PET技术在认知障碍相关疾病中的应用
摘要
<正>20世纪60年代,单光子发射计算机断层成像术(single-photon emission computed tomography,SPECT)和正电子发射断层成像术(positron emission tomography,PET)的问世使神经科学进入了脑功能影像研究的时代。时至今日,随着药物合成科学的发展,PET所用的示踪剂从脱氧葡萄糖发展到特异性结合分子病理结构的化合物。最近十余年
引文
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[5]Kim EJ,Cho SS,Jeong Y,et al.Glucose metabolism in early onset versus late onset Alzheimer's disease:an SPM analysis of 120patients[J].Brain,2005,128(Pt 8):1790-1801.
[6]Crutch SJ,Lehmann M,Schott JM,et al.Posterior cortical atrophy[J].Lancet Neurol,2012,11(2):170-178.
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[8]Rabinovici GD,Jagust WJ,Furst AJ,et al.Abeta amyloid and glucose metabolism in three variants of primary progressive aphasia[J].Ann Neurol,2008,64(4):388-401.
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[10]Graff-Radford J,Murray ME,Lowe VJ,et al.Dementia with Lewy bodies:basis of cingulate island sign[J].Neurology,2014,83(9):801-809.
[11]Kanda T,Ishii K,Uemura T,et al.Comparison of grey matter and metabolic reductions in frontotemporal dementia using FDG-PETand voxel-based morphometric MR studies[J].Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging,2008,35(12):2227-2234.
[12]Jeong Y,Cho SS,Park JM,et al.18F-FDG PET findings in frontotemporal dementia:an SPM analysis of 29 patients[J].J Nucl Med,2005,46(2):233-239.
[13]Diehl-Schmid J,Grimmer T,Drzezga A,et al.Decline of cerebral glucose metabolism in frontotemporal dementia:a longitudinal18F-FDG-PET-study[J].Neurobiol Aging,2007,28(1):42-50.
[14]Diehl J,Grimmer T,Drzezga A,et al.Cerebral metabolic patterns at early stages of frontotemporal dementia and semantic dementia.A PET study[J].Neurobiol Aging,2004,25(8):1051-1056.
[15]Laforce R Jr,Buteau JP,Paquet N,et al.The value of PET in mild cognitive impairment,typical and atypical/unclear dementias:Aretrospective memory clinic study[J].Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen,2010,25(4):324-332.
[16]Jack CRJr,Knopman DS,Jagust WJ,et al.Hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers of the Alzheimer's pathological cascade[J].Lancet Neurol,2010,9(1):119-128.
[17]Yuan Y,Gu ZX,Wei WS.Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron-emission tomography,single-photon emission tomography,and structural MR imaging for prediction of rapid conversion to Alzheimer disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment:a metaanalysis[J].AJNR Am J Neuroradiol,2009,30(2):404-410.
[18]Mosconi L,Berti V,Glodzik L,et al.Pre-clinical detection of Alzheimer's disease using FDG-PET,with or without amyloid imaging[J].J Alzheimers Dis,2010,20(3):843-854.
[19]Kemppainen NM,Aalto S,Karrasch M,et al.Cognitive reserve hypothesis:Pittsburgh Compound B and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in relation to education in mild Alzheimer's disease[J].Ann Neurol,2008,63(1):112-118.
[20]Arenaza-Urquijo EM,Gonneaud J,Fouquet M,et al.Interaction between years of education and APOE epsilon4 status on frontal and temporal metabolism[J].Neurology,2015,85(16):1392-1399.
[21]Filippi M,Agosta F,Barkhof F,et al.EFNS task force:the use of neuroimaging in the diagnosis of dementia[J].Eur J Neurol,2012,19(12):e131-e140,1487-1501.
[22]Dubois B,Feldman HH,Jacova C,et al.Advancing research diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease:the IWG-2 criteria[J].Lancet Neurol,2014,13(6):614-629.
