方波电场下介质内部空间电荷的直接检测方法
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摘要
空间电荷是方波电场下绝缘介质老化的重要因素,然而方波电场极性反转时间为ns～μs级,这给直接检测方波电场下绝缘介质内部的空间电荷带来了困难。为实现方波电场下的直接检测,分析了电声脉冲法检测系统中核心设备性能参数对方波电场下空间电荷检测的影响,并采用自动均分移相原理实现了方波电场下空间电荷的直接动态检测,然后通过对10k V/mm方波电场下聚酰亚胺膜的空间电荷直接检测,初步探讨了方波电压上升沿时间对空间电荷的影响。结果表明:电声脉冲法检测系统中保护电阻R_1和耦合电容C_1、试样电容C_2构成一个低通滤波回路,时间常数τ过大可能导致试样上承受方波电压波形的严重失真,可通过减小保护电阻R_1和耦合电容C_1的方法有效降低系统时间常数τ,从而实现对方波电场瞬时极性反转过程中试样内部的空间电荷检测;利用自动均分移相原理可实现10 kV/mm方波电场下聚酰亚胺膜中空间电荷的高分辨率直接检测,相位分辨率达1.79°;方波上升沿时间为100μs、500μs、1 000μs时,聚酰亚胺内部在无过冲10 kV/mm方波电场下的空间电荷主要来自于下电极铝板注入的同极性电荷,在电压极性反转的过程中可快速抽出,试样内部并没有形成明显的空间电荷积累现象。
Space charge is an important factor leading to insulation aging under square wave electric field. However, it is difficult to directly detect the space charge in insulation under square wave electric field, due to the quickly polarity reverse at the level of ns to μs. In order to implement direct detection, the core parameters of space charge detection equipment in an examination system by a pulsed electro-acoustic method(PEA) were analyzed to determine their influence on space charge detection under the square wave stress. The direct dynamic detection of the space charge under the square wave stress was realized by the automatic equal phase shift principle(AEPS). The formation mechanism of space charge under the square wave stress was discussed preliminarily by detecting the space charge with polyimide film under the square wave stress of 10 kV/mm. The results show the protection resistor R_1, the coupling capacitor C_1, and the sample capacitor C_2 constitute a low-pass filter circuit for the PEA system. A large time constant τ may cause seriously distortion of square waveform applied on tested sample. It is indicated that the space charge detection during instantaneous polarity reverse of square wave stress can be realized for the system with small τ by reducing the values of R_1 and C_1.The direct space charge detection with high phase resolution about 1.79° is realized under 10 kV/mm for polyimide film by AEPS principle. According to the space charge behavior under the no-overshoot 10 kV/mm square wave with the different rise time, i.e. 100 μs, 500 μs and 1 000 μs, the internal space charge mainly comes from the homocharge injected from the low electrode with aluminum material. The space charge can be quickly extracted during the polarity reverse process, and no significant space charge can accumulate inside the specimen.
Space charge is an important factor leading to insulation aging under square wave electric field. However, it is difficult to directly detect the space charge in insulation under square wave electric field, due to the quickly polarity reverse at the level of ns to μs. In order to implement direct detection, the core parameters of space charge detection equipment in an examination system by a pulsed electro-acoustic method(PEA) were analyzed to determine their influence on space charge detection under the square wave stress. The direct dynamic detection of the space charge under the square wave stress was realized by the automatic equal phase shift principle(AEPS). The formation mechanism of space charge under the square wave stress was discussed preliminarily by detecting the space charge with polyimide film under the square wave stress of 10 kV/mm. The results show the protection resistor R_1, the coupling capacitor C_1, and the sample capacitor C_2 constitute a low-pass filter circuit for the PEA system. A large time constant τ may cause seriously distortion of square waveform applied on tested sample. It is indicated that the space charge detection during instantaneous polarity reverse of square wave stress can be realized for the system with small τ by reducing the values of R_1 and C_1.The direct space charge detection with high phase resolution about 1.79° is realized under 10 kV/mm for polyimide film by AEPS principle. According to the space charge behavior under the no-overshoot 10 kV/mm square wave with the different rise time, i.e. 100 μs, 500 μs and 1 000 μs, the internal space charge mainly comes from the homocharge injected from the low electrode with aluminum material. The space charge can be quickly extracted during the polarity reverse process, and no significant space charge can accumulate inside the specimen.
引文
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[10]刘晨阳,郑晓泉,彭平.无机微米填料改性聚酰亚胺复合材料非线性电导特性[J].高电压技术,2015,41(12):4137-4143.LIU Chenyang,ZHENG Xiaoquan,PENG Ping.Nonlinear conductivity characteristics of modified polyimide composite materials with inorganic filler[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(12):4137-4143.
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[15]WU J,HUANG R,WAN J,et al.Phase identification for space charge measurement under periodic stress of arbitrary waveform based on the Hilbert transform[J].Measurement Science and Technology,2016,27(4):045004.
[16]旋转电机-电压型变频器供电的旋转电机I型电气绝缘结构的鉴别和型式试验:GB/T 22720.1-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.Rotating electrical machines-qualification and type tests for type Ielectrical insulation systems used in rotating electrical machines fed from voltage converters:GB/T 22720.1-2008[S].Beijing,China:China Standard Press,2009.
[17]LIU R,TAKADA T,TAKASU N.Pulsed electro-acoustic method for measurement of space charge distribution in power cables under both DC and AC electric fields[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,1993,26(6):986-993.
[18]钟琼霞,兰莉,吴建东,等.交联副产物对交联聚乙烯中空间电荷行为的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(11):2903-2910.ZHONG Qiongxia,LAN Li,WU Jiandong,et al.The influence of cross-linked by-products on space charge behavior in XLPE[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(11):2903-2910.
