柠檬酸钠对电解抛光金属钨的影响
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摘要
采用硫酸-甲醇-柠檬酸钠电解液体系对金属钨进行电解抛光。通过改变柠檬酸钠的浓度,采用电子扫描电镜和原子力显微镜分析电解抛光金属钨试样表面的微观形貌和表面粗糙度的变化规律,探究柠檬酸钠在钨电解抛光的作用机理。结果表明,在电解液中柠檬酸钠浓度为0.25mol/L时试样获得最小的表面粗糙度和较好表面形貌。
In this paper,a sulfuric acid-methanol-sodium citrate system that can be used to polish tungsten alloys was studied.By changing the concentration of sodium citrate,the microscopic morphology and surface roughness of the surface of the electropolished metal tungsten sample were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy to investigate the mechanism of action of sodium citrate in tungsten electropolishing.When the concentration of sodium citrate is low,the effect of electrolytic polishing is not obvious.When the concentration of sodium citrate is too high,the electrolytic polishing excessively destroys the surface.The results showed that the sample had the smallest surface roughness and good surface morphology when the concentration of sodium citrate in the electrolyte was 0.25 mol/L under the condition of 20 ℃,22 Vand 7 minutes polishing time.Tt showed that moderate amount of sodium citrate made a positive effect on electrolytic polishing.
In this paper,a sulfuric acid-methanol-sodium citrate system that can be used to polish tungsten alloys was studied.By changing the concentration of sodium citrate,the microscopic morphology and surface roughness of the surface of the electropolished metal tungsten sample were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy to investigate the mechanism of action of sodium citrate in tungsten electropolishing.When the concentration of sodium citrate is low,the effect of electrolytic polishing is not obvious.When the concentration of sodium citrate is too high,the electrolytic polishing excessively destroys the surface.The results showed that the sample had the smallest surface roughness and good surface morphology when the concentration of sodium citrate in the electrolyte was 0.25 mol/L under the condition of 20 ℃,22 Vand 7 minutes polishing time.Tt showed that moderate amount of sodium citrate made a positive effect on electrolytic polishing.
引文
[1] Badawy W A,El-Hafez G M A,Nady H.Electrochemical performance of tungsten electrode as cathode for hydrogen evolution in alkaline solutions[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2015,40(19):6276-6282.
[2] Wang Dingchun,Xia Yaoqin.Research and new development of domestic tungsten and tungsten alloys[J].China Tungsten Industry,2001,16(5-6):91-95(in Chinese).王鼎春,夏耀勤.国内钨及钨合金的研究新进展[J].中国钨业,2001,16(5-6):91-95.
[3] Hui Deng,Rui Huang,Kui Liu,et al.Abrasive-free polishing of tungsten alloy using electrochemical etching[J].Electrochemistry Communications,2017,82:80-84.
[4] Song Ping,Xing Pifeng,Shen Jiajun.Feasibility study on tungsten electropolishing of sulfuric acid-methanol system[J].Electroplating&Finishing,2009,28(3):27-30(in Chinese).宋萍,邢丕峰,谌家军.硫酸-甲醇体系钨电解抛光的可行性研究[J].电镀与涂饰,2009,28(3):27-30.
[5] Wu Wei,Hu Shubing.Study on cutting performance and surface adhesion behaviors of tungsten needle and stainless steel electrodes[J].Biomedical Engineering Progress,2017,38(3):155-158,166(in Chinese).吴薇,胡树兵.钨针与不锈钢电极微创电切性能及表面粘附行为研究[J].生物医学工程学进展,2017,38(3):155-158,166.
[6] Fu Xiaoyan,Su Yuejia,Xu Xia.Clinical analysis of minimally invasive tungsten knife electromyogram in the treatment of children's OSAHS with partial tonsillectomy[J].Guangdong Medicine,2017,38(22):3430-3432(in Chinese).付晓燕,苏悦嘉,徐夏.微创钨针刀电凝模式行扁桃体部分切除术治疗儿童OSAHS的疗效分析[J].广东医学,2017,38(22):3430-3432.
[7] Zhang Suyin,Du Kai,Shen Jiajun.Electropolishing technology research progress[J].Electroplating&Finishing,2007,26(2):48-50(in Chinese).张素银,杜凯,谌加军.电解抛光技术研究进展[J].电镀与涂饰,2007,26(2):48-50.
[8] Liu Debin,Qiu Longhui,Fu Zhibing.Electrolytic corrosion preparation and characterization of ultrafine tungsten wires[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2006,18(3):522-524(in Chinese).刘德斌,邱龙会,付志兵.超细钨丝的电解腐蚀制备及其性能表征[J].强激光与粒子束,2006,18(3):522-524.