[23]Mckhann GM,Knopman DS,Chertkow H,et al.The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease:recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease[J].Alzheimers Dement,2011,7(3):263-269.
[24]Jack CR Jr,Bennett DA,Blennow K,et al.A/T/N:An unbiased descriptive classification scheme for Alzheimer disease biomarkers[J].Neurology,2016,87(5):539-547.
[25]Rascovsky K,Hodges JR,Knopman D,et al.Sensitivity of revised diagnostic criteria for the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia[J].Brain,2011,134(Pt 9):2456-2477.
[26]Gorno-Tempini ML,Hillis AE,Weintraub S,et al.Classifi cation of primary progressive aphasia and its variants[J].Neurology,2011,76(11):1006-1014.
[27]Mckeith IG,Boeve BF,Dickson DW,et al.Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies:fourth consensus report of the DLB Consortium[J].Neurology,2017,89(1):88-100.
[28]Hardy J,Selkoe DJ.The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease:progress and problems on the road to therapeutics[J].Science,2002,297(5580):353-356.
[29]Braak H,Braak E.Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimerrelated changes[J].Acta Neuropathol,1991,82(4):239-259.
[30]Ossenkoppele R,Jansen WJ,Rabinovici GD,et al.Prevalence of amyloid PET positivity in dementia syndromes:a meta-analysis[J].JAMA,2015,313(19):1939-1949.
[31]Rabinovici GD,Rosen HJ,Alkalay A,et al.Amyloid vs FDG-PETin the differential diagnosis of AD and FTLD[J].Neurology,2011,77(23):2034-2042.
[32]Mesulam M,Wicklund A,Johnson N,et al.Alzheimer and frontotemporal pathology in subsets of primary progressive aphasia[J].Ann Neurol,2008,63(6):709-719.
[33]Fleisher AS,Chen K,Liu X,et al.Using positron emission tomography and florbetapir F18 to image cortical amyloid in patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia due to Alzheimer disease[J].Arch Neurol,2011,68(11):1404-1411.
[34]Chetelat G,La Joie R,Villain N,et al.Amyloid imaging in cognitively normal individuals,at-risk populations and preclinical Alzheimer's disease[J].Neuroimage Clin,2013,2:356-365.
[35]Koivunen J,Scheinin N,Virta JR,et al.Amyloid PET imaging in patients with mild cognitive impairment:a 2-year follow-up study[J].Neurology,2011,76(12):1085-1090.
[36]Rabinovici GD,Furst AJ,Alkalay A,et al.Increased metabolic vulnerability in early-onset Alzheimer's disease is not related to amyloid burden[J].Brain,2010,133(Pt 2):512-528.
[37]Ossenkoppele R,Zwan MD,Tolboom N,et al.Amyloid burden and metabolic function in early-onset Alzheimer’s disease:parietal lobe involvement[J].Brain,2012,135:2115-2125.
[38]Lehmann M,Ghosh P M,Madison C,et al.Diverging patterns of amyloid deposition and hypometabolism in clinical variants of probable Alzheimer's disease[J].Brain,2013,136(Pt 3):844-858.
[39]Johnson KA,Minoshima S,Bohnen NI,et al.Appropriate use criteria for amyloid PET:a report of the Amyloid Imaging Task Force,the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging,and the Alzheimer's Association[J].J Nucl Med,2013,54(3):476-490.
[40]Laforce R,Rosa-Neto P,Soucy JP,et al.Canadian consensus guidelines on use of amyloid imaging in Canada:update and future directions from the specialized task force on amyloid imaging in Canada[J].Can J Neurol Sci,2016,43(4):503-512.
[41]Barrio JR,Huang SC,Cole G,et al.PET imaging of tangles and plaques in Alzheimer disease with a highly hydrophobic probe[J].JLabelled Comp Radiopharm,1999,42:S194-S195.
[42]Marquie M,Normandin MD,Vanderburg CR,et al.Validating novel tau positron emission tomography tracer[F-18]-AV-1451(T807)on postmortem brain tissue[J].Ann Neurol,2015,78(5):787-800.
