渍害胁迫对不同耐湿性芝麻品种生长发育和产量的影响
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摘要
【目的】为研究不同生育期渍害胁迫对不同耐湿性芝麻品种生长发育的影响。【方法】在盆栽试验条件下,以郑芝13和郑98N09为研究对象,研究了初花期和盛花期不同渍水时长对芝麻农艺性状,干物质积累及产量构成的影响。【结果】(1)渍害延缓芝麻生长发育,使芝麻叶龄,叶面积指数和叶绿素含量降低,品种间差异显著,渍水时间越长,影响越大。(2)渍害抑制芝麻植株干物质的积累,使干物质向茎杆中转运比例增大,减少了向生殖器官的转运,容易形成秕籽,降低产量。(3)同一时期渍水时间越长,对芝麻产量构成的影响越大。渍水处理后,产量的降低主要是因为单株蒴数的降低引起的。不耐湿型品种郑芝13的受渍害影响程度均大于耐湿型品种郑98N09。【结论】渍害影响芝麻的正常生长发育,渍害时间越长,影响越大,耐渍性品种较普通品种在遭受渍害时生长更好。
【Objective】The present paper aims to study the effects of waterlogging stress on growing development and different waterlogging tolerance of sesame cultivars.【Method】The pot experiment at early blooming and full blooming stages of sesame with different waterlogging time treatments was carried out,and two sesame varieties with different levels of waterlogging tolerance were used to investigate the effects of the waterlogging time on their growth,dry matter accumulation and yield components. 【Result】( i) Waterlogging delayed sesame growth and development and reduced the LAI and chlorophyll content,there were significantly different between two varieties,and the longer the waterlogging was,the greater the effect was.( ii) Waterlogging restrained sesame plant dry matter accumulation,increased transport ratio of dry matter to stem,reduced the transportation to the reproductive organs,generated abortive seeds and resulted in a diminished yield.( iii) The longer the waterlogging was,the greater the effect on yield components in same growth period was. Production reduced mainly due to the number of capsule decreased after waterlogging. The no-waterlogging tolerance variety Zhengzhi13 had a great waterlogging effect than waterlogging tolerance variety Zheng98N09.【Conclusion】Waterlogging affected the normal growth of sesame,the longer the waterlogging was,the greater the effect was,and the growth of waterlogging resistance varieties was better than that of ordinary varieties when suffered to waterlogging.
【Objective】The present paper aims to study the effects of waterlogging stress on growing development and different waterlogging tolerance of sesame cultivars.【Method】The pot experiment at early blooming and full blooming stages of sesame with different waterlogging time treatments was carried out,and two sesame varieties with different levels of waterlogging tolerance were used to investigate the effects of the waterlogging time on their growth,dry matter accumulation and yield components. 【Result】( i) Waterlogging delayed sesame growth and development and reduced the LAI and chlorophyll content,there were significantly different between two varieties,and the longer the waterlogging was,the greater the effect was.( ii) Waterlogging restrained sesame plant dry matter accumulation,increased transport ratio of dry matter to stem,reduced the transportation to the reproductive organs,generated abortive seeds and resulted in a diminished yield.( iii) The longer the waterlogging was,the greater the effect on yield components in same growth period was. Production reduced mainly due to the number of capsule decreased after waterlogging. The no-waterlogging tolerance variety Zhengzhi13 had a great waterlogging effect than waterlogging tolerance variety Zheng98N09.【Conclusion】Waterlogging affected the normal growth of sesame,the longer the waterlogging was,the greater the effect was,and the growth of waterlogging resistance varieties was better than that of ordinary varieties when suffered to waterlogging.
引文
[1]卫双玲,高桐梅,吴寅,等.高温胁迫对芝麻光合特性及产量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(5):1977-1981.
[2]孙建,张秀荣,张艳欣,等.湿害处理对不同生育时期芝麻叶片保护酶活性和种子产量的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2009,15(6):790-795.
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[5]Ucan K.Effects of different irrigation programs on flower and capsule numbers and shedding percentage of sesame[J].Agricultural Water Management,2010,98(2):227-233.
[6]宫慧慧,于倩,张桂菊,等.芝麻渍害研究进展[J].山东农业科学,2013,45(11):145-148.
[7]王文泉,梅鸿献,郑永战,等.芝麻对涝害的反应及适应性变异:Ⅰ.模拟涝害胁迫下芝麻基因型间的形态、生物量及产量变化[J].中国油料作物学报,1999,21(4):29-32.
[8]王文泉,郑永战.芝麻对涝害的反应及适应性变异:Ⅱ模拟涝害胁迫下芝麻基因型间的光合生理变化及其对生长调节剂的反应[J].中国油料作物学报,2000,22(2):48-52.