[9] Liu Xudong,Zhou Xiuwen,Yang Bo.Optimization of process parameters for ultrafine filament continuous electropolishing[J].Atomic Energy Scinence and Technology,2010,44(9):1131-1135(in Chinese).刘旭东,周秀文,杨波.超细钨丝连续电解抛光工艺参数优化[J].原子能科学技术,2010,44(9):1131-1135.
[10] Chen Taiheng.The anodic behavior of wolfram in alkaline solution[J].Shanghai Nonferrous Metals,1994,15(4):203-206(in Chinese).陈泰亨.钨在碱性溶液中的阳极行为[J].上海有色金属,1994,15(4):203-206.
[11] Ju B F,Chen Y L,Fu M M.Systematic study of electropolishing technique for improving the quality and production reproducibility of tungsten STM probe[J].Sensors and Actuators A:Physical,2009,155(1):136-144.
[12] Hong Liangliang,Wang Sengin.Effect of sodium citrate on electrodeposition of cobalt-nickel alloy in sulfate system[J].Materials Protection,2007,40(5):4-6(in Chinese).洪亮亮,王森林.柠檬酸钠对硫酸盐体系钴-镍合金电沉积的影响[J].材料保护,2007,40(5):4-6.
[13] Bigos A,Beltowska-Lehman E,García-Lecina E,et al.Ultrasound-assisted electrodeposition of Ni and Ni-Mo coatings from a citrate-ammonia electrolyte solution[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2017,726:410-416.
[14] Xia Donglin,Zhao Xiujian,Li Jianzhuang.Influence of Na-citrate’s concentration on Cu(In,Ga)Se2thin films by electrodeposition[J].Journal of Synthetic Crystals,2005,34(4):704-708(in Chinese).夏冬林,赵修建,李建庄.柠檬酸钠的浓度对电沉积制备Cu(In,Ga)Se2薄膜的影响[J].人工晶体学报,2005,34(4):704-708.
[15] Lupi C,Dell’Era A,Pasquali M.Effectiveness of sodium citrate on electrodeposition process of Ni-Co-W alloys for hydrogen evolution reaction[J].Hydrogen Energy,2017,42(48):28766-28776.
[16] Ke Zhiqin,Wu Haojie,Song Zhenlun.Effect of sodium citrate content and pH on nickel plating on zinc alloy[J].Electroplating&Finishing,2010,29(10):9-12(in Chinese).柯知勤,吴浩杰,宋振纶.柠檬酸钠含量和pH对锌合金表面镀镍的影响[J].电镀与涂饰,2010,29(10):9-12.
[17] Zhang Ying,Zhou Changmin.Preparation and application of sodium citrate[J].Liaoning Chemical Industry,2007,36(5):350-352(in Chinese).张英,周长民.柠檬酸钠的特性与应用[J].辽宁化工,2007,36(5):350-352.
[18] Lokhande C D,Lee E H,Jung K D,et al.Electrosynthesis of cadmium selenide films from sodium citrate-selenosulphite bath[J].Materials Chemistry and Physics,2005,91(2-3):399-403.
[19] Slupska M,Ozga P.Electrodeposition of Sn-Zn-Cu alloys from citrate solutions[J].Electrochimica Acta,2014,141:149-160.
[2] Wang Dingchun,Xia Yaoqin.Research and new development of domestic tungsten and tungsten alloys[J].China Tungsten Industry,2001,16(5-6):91-95(in Chinese).王鼎春,夏耀勤.国内钨及钨合金的研究新进展[J].中国钨业,2001,16(5-6):91-95.
[3] Hui Deng,Rui Huang,Kui Liu,et al.Abrasive-free polishing of tungsten alloy using electrochemical etching[J].Electrochemistry Communications,2017,82:80-84.
[4] Song Ping,Xing Pifeng,Shen Jiajun.Feasibility study on tungsten electropolishing of sulfuric acid-methanol system[J].Electroplating&Finishing,2009,28(3):27-30(in Chinese).宋萍,邢丕峰,谌家军.硫酸-甲醇体系钨电解抛光的可行性研究[J].电镀与涂饰,2009,28(3):27-30.
[5] Wu Wei,Hu Shubing.Study on cutting performance and surface adhesion behaviors of tungsten needle and stainless steel electrodes[J].Biomedical Engineering Progress,2017,38(3):155-158,166(in Chinese).吴薇,胡树兵.钨针与不锈钢电极微创电切性能及表面粘附行为研究[J].生物医学工程学进展,2017,38(3):155-158,166.
