围产前期奶牛日粮中添加过瘤胃脂肪对其干物质采食量和泌乳性能的影响
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摘要
文章旨在研究围产前期奶牛日粮中添加过瘤胃脂肪对其初乳质量、干物质采食量和泌乳性能的影响。试验选择30头产前3周的中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组,每组10头牛。3组奶牛在产前饲喂含不同脂肪添加量的日粮,对照组不添加额外脂肪,试验Ⅰ组添加2%干物质基础的脂肪酸钙盐,试验Ⅱ组添加3%干物质基础的脂肪酸钙盐。脂肪酸钙盐主要成分为大豆油。3组奶牛饲喂相同的泌乳日粮。试验期从产前3周至泌乳12周。奶牛产犊时,测定初乳产量,测定初乳成分及Ig G含量。每周记录采食量,每天记录产奶量,每周采集奶样测定乳成分。试验结果表明,产前3周奶牛日粮中添加脂肪对其初乳产量和乳成分无显著影响(P>0.05),显著增加了初乳中Ig G含量(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ组奶牛初乳中Ig G含量最高,分别比对照组和试验Ⅰ组奶牛高32.04%和12.40%(P<0.05)。产前3周奶牛日粮中添加脂肪对产前奶牛的干物质采食量无显著影响(P>0.05),显著增加了产后奶牛的干物质采食量,而且与脂肪添加剂量呈线性相关(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ组奶牛和试验Ⅰ组奶牛的产奶量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而且以试验Ⅱ组奶牛具有最高的产奶量(P<0.05)。因此,本试验结果表明,产前奶牛日粮中添加脂肪可以提高初乳质量,增加奶牛产奶量,本试验中以3%的添加剂量为宜。
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diet supplementation of rumen-protected fat to perinatal cows on colostrum quality,dry matter intake and lactation performance. A total of 30 Chinese Holstein cows during 3 weeks before calving period,were randomly divided into three groups(10 cow per group):Control group(no fat supplementation),Experimental group Ⅰ(diet supplementation of 1% fat based on dry matter basis)and Experimental Ⅱ(diet supplementation of 3% fat based on dry matter basis).Fatty acid calcium salt is mainly composed of soybean oil. The cows in the three groups were fed the same lactation diet during lactation period. The trial period ranged from 3 weeks before calving to 12 weeks lactation. Immediately calving,the colostrum yield,colostrum composition and Ig G content were determined. Feed intake was recorded weekly,milk production was recorded daily,and milk samples were collected weekly to determine milk composition. The results showed that the supplementation of fat in the diet of cows 3 weeks before calving had no signifi cant effect on their colostrum yield and milk composition(P >0.05),and signifi cantly increased the Ig G content in colostrum(P <0.05). Cows in experimental Ⅱ group had the highest content of Ig G,which was 32.04% higher than cows in control group and was 12.40% higher than cows in Experimental Ⅰ group(P <0.05). The supplementation of fat in the diet of cows at 3 weeks before calving had no signifi cant effect on the dry matter intake of cows before calving(P >0.05),but signifi cantly increased the dry matter intake of cows after calving,which was linearly correlated with the fat dose(P <0.05). Cows in Experimental Ⅱ group and Experimental Ⅰ group had higher milk yield than cows in control group,of which cows in Experimental Ⅱ group had the highest milk yield(P <0.05). In conclusion,the results of this study showed that the supplementation of fat in the diet of prenatal cows can improve the colostrum quality and increase the milk yield of cows. In this study the dosage of 3% is appropriate.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diet supplementation of rumen-protected fat to perinatal cows on colostrum quality,dry matter intake and lactation performance. A total of 30 Chinese Holstein cows during 3 weeks before calving period,were randomly divided into three groups(10 cow per group):Control group(no fat supplementation),Experimental group Ⅰ(diet supplementation of 1% fat based on dry matter basis)and Experimental Ⅱ(diet supplementation of 3% fat based on dry matter basis).Fatty acid calcium salt is mainly composed of soybean oil. The cows in the three groups were fed the same lactation diet during lactation