高台县小麦及玉米施肥现状调查与评价
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摘要
调查了高台县新坝镇暖泉村、照中村、照一村、新沟村、下坝村等5个村2015年的小麦、玉米施肥情况。结果表明,调查样本的小麦、玉米施肥以氮素和磷素投入为主,钾肥投入量少或基本不施。调查区普遍施用的化肥品种以尿素、磷酸二铵为主,小麦田施用量分别占总施用量的61.3%和37.4%,玉米田施用量分别占总施用量的71.9%和26.1%,复合肥、硝酸铵、钾肥很少。作物生产过程中小麦仅有29%的农户追肥1次;玉米有64%的农户追施2次尿素,41%的农户追施2次磷酸二铵。小麦的氮肥、磷肥、钾肥偏生产力(PFP)均低于全国水平;玉米的氮肥、磷肥偏生产力(PFP)也低于全国水平,钾肥的偏生产力(PFP)相对较高,且高于全国水平。
In 2015,the fertilization of wheat and corn in five villages of Xinba Town in Gaotai County of Gansu Province was investigated,which Nuanquan Village,Zhaozhong Village,Zhaoyi Village,Xingou Village,Xiaba Village. The results showed that nitrogen and phosphorus were the main fertilizer inputs for wheat and corn of survey sample,while potassium was little or no. Urea and diammonium phosphate were the most commonly used fertilizers in the survey area,the wheat field application amount accounted for 61.3% and37.4% of the total application amount,the corn field application amount accounted for 71.9% and 26.1% of the total application amount,respectively,the compound fertilizer,ammonium nitrate,potassium fertilizer are few.In the crop production process,only 29% of the farmers applied fertilizer once;64% of the farmers applied urea twice and 41% of the farmers applied diammonium hypophosphite twice. The partial productivity of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers(PFP) of wheat was lower than that of the whole country;the partial productivity of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers(PFP) of maize was lower than that of the whole country,and the partial productivity of potassium fertilizer(PFP)was higher than that of the whole country.
In 2015,the fertilization of wheat and corn in five villages of Xinba Town in Gaotai County of Gansu Province was investigated,which Nuanquan Village,Zhaozhong Village,Zhaoyi Village,Xingou Village,Xiaba Village. The results showed that nitrogen and phosphorus were the main fertilizer inputs for wheat and corn of survey sample,while potassium was little or no. Urea and diammonium phosphate were the most commonly used fertilizers in the survey area,the wheat field application amount accounted for 61.3% and37.4% of the total application amount,the corn field application amount accounted for 71.9% and 26.1% of the total application amount,respectively,the compound fertilizer,ammonium nitrate,potassium fertilizer are few.In the crop production process,only 29% of the farmers applied fertilizer once;64% of the farmers applied urea twice and 41% of the farmers applied diammonium hypophosphite twice. The partial productivity of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers(PFP) of wheat was lower than that of the whole country;the partial productivity of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers(PFP) of maize was lower than that of the whole country,and the partial productivity of potassium fertilizer(PFP)was higher than that of the whole country.
引文
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[2]李宇轩.中国化肥产业政策对粮食生产的影响研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014.
[3]张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):915-924.
[4]刘钦普.中国化肥投入区域差异及环境风险分析[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(18):3596-3605.
[5]赵护兵,王朝辉,高亚军,等.西北典型区域旱地冬小麦农户施肥调查分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(4):840-848.
[6]陈伟,孙建好,赵建华.甘肃省4个生态区玉米养分管理现状调查[J].甘肃农业科技,2013(5):15-17.
[7]张树清.甘肃农田氮磷钾养分资源特征研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2001.
[8]陈伟,孙建好,赵建华.甘肃省小麦施肥现状分析与评价[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,31(2):23-27.
[9]田纪春,陈建省,王延训,等.氮素追肥后移对小麦子粒产量和旗叶光合特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2001,34(1):1-4.
[10]常艳丽,刘俊梅,李玉会,等.陕西关中平原小麦/玉米轮作体系施肥现状调查与评价[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2014,42(8):53-61.
[11]王激清,马文奇,江荣风,等.我国水稻、小麦、玉米基肥和追肥用量及比例分析[J].土壤通报,2008,39(2):329-333.