[6] Fu Xiaoyan,Su Yuejia,Xu Xia.Clinical analysis of minimally invasive tungsten knife electromyogram in the treatment of children's OSAHS with partial tonsillectomy[J].Guangdong Medicine,2017,38(22):3430-3432(in Chinese).付晓燕,苏悦嘉,徐夏.微创钨针刀电凝模式行扁桃体部分切除术治疗儿童OSAHS的疗效分析[J].广东医学,2017,38(22):3430-3432.
[7] Zhang Suyin,Du Kai,Shen Jiajun.Electropolishing technology research progress[J].Electroplating&Finishing,2007,26(2):48-50(in Chinese).张素银,杜凯,谌加军.电解抛光技术研究进展[J].电镀与涂饰,2007,26(2):48-50.
[8] Liu Debin,Qiu Longhui,Fu Zhibing.Electrolytic corrosion preparation and characterization of ultrafine tungsten wires[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2006,18(3):522-524(in Chinese).刘德斌,邱龙会,付志兵.超细钨丝的电解腐蚀制备及其性能表征[J].强激光与粒子束,2006,18(3):522-524.
[9] Liu Xudong,Zhou Xiuwen,Yang Bo.Optimization of process parameters for ultrafine filament continuous electropolishing[J].Atomic Energy Scinence and Technology,2010,44(9):1131-1135(in Chinese).刘旭东,周秀文,杨波.超细钨丝连续电解抛光工艺参数优化[J].原子能科学技术,2010,44(9):1131-1135.
[10] Chen Taiheng.The anodic behavior of wolfram in alkaline solution[J].Shanghai Nonferrous Metals,1994,15(4):203-206(in Chinese).陈泰亨.钨在碱性溶液中的阳极行为[J].上海有色金属,1994,15(4):203-206.
[11] Ju B F,Chen Y L,Fu M M.Systematic study of electropolishing technique for improving the quality and production reproducibility of tungsten STM probe[J].Sensors and Actuators A:Physical,2009,155(1):136-144.
[12] Hong Liangliang,Wang Sengin.Effect of sodium citrate on electrodeposition of cobalt-nickel alloy in sulfate system[J].Materials Protection,2007,40(5):4-6(in Chinese).洪亮亮,王森林.柠檬酸钠对硫酸盐体系钴-镍合金电沉积的影响[J].材料保护,2007,40(5):4-6.
[13] Bigos A,Beltowska-Lehman E,García-Lecina E,et al.Ultrasound-assisted electrodeposition of Ni and Ni-Mo coatings from a citrate-ammonia electrolyte solution[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2017,726:410-416.
[14] Xia Donglin,Zhao Xiujian,Li Jianzhuang.Influence of Na-citrate’s concentration on Cu(In,Ga)Se2thin films by electrodeposition[J].Journal of Synthetic Crystals,2005,34(4):704-708(in Chinese).夏冬林,赵修建,李建庄.柠檬酸钠的浓度对电沉积制备Cu(In,Ga)Se2薄膜的影响[J].人工晶体学报,2005,34(4):704-708.
[15] Lupi C,Dell’Era A,Pasquali M.Effectiveness of sodium citrate on electrodeposition process of Ni-Co-W alloys for hydrogen evolution reaction[J].Hydrogen Energy,2017,42(48):28766-28776.
[16] Ke Zhiqin,Wu Haojie,Song Zhenlun.Effect of sodium citrate content and pH on nickel plating on zinc alloy[J].Electroplating&Finishing,2010,29(10):9-12(in Chinese).柯知勤,吴浩杰,宋振纶.柠檬酸钠含量和pH对锌合金表面镀镍的影响[J].电镀与涂饰,2010,29(10):9-12.
[17] Zhang Ying,Zhou Changmin.Preparation and application of sodium citrate[J].Liaoning Chemical Industry,2007,36(5):350-352(in Chinese).张英,周长民.柠檬酸钠的特性与应用[J].辽宁化工,2007,36(5):350-352.
[18] Lokhande C D,Lee E H,Jung K D,et al.Electrosynthesis of cadmium selenide films from sodium citrate-selenosulphite bath[J].Materials Chemistry and Physics,2005,91(2-3):399-403.
[19] Slupska M,Ozga P.Electrodeposition of Sn-Zn-Cu alloys from citrate solutions[J].Electrochimica Acta,2014,141:149-160.