[9]张海洋,卫双玲,郑永战,等.野生芝麻及其抗病耐渍性状利用研究初报[J].河南农业科学,2001(10):15-16.
[10]孙建,张秀荣,张艳欣,等.芝麻不同品种(系)耐湿性的综合评价[J].中国油料作物学报,2008,30(4):518-521.
[11]张根峰,张翼.渍涝胁迫对芝麻生理指标及产量性状的影响[J].作物杂志,2010(1):84-86.
[12]张根峰,张翼.盛花期不同渍涝时间对芝麻生理指标及产量性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(23):196-199.
[13]赵贵元,和剑涵,张秀荣,等.盛花期湿害胁迫对芝麻2种种植方式影响的研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(33):48-52.
[14]丁霞,王林海,张艳欣,等.我国芝麻主栽品种耐湿性鉴定分析[J].华北农学报,2012,27(4):89-93.
[15]陈晓静,沈会权,陶红,等.湿害对大麦形态和产量影响的探讨[J].大麦科学,2005(4):24-26.
[16]吴进东,李金才,魏凤珍,等.花后渍水高温交互效应对冬小麦旗叶光合特性及产量的影响[J].作物学报,2012,38(6):1071-1079.
[17]张树杰,廖星,胡小加,等.渍水对油菜苗期生长及生理特性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(23):7382-7389.
[18]胡田田,康绍忠.植物淹水胁迫响应的研究进展[J].福建农林大学学报:自然科学版,2005,34(1):18-24.
[19]潘华,周红英,孙建,等.苗期湿害胁迫下不同基因型芝麻的反应差异研究[J].江西农业学报,2015,27(1):24-27.
[2]孙建,张秀荣,张艳欣,等.湿害处理对不同生育时期芝麻叶片保护酶活性和种子产量的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2009,15(6):790-795.
[3]Setter T,Waters I.Review of prospects for germplasm improvement for waterlogging tolerance in wheat,barley and oats[J].Plant and Soil,2003,253(1):1-34.
[4]U9an K,K1ll1 F,Gen9o4lan C,et al.Effect of irrigation frequency and amount on water use efficiency and yield of sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)under field conditions[J].Field Crops Research,2007,101(3):249-258.
[5]Ucan K.Effects of different irrigation programs on flower and capsule numbers and shedding percentage of sesame[J].Agricultural Water Management,2010,98(2):227-233.
[6]宫慧慧,于倩,张桂菊,等.芝麻渍害研究进展[J].山东农业科学,2013,45(11):145-148.
[7]王文泉,梅鸿献,郑永战,等.芝麻对涝害的反应及适应性变异:Ⅰ.模拟涝害胁迫下芝麻基因型间的形态、生物量及产量变化[J].中国油料作物学报,1999,21(4):29-32.
[8]王文泉,郑永战.芝麻对涝害的反应及适应性变异:Ⅱ模拟涝害胁迫下芝麻基因型间的光合生理变化及其对生长调节剂的反应[J].中国油料作物学报,2000,22(2):48-52.
[9]张海洋,卫双玲,郑永战,等.野生芝麻及其抗病耐渍性状利用研究初报[J].河南农业科学,2001(10):15-16.
[10]孙建,张秀荣,张艳欣,等.芝麻不同品种(系)耐湿性的综合评价[J].中国油料作物学报,2008,30(4):518-521.
[11]张根峰,张翼.渍涝胁迫对芝麻生理指标及产量性状的影响[J].作物杂志,2010(1):84-86.
[12]张根峰,张翼.盛花期不同渍涝时间对芝麻生理指标及产量性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(23):196-199.
[13]赵贵元,和剑涵,张秀荣,等.盛花期湿害胁迫对芝麻2种种植方式影响的研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(33):48-52.
[14]丁霞,王林海,张艳欣,等.我国芝麻主栽品种耐湿性鉴定分析[J].华北农学报,2012,27(4):89-93.
[15]陈晓静,沈会权,陶红,等.湿害对大麦形态和产量影响的探讨[J].大麦科学,2005(4):24-26.
[16]吴进东,李金才,魏凤珍,等.花后渍水高温交互效应对冬小麦旗叶光合特性及产量的影响[J].作物学报,2012,38(6):1071-1079.
[17]张树杰,廖星,胡小加,等.渍水对油菜苗期生长及生理特性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(23):7382-7389.
[18]胡田田,康绍忠.植物淹水胁迫响应的研究进展[J].福建农林大学学报:自然科学版,2005,34(1):18-24.
[19]潘华,周红英,孙建,等.苗期湿害胁迫下不同基因型芝麻的反应差异研究[J].江西农业学报,2015,27(1):24-27.