period. The trial period ranged from 3 weeks before calving to 12 weeks lactation. Immediately calving,the colostrum yield,colostrum composition and Ig G content were determined. Feed intake was recorded weekly,milk production was recorded daily,and milk samples were collected weekly to determine milk composition. The results showed that the supplementation of fat in the diet of cows 3 weeks before calving had no signifi cant effect on their colostrum yield and milk composition(P >0.05),and signifi cantly increased the Ig G content in colostrum(P <0.05). Cows in experimental Ⅱ group had the highest content of Ig G,which was 32.04% higher than cows in control group and was 12.40% higher than cows in Experimental Ⅰ group(P <0.05). The supplementation of fat in the diet of cows at 3 weeks before calving had no signifi cant effect on the dry matter intake of cows before calving(P >0.05),but signifi cantly increased the dry matter intake of cows after calving,which was linearly correlated with the fat dose(P <0.05). Cows in Experimental Ⅱ group and Experimental Ⅰ group had higher milk yield than cows in control group,of which cows in Experimental Ⅱ group had the highest milk yield(P <0.05). In conclusion,the results of this study showed that the supplementation of fat in the diet of prenatal cows can improve the colostrum quality and increase the milk yield of cows. In this study the dosage of 3% is appropriate.
引文
[1]程竟竟.饲料常规分析测定方法的改进研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2016.
[2]甘佳,付茂忠,王巍,等.日粮中添加过瘤胃脂肪和过瘤胃蛋氨酸对荷斯坦奶牛生产性能的影响[J].四川畜牧兽医,2017:32~34.
[3]苏华维,曹志军,李胜利.围产期奶牛的代谢特点及其营养调控[J].中国畜牧杂志,2011,16:44~48.
[4]苏华维,曹志军,李胜利.围产期奶牛的能量负平衡及能量代谢障碍性疾病[J].中国畜牧杂志,2011,47(20):39~44.
[5]吴方琼.钙指示剂分光光度法测定饲料中的钙[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014,9:205~206.
[6]袁雪,曲永利,韩云胜,等.不同类型过瘤胃脂肪对泌乳前期奶牛体况及生产性能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016:40~45.
[7]张海波.日粮添加不同脂肪酸对泌乳早期奶牛糖和脂肪代谢的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2018,1:18.
[8]AOAC.Official Methods of Analysis,15th ed.Association of Official Analytical Chemists,Washington,DC,1990.
[9]Badiei A,Aliverdilou A,Amanlou H,et al.Postpartum responses of dairy cows supplemented with n~3 fatty acids for different durations during the peripartal period[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(10):6391~6399.
[10]Caldari-Torres C,Lock AL,Staples CR,et al.Performance,metabolic,and endocrine responses of periparturient Holstein cows fed 3 sources of fat[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(3):1500~1510.
[11]Duske K,Hammon HM,Langhof AK,et al.Metabolism and lactation performance in dairy cows fed a diet containing rumen~protected fat during the last twelve weeks of gestation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(4):1670~1684.
[12]Garcia M,Greco L F,Favoreto MG,et al.Effect of supplementing fat to pregnant nonlactating cows on colostral fatty acid profile and passive immunity of the newborn calf[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(1):392~405.
[13]Hayirli A,Keisler DH,Doepel L.Peripartum responses of dairy cows to prepartal feeding level and dietary fatty acid source[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(2):917~930.
[14]Jolazadeh A R,Mohammadabadi T,Dehghan-banadaky M,et al.Effect of supplementing calcium salts of n~3 and n~6 fatty acid to pregnant non-lactating cows on colostrum composition,milk yield,and reproductive performance of dairy cows[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2019,247:127~140.