[43]Fodero-Tavoletti MT,Furumoto S,Taylor L,et al.Assessing THK523 selectivity for tau deposits in Alzheimer's disease and non-Alzheimer's disease tauopathies[J].Alzheimers Res Ther,2014,6(1):11.
[44]Maruyama M,Shimada H,Suhara T,et al.Imaging of tau pathology in a tauopathy mouse model and in Alzheimer patients compared to normal controls[J].Neuron,2013,79(6):1094-1108.
[45]Blazquez-Llorca L,Garcia-Marin V,Merino-Serrais P,et al.Abnormal tau phosphorylation in the thorny excrescences of CA3hippocampal neurons in patients with Alzheimer's disease[J].JAlzheimers Dis,2011,26(4):683-698.
[46]Schwarz AJ,Yu P,Miller BB,et al.Regional profiles of the candidate tau-PET ligand 18F-AV-1451 recapitulate key features of Braak histopathological stages[J].Brain,2016,139(Pt 5):1539-1550.
[47]Cho H,Choi JY,Hwang MS,et al.Tau-PET in Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment[J].Neurology,2016,87(4):375-383.
[48]Xia C,Makaretz SJ,Caso C,et al.Association of in vivo[18F]AV-1451tau-PET imaging results with cortical atrophy and symptoms in typical and atypical alzheimer disease[J].JAMA Neurol,2017,74(4):427-436.
[49]Villemagne VL,Furumoto S,Fodero-Tavoletti MT,et al.In vivo evaluation of a novel tau imaging tracer for Alzheimer's disease[J].Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging,2014,41(5):816-826.
[2]Rocher AB,Chapon F,Blaizot X,et al.Resting-state brain glucose utilization as measured by PET is directly related to regional synaptophysin levels:a study in baboons[J].Neuroimage,2003,20(3):1894-1898.
[3]Sibson NR,Dhankhar A,Mason GF,et al.Stoichiometric coupling of brain glucose metabolism and glutamatergic neuronal activity[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,1998,95(1):316-321.
[4]Minoshima S,Frey KA,Koeppe RA,et al.A diagnostic approach in Alzheimer's disease using three-dimensional stereotactic surface projections of fluorine-18-FDG PET[J].J Nucl Med,1995,36(7):1238-1248.
[5]Kim EJ,Cho SS,Jeong Y,et al.Glucose metabolism in early onset versus late onset Alzheimer's disease:an SPM analysis of 120patients[J].Brain,2005,128(Pt 8):1790-1801.
[6]Crutch SJ,Lehmann M,Schott JM,et al.Posterior cortical atrophy[J].Lancet Neurol,2012,11(2):170-178.
[7]Woodward MC,Rowe CC,Jones G,et al.Differentiating the frontal presentation of Alzheimer's disease with FDG-PET[J].JAlzheimers Dis,2015,44(1):233-242.
[8]Rabinovici GD,Jagust WJ,Furst AJ,et al.Abeta amyloid and glucose metabolism in three variants of primary progressive aphasia[J].Ann Neurol,2008,64(4):388-401.
[9]Ishii K,Imamura T,Sasaki M,et al.Regional cerebral glucose metabolism in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease[J].Neurology,1998,51(1):125-130.
[10]Graff-Radford J,Murray ME,Lowe VJ,et al.Dementia with Lewy bodies:basis of cingulate island sign[J].Neurology,2014,83(9):801-809.
[11]Kanda T,Ishii K,Uemura T,et al.Comparison of grey matter and metabolic reductions in frontotemporal dementia using FDG-PETand voxel-based morphometric MR studies[J].Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging,2008,35(12):2227-2234.
[12]Jeong Y,Cho SS,Park JM,et al.18F-FDG PET findings in frontotemporal dementia:an SPM analysis of 29 patients[J].J Nucl Med,2005,46(2):233-239.
