粗颗粒硫酸盐渍土地基盐-冻胀界限深度模型试验
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摘要
为完善粗颗粒硫酸盐渍土盐胀理论,研究其盐–冻胀力的影响因素及变化机制,人工配制96组粗颗粒硫酸盐渍土试样,通过自主设计的试验装置,进行室内模型试验研究。结果表明:盐–冻胀力的敏感温度区间为-0.2～-1.0℃;含盐量不影响盐–冻胀力随温度的增长规律,与含水量共同决定最大盐–冻胀力的大小;对于相同孔隙比的试样,含水量的增加使其发生峰值盐–冻胀力所需的含盐量增加。当含盐量一定时,含水量的增加反而使其峰值盐–冻胀力减小;盐渍土试样在孔隙比为0.55和0.58时峰值盐–冻胀力分别出现极小值和极大值,这与盐分在土颗粒骨架间的结晶位置有关。基于试验结果,运用分层总和法给出工程适用的粗颗粒硫酸盐渍土地基盐–冻胀界限深度表达式,为粗颗粒硫酸盐渍土地基盐–冻胀变形的量化评价和设计提供重要参考依据。
In order to perfect the salt expansion theory of coarse-grained saline soil and explore the influencing factors and mechanism of the salt-frost heaving force,96 groups of coarse-grained sulphate saline soil samples are prepared artificially then indoor model tests have been carried out by self-designed test device. Test results showed that the sensitive range of temperature on the salt-frost heaving force is-0.2℃～-1.0℃.The salt content had no influence on the rules that the salt-frost heaving force increasing with temperature and determines the maximum salt-frost heaving force together with water content. For samples with same void ratio, the increasing water content led to an increased amount of the salinity which resulted in the maximum salt-frost heaving force. When the salt content kept constant, however, the increase of water content caused the decrease of maximum salt-frost heaving force. The maximum salt-frost heaving force achieved the maximum and minimum values when the void ratio was 0.58 and 0.55, respectively, which was related to the crystallization position of salt in the soil frame. Furthermore, based on the test results, a mathematical expression of frost heaving limit depth of coarse-grained sulphate saline soil is given by the hierarchical synthesis method,which is expected to provide guidance for the quantitative evaluation and design of salt-frost heaving deformation of coarse-grained sulphate saline soil.
In order to perfect the salt expansion theory of coarse-grained saline soil and explore the influencing factors and mechanism of the salt-frost heaving force,96 groups of coarse-grained sulphate saline soil samples are prepared artificially then indoor model tests have been carried out by self-designed test device. Test results showed that the sensitive range of temperature on the salt-frost heaving force is-0.2℃～-1.0℃.The salt content had no influence on the rules that the salt-frost heaving force increasing with temperature and determines the maximum salt-frost heaving force together with water content. For samples with same void ratio, the increasing water content led to an increased amount of the salinity which resulted in the maximum salt-frost heaving force. When the salt content kept constant, however, the increase of water content caused the decrease of maximum salt-frost heaving force. The maximum salt-frost heaving force achieved the maximum and minimum values when the void ratio was 0.58 and 0.55, respectively, which was related to the crystallization position of salt in the soil frame. Furthermore, based on the test results, a mathematical expression of frost heaving limit depth of coarse-grained sulphate saline soil is given by the hierarchical synthesis method,which is expected to provide guidance for the quantitative evaluation and design of salt-frost heaving deformation of coarse-grained sulphate saline soil.
引文
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[12]Wan Xusheng,Lai Yuanming.Experimental study on freezing temperature and salt crystal precipitation of sodium sulphate soulotion and sodium sulphate saline soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(11):2090-2096.[万旭升,赖远明.硫酸钠溶液和硫酸钠盐渍土的冻结温度及盐晶析出试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(11):2090-2096.]
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[14]Wan Xusheng,Lai Yuanming.Expreiment study on the influence of cooling rate on salt crystallizing in sodium sulfate solution[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2016,38(2):431-437.[万旭升,赖远明.降温速率对硫酸钠晶体析出影响的试验研究[J].冰川冻土,2016,38(2):431-437.]