[15]Mc Namara S,O’mara FP,Rath M,et al.Effects of different transition diets on dry matter intake,milk production,and milk composition in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(7):2397~2408.
[16]Petit H V,Benchaar C.Milk production,milk composition,blood composition,and conception rate of transition dairy cows fed different profiles of fatty acids[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,2007,87(4):591~600.
[17]Rabiee AR,Breinhild K,Scott W,et al.Effect of fat additions to diets of dairy cattle on milk production and components:A metaanalysis and meta-regression[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(6):3225~3247.
[18]Salehi R,Ambrose DJ,Oba M. Effects of prepartum diets supplemented with rolled oilseeds on Brix values and fatty acid profile of colostrum[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(5):3598~3601.
[19]Van Soest PJ,Robertson JB,Lewis BA. Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583~3597.
[2]甘佳,付茂忠,王巍,等.日粮中添加过瘤胃脂肪和过瘤胃蛋氨酸对荷斯坦奶牛生产性能的影响[J].四川畜牧兽医,2017:32~34.
[3]苏华维,曹志军,李胜利.围产期奶牛的代谢特点及其营养调控[J].中国畜牧杂志,2011,16:44~48.
[4]苏华维,曹志军,李胜利.围产期奶牛的能量负平衡及能量代谢障碍性疾病[J].中国畜牧杂志,2011,47(20):39~44.
[5]吴方琼.钙指示剂分光光度法测定饲料中的钙[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014,9:205~206.
[6]袁雪,曲永利,韩云胜,等.不同类型过瘤胃脂肪对泌乳前期奶牛体况及生产性能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016:40~45.
[7]张海波.日粮添加不同脂肪酸对泌乳早期奶牛糖和脂肪代谢的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2018,1:18.
[8]AOAC.Official Methods of Analysis,15th ed.Association of Official Analytical Chemists,Washington,DC,1990.
[9]Badiei A,Aliverdilou A,Amanlou H,et al.Postpartum responses of dairy cows supplemented with n~3 fatty acids for different durations during the peripartal period[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(10):6391~6399.
[10]Caldari-Torres C,Lock AL,Staples CR,et al.Performance,metabolic,and endocrine responses of periparturient Holstein cows fed 3 sources of fat[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(3):1500~1510.
[11]Duske K,Hammon HM,Langhof AK,et al.Metabolism and lactation performance in dairy cows fed a diet containing rumen~protected fat during the last twelve weeks of gestation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(4):1670~1684.
[12]Garcia M,Greco L F,Favoreto MG,et al.Effect of supplementing fat to pregnant nonlactating cows on colostral fatty acid profile and passive immunity of the newborn calf[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(1):392~405.
[13]Hayirli A,Keisler DH,Doepel L.Peripartum responses of dairy cows to prepartal feeding level and dietary fatty acid source[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(2):917~930.
[14]Jolazadeh A R,Mohammadabadi T,Dehghan-banadaky M,et al.Effect of supplementing calcium salts of n~3 and n~6 fatty acid to pregnant non-lactating cows on colostrum composition,milk yield,and reproductive performance of dairy cows[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2019,247:127~140.
[15]Mc Namara S,O’mara FP,Rath M,et al.Effects of different transition diets on dry matter intake,milk production,and milk composition in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(7):2397~2408.
[16]Petit H V,Benchaar C.Milk production,milk composition,blood composition,and conception rate of transition dairy cows fed different profiles of fatty acids[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,2007,87(4):591~600.
[17]Rabiee AR,Breinhild K,Scott W,et al.Effect of fat additions to diets of dairy cattle on milk production and components:A metaanalysis and meta-regression[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(6):3225~3247.
[18]Salehi R,Ambrose DJ,Oba M. Effects of prepartum diets supplemented with rolled oilseeds on Brix values and fatty acid profile of colostrum[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(5):3598~3601.
[19]Van Soest PJ,Robertson JB,Lewis BA. Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583~3597.