[13]Diehl-Schmid J,Grimmer T,Drzezga A,et al.Decline of cerebral glucose metabolism in frontotemporal dementia:a longitudinal18F-FDG-PET-study[J].Neurobiol Aging,2007,28(1):42-50.
[14]Diehl J,Grimmer T,Drzezga A,et al.Cerebral metabolic patterns at early stages of frontotemporal dementia and semantic dementia.A PET study[J].Neurobiol Aging,2004,25(8):1051-1056.
[15]Laforce R Jr,Buteau JP,Paquet N,et al.The value of PET in mild cognitive impairment,typical and atypical/unclear dementias:Aretrospective memory clinic study[J].Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen,2010,25(4):324-332.
[16]Jack CRJr,Knopman DS,Jagust WJ,et al.Hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers of the Alzheimer's pathological cascade[J].Lancet Neurol,2010,9(1):119-128.
[17]Yuan Y,Gu ZX,Wei WS.Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron-emission tomography,single-photon emission tomography,and structural MR imaging for prediction of rapid conversion to Alzheimer disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment:a metaanalysis[J].AJNR Am J Neuroradiol,2009,30(2):404-410.
[18]Mosconi L,Berti V,Glodzik L,et al.Pre-clinical detection of Alzheimer's disease using FDG-PET,with or without amyloid imaging[J].J Alzheimers Dis,2010,20(3):843-854.
[19]Kemppainen NM,Aalto S,Karrasch M,et al.Cognitive reserve hypothesis:Pittsburgh Compound B and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in relation to education in mild Alzheimer's disease[J].Ann Neurol,2008,63(1):112-118.
[20]Arenaza-Urquijo EM,Gonneaud J,Fouquet M,et al.Interaction between years of education and APOE epsilon4 status on frontal and temporal metabolism[J].Neurology,2015,85(16):1392-1399.
[21]Filippi M,Agosta F,Barkhof F,et al.EFNS task force:the use of neuroimaging in the diagnosis of dementia[J].Eur J Neurol,2012,19(12):e131-e140,1487-1501.
[22]Dubois B,Feldman HH,Jacova C,et al.Advancing research diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease:the IWG-2 criteria[J].Lancet Neurol,2014,13(6):614-629.
[23]Mckhann GM,Knopman DS,Chertkow H,et al.The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease:recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease[J].Alzheimers Dement,2011,7(3):263-269.
[24]Jack CR Jr,Bennett DA,Blennow K,et al.A/T/N:An unbiased descriptive classification scheme for Alzheimer disease biomarkers[J].Neurology,2016,87(5):539-547.
[25]Rascovsky K,Hodges JR,Knopman D,et al.Sensitivity of revised diagnostic criteria for the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia[J].Brain,2011,134(Pt 9):2456-2477.
[26]Gorno-Tempini ML,Hillis AE,Weintraub S,et al.Classifi cation of primary progressive aphasia and its variants[J].Neurology,2011,76(11):1006-1014.
[27]Mckeith IG,Boeve BF,Dickson DW,et al.Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies:fourth consensus report of the DLB Consortium[J].Neurology,2017,89(1):88-100.
[28]Hardy J,Selkoe DJ.The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease:progress and problems on the road to therapeutics[J].Science,2002,297(5580):353-356.
[29]Braak H,Braak E.Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimerrelated changes[J].Acta Neuropathol,1991,82(4):239-259.
[30]Ossenkoppele R,Jansen WJ,Rabinovici GD,et al.Prevalence of amyloid PET positivity in dementia syndromes:a meta-analysis[J].JAMA,2015,313(19):1939-1949.
[31]Rabinovici GD,Rosen HJ,Alkalay A,et al.Amyloid vs FDG-PETin the differential diagnosis of AD and FTLD[J].Neurology,2011,77(23):2034-2042.
[32]Mesulam M,Wicklund A,Johnson N,et al.Alzheimer and frontotemporal pathology in subsets of primary progressive aphasia[J].Ann Neurol,2008,63(6):709-719.