[15]常士骠,张苏民.工程地质手册[M].4版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[2]Zhang Shasha,Xie Yongli,Yang Xiaohua,et al.Research on microstructure of crude coarse grain saline soil under freezing and thawing cycles[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(1):123-127.[张莎莎,谢永利,杨晓华,等.典型天然粗粒盐渍土盐胀微观机制分析[J].岩土力学,2010,31(1):123-127.]
[3]Zhang Shasha.Study on the characteristic of the coarse grain clay sulfate salty soil[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2007.[张莎莎.粗颗粒硫酸盐盐渍土盐胀特性试验研究[D].西安:长安大学,2007.]
[4]Zhang Shasha,Yang Xiaohua,Dai Zhiren.Experimental study on salt expansion of gravel sulfate salty soil based on uniform design[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2009,26(5):29-34.[张莎莎,杨晓华,戴志仁.基于均匀设计的砾类硫酸盐渍土盐胀特性试验研究[J].公路交通科技,2009,26(5):29-34.]
[5]Bing Hui,He Ping.Experimental study of water and salt redistributions of saline with different freezing modes[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(8):2307-2312.[邴慧,何平.不同冻结方式下盐渍土水盐重分布规律的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(8):2307-2312.]
[6]Yang Xiangrong,Liu Yafeng,Yang Peng,et al.In-suit test on causes of cemented layer in Hexi sandy saline(sulfate)land base[J].Journal of Enginering Geology,2013,21(4):524-539.[杨向荣,刘亚峰,杨鹏,等.河西砂类盐渍(硫酸盐)土地基中胶结层形成原因初探[J].工程地质学报,2013,21(4):524-539.]
[7]Yang Peng,Zhu Yanpeng,Cao Yapeng,et al.Experimental study on deformation property of coarse particles(sulfate)saline soil with the moisture content once descending condition[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(10):2909-2915.[杨鹏,朱彦鹏,曹亚鹏,等.含水率单次递减条件下粗颗粒硫酸盐渍土盐胀的室内模拟试验[J].岩土力学,2017,38(10):2909-2915.]
[8]徐学祖.土体冻胀和盐胀机理[J].地球科学进展,1998,13(6):592.
[9]Shi Zhaoxu,Li Bin,Jin Yingchun.An experimental analysis of expending regularity and affecting elements on sulphate salty soil[J].Journal of Xi’an Highway Transportation University,1994,14(2):15-21.[石兆旭,李斌,金应春.硫酸盐渍土膨胀规律及影响因素的试验分析[J].西安公路学院学报,1994,14(2):15-21.]
[10]Wu Qingbai,Sun Tao,Tao Zhaoxiang,et al.Experimental studies on the salt expansion of coarse grain saline soils under constant temperature[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2001,23(3):238-243.[吴青柏,孙涛,陶兆祥,等.恒温下含硫酸钠盐粗颗粒土盐胀特征及过程研究[J].冰川冻土,2001,23(3):238-243.]
[11]Xiao Zean,Lai Yuanming,You Zhemin.Experimental study on impact of salt content on deformation characteristics of sodium sulfate soil under freeze-thaw conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017,39(5):953-959.[肖泽岸,赖远明,尤哲敏.冻融循环作用下含盐量对Na2SO4土体变形特性影响的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2017,39(5):953-959.]
[12]Wan Xusheng,Lai Yuanming.Experimental study on freezing temperature and salt crystal precipitation of sodium sulphate soulotion and sodium sulphate saline soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(11):2090-2096.[万旭升,赖远明.硫酸钠溶液和硫酸钠盐渍土的冻结温度及盐晶析出试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(11):2090-2096.]
[13]朱文涛.基础物理化学:下册[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2011.
[14]Wan Xusheng,Lai Yuanming.Expreiment study on the influence of cooling rate on salt crystallizing in sodium sulfate solution[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2016,38(2):431-437.[万旭升,赖远明.降温速率对硫酸钠晶体析出影响的试验研究[J].冰川冻土,2016,38(2):431-437.]
[15]常士骠,张苏民.工程地质手册[M].4版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.