu Youde,Cao Honghua,et al.Coupling coordination research of tourism industry and new urbanization:A case study of Yunnan.World Regional Studies,2016,25(2):103-114.]
[23]舒小林,高应蓓,张元霞,等.旅游产业与生态文明城市耦合关系及协调发展研究.中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(3):82-90.[Shu Xiaolin,Gao Yingbei,Zhang Yuanxia,et al.Study on the coupling relationship and coordinative development between tourism industry and eco-civilization city.China Population,Resources and Environment,2015,25(3):82-90.]
[24]陈兆荣,雷勋平.基于熵权可拓的我国能源安全评价模型.系统工程,2017,33(7):153-158.[Chen Zhaorong,Lei Xunping.Evaluating energy security in China based on entropy weight extension model.Systems Engineering,2017,33(7):153-158.]