[19]万佳东,吴建东,黄若栋,等.快速空间电荷测量用高高频脉冲源的研究[J].电气自动化,2016,38(3):41-43.WAN Jiadong,WU Jiandong,HUANG Ruodong,et al.A study on high-voltage high-frequency pulse source applied in fast space charge measurement[J].Power System and Automation,2016,38(3):41-43.
[20]固体绝缘材料中空间电荷分布的电声脉冲测试方法:JB/T12927-2016[S].北京:机械工业出版社,2016.Pulsed electro-acoustic method for space charge measurement in solid insulating materials:JB/T 12927-2016[S].Beijing,China:China Machine Press,2016.
[2]王鹏,赵政嘉,刘雪山,等.电力电子设备中的电气绝缘问题[J].高电压技术,2018,44(7):2309-2322.WANG Peng,ZHAO Zhengjia,LIU Xueshan,et al.Electrical insulation problems in power electronics devices[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(7):2309-2322.
[3]HAYAKAWA N,MORIKAWA M,OKUBO H.Partial discharge inception and propagation characteristics of magnet wire for inverter-fed motor under surge voltage application[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2007,14(1):39-45.
[4]BELLOMO J P,LEBEY T,ORAISON J M,et al.Characterisation of voltage shapes acting on the insulation of rotating machines supplied by inverters[C]//Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials.Brisbane,Australia:IEEE,1994:792-795.
[5]KAUFHOLD M,BORNER G,EBERHARDT M,et al.Failure mechanism of the interturn insulation of low voltage electric machines fed by pulse-controlled inverters[J].IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine,1996,12(5):9-16.
[6]周远翔,田冀焕,王云杉,等.变压器油纸绝缘系统中的空间电荷现象[J].高电压技术,2011,37(3):520-527.ZHOU Yuanxiang,TIAN Jihuan,WANG Yunshan,et al.Space charge phenomenon in oil-paper insulation system of power transformer[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(3):520-527.
[7]LI Y,YASUDA M,TAKADA T.Pulsed electroacoustic method for measurement of charge accumulation in solid dielectrics[J].IEEETransactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,1994,1(2):188-195.
[8]金福宝,周远翔,黄建文,等.电场分量对交直流复合电场下油纸绝缘沿面放电特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2018,44(8):2516-2524.JIN Fubao,ZHOU Yuanxiang,HUANG Jianwen,et al.Effects of electrical field component on characteristics of creepage discharge in oil-impregnated pressboard under combined AC/DC voltage[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(8):2516-2524.
[9]杜伯学,牧晶,李进.氟化时间对聚酰亚胺薄膜空间电荷分布的影响[J].高电压技术,2016,42(8):2363-2371.DU Boxue,MU Jing,LI Jin.Effect of fluorination time on space charge distributions in polyimidethinfilms[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(8):2363-2371.
[10]刘晨阳,郑晓泉,彭平.无机微米填料改性聚酰亚胺复合材料非线性电导特性[J].高电压技术,2015,41(12):4137-4143.LIU Chenyang,ZHENG Xiaoquan,PENG Ping.Nonlinear conductivity characteristics of modified polyimide composite materials with inorganic filler[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(12):4137-4143.
[11]TAKIZAWA K,SUETSUGU T,MIYAKE H,et al.Space charge behavior in covering insulating material for motor windings under applied voltage of square wave[C]∥Proceedings of 2014 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials(ISEIM).Des Moines,IA,USA:IEEE,2014:409-412.
[12]IWATA T,MOMOSE T,MIYAKE H,et al.Measurement of space charge distribution in coating material for motor wingings under square wave voltage[C]//2016 IEEE International Conference on Dielectrics(ICD).Montpellier,France:IEEE,2016:155-158.
[13]WU J,WAN J,YIN Y,et al.An automatic equal phase shift principle for space charge measurement under periodic stress of an arbitrary waveform[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2016,23(3):1820-1828.
[14]WU J,YIN Y.Space charge observation under periodic stresses-part 1:the simplest system and corresponding phase identification[J].IEEETransactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2017,24(4):2579-2588.
[15]WU J,HUANG R,WAN J,et al.Phase identification for space charge measurement under periodic stress of arbitrary waveform based on the Hilbert transform[J].Measurement Science and Technology,2016,27(4):045004.
[16]旋转电机-电压型变频器供电的旋转电机I型电气绝缘结构的鉴别和型式试验:GB/T 22720.1-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.Rotating electrical machines-qualification and type tests for type Ielectrical insulation systems used in rotating electrical machines fed from voltage converters:GB/T 22720.1-2008[S].Beijing,China:China Standard Press,2009.
[17]LIU R,TAKADA T,TAKASU N.Pulsed electro-acoustic method for measurement of space charge distribution in power cables under both DC and AC electric fields[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,1993,26(6):986-993.
[18]钟琼霞,兰莉,吴建东,等.交联副产物对交联聚乙烯中空间电荷行为的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(11):2903-2910.ZHONG Qiongxia,LAN Li,WU Jiandong,et al.The influence of cross-linked by-products on space charge behavior in XLPE[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(11):2903-2910.
[19]万佳东,吴建东,黄若栋,等.快速空间电荷测量用高高频脉冲源的研究[J].电气自动化,2016,38(3):41-43.WAN Jiadong,WU Jiandong,HUANG Ruodong,et al.A study on high-voltage high-frequency pulse source applied in fast space charge measurement[J].Power System and Automation,2016,38(3):41-43.
[20]固体绝缘材料中空间电荷分布的电声脉冲测试方法:JB/T12927-2016[S].北京:机械工业出版社,2016.Pulsed electro-acoustic method for space charge measurement in solid insulating materials:JB/T 12927-2016[S].Beijing,China:China Machine Press,2016.