[33]Fleisher AS,Chen K,Liu X,et al.Using positron emission tomography and florbetapir F18 to image cortical amyloid in patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia due to Alzheimer disease[J].Arch Neurol,2011,68(11):1404-1411.
[34]Chetelat G,La Joie R,Villain N,et al.Amyloid imaging in cognitively normal individuals,at-risk populations and preclinical Alzheimer's disease[J].Neuroimage Clin,2013,2:356-365.
[35]Koivunen J,Scheinin N,Virta JR,et al.Amyloid PET imaging in patients with mild cognitive impairment:a 2-year follow-up study[J].Neurology,2011,76(12):1085-1090.
[36]Rabinovici GD,Furst AJ,Alkalay A,et al.Increased metabolic vulnerability in early-onset Alzheimer's disease is not related to amyloid burden[J].Brain,2010,133(Pt 2):512-528.
[37]Ossenkoppele R,Zwan MD,Tolboom N,et al.Amyloid burden and metabolic function in early-onset Alzheimer’s disease:parietal lobe involvement[J].Brain,2012,135:2115-2125.
[38]Lehmann M,Ghosh P M,Madison C,et al.Diverging patterns of amyloid deposition and hypometabolism in clinical variants of probable Alzheimer's disease[J].Brain,2013,136(Pt 3):844-858.
[39]Johnson KA,Minoshima S,Bohnen NI,et al.Appropriate use criteria for amyloid PET:a report of the Amyloid Imaging Task Force,the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging,and the Alzheimer's Association[J].J Nucl Med,2013,54(3):476-490.
[40]Laforce R,Rosa-Neto P,Soucy JP,et al.Canadian consensus guidelines on use of amyloid imaging in Canada:update and future directions from the specialized task force on amyloid imaging in Canada[J].Can J Neurol Sci,2016,43(4):503-512.
[41]Barrio JR,Huang SC,Cole G,et al.PET imaging of tangles and plaques in Alzheimer disease with a highly hydrophobic probe[J].JLabelled Comp Radiopharm,1999,42:S194-S195.
[42]Marquie M,Normandin MD,Vanderburg CR,et al.Validating novel tau positron emission tomography tracer[F-18]-AV-1451(T807)on postmortem brain tissue[J].Ann Neurol,2015,78(5):787-800.
[43]Fodero-Tavoletti MT,Furumoto S,Taylor L,et al.Assessing THK523 selectivity for tau deposits in Alzheimer's disease and non-Alzheimer's disease tauopathies[J].Alzheimers Res Ther,2014,6(1):11.
[44]Maruyama M,Shimada H,Suhara T,et al.Imaging of tau pathology in a tauopathy mouse model and in Alzheimer patients compared to normal controls[J].Neuron,2013,79(6):1094-1108.
[45]Blazquez-Llorca L,Garcia-Marin V,Merino-Serrais P,et al.Abnormal tau phosphorylation in the thorny excrescences of CA3hippocampal neurons in patients with Alzheimer's disease[J].JAlzheimers Dis,2011,26(4):683-698.
[46]Schwarz AJ,Yu P,Miller BB,et al.Regional profiles of the candidate tau-PET ligand 18F-AV-1451 recapitulate key features of Braak histopathological stages[J].Brain,2016,139(Pt 5):1539-1550.
[47]Cho H,Choi JY,Hwang MS,et al.Tau-PET in Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment[J].Neurology,2016,87(4):375-383.
[48]Xia C,Makaretz SJ,Caso C,et al.Association of in vivo[18F]AV-1451tau-PET imaging results with cortical atrophy and symptoms in typical and atypical alzheimer disease[J].JAMA Neurol,2017,74(4):427-436.
[49]Villemagne VL,Furumoto S,Fodero-Tavoletti MT,et al.In vivo evaluation of a novel tau imaging tracer for Alzheimer's disease[J].Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging,2014,41(5):816-826.