缺口、短裂纹以及夹杂物对高强钢疲劳强度的影响
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摘要
简要总结了缺口、短裂纹以及夹杂物等不同尺度缺陷对高强钢疲劳强度的影响。介绍了疲劳短裂纹问题的研究历程和众多解释模型。回顾了缺口、短裂纹以及夹杂物对高强钢疲劳强度影响的经验公式,并指出了这些经验公式和模型是互洽的。明确了钢材的强度越高,缺陷长度越大。疲劳强度由疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值决定,或者由光滑试样的疲劳强度决定。
The effect of notch,short crack and inclusion on fatigue strength of high strength steel was reviewed in brief.The research history and explanatory models for short crack were introduced.The empirical formulas for the effect of notch,short crack and inclusion on fatigue strength of high strength steel were reviewed.These empirical formulas and the models were mutually consistent.The higher the strength of steel,the greater the length of defect was.The fatigue strength values were dependent on the fatigue crack propagation thresholds,or on the fatigue strength of smooth specimens.
The effect of notch,short crack and inclusion on fatigue strength of high strength steel was reviewed in brief.The research history and explanatory models for short crack were introduced.The empirical formulas for the effect of notch,short crack and inclusion on fatigue strength of high strength steel were reviewed.These empirical formulas and the models were mutually consistent.The higher the strength of steel,the greater the length of defect was.The fatigue strength values were dependent on the fatigue crack propagation thresholds,or on the fatigue strength of smooth specimens.
引文
[1]翁宇庆.超细晶钢:钢的组织细化理论与控制技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2003.
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[3]PARIS P C,ERDOGAN F A.A critical analysis of crack propagation laws[J].Journal of Basic Engineering,1 9 6 3,8 5(4):5 2 5-5 3 4.
[4]GOODIER J N.Concentration of stress around spherical and cylindrical inclusions and flaws[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics,1933,55(7):39-44.
[5]MAYES I C,BAKER T J.An understanding of fatigue thresholds through the influence of nonmetallic inclusions in steel[J].Fatigue&Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures,1981,4(1):79-95.
[6]KIESSLING R,LANGE N.Non-metallic inclusions in steel[M].London:Metals Society,1978.
[7]MURAKAMI Y,KAWAKAMI K,DUCKWORTH W E.Quantitative evaluation of effects of shape and size of artificially introduced alumina particles on the fatigue strength of 1.5Ni-CrMo(En24)steel[J].International Journal of Fatigue,1991,13(6):489-499.
[8]MURAKAMI Y.Metal fatigue:effects of small defects and nonmetallic inclusions[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,2002.
[9]PEARSON S.Initiation of fatigue cracks in commercial aluminium alloys and the subsequent propagation of very short cracks[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,1975,7(2):235-247.
[10]LANKFORD J.The growth of small fatigue cracks in 7075-T6aluminum[J].Fatigue&Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures,1982,5(3):233-248.
[11]TANAKA K,MURA T.A dislocation model for fatigue crack initiation[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics-Transactions of the ASEM,1981,48(1):97-103.
[12]TANAKA K,NAKAI Y.Propagation and non-propagation of short fatigue cracks at a sharp notch[J].Fatigue&Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures,1983,6(4):315-327.
[13]MORRIS W L.Microcrack closure phenomena for Al 2219-T851[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,1979,10(1):5-11.
[14]MORRIS W L.The non-continuum crack tip deformationbehavior of surface microcracks[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,1980,11(7):1117-1123.
[15]SURESH S,RITCHIE R O.Propagation of short fatigue cracks[J].International Metals Reviews,1984,29(1):445-476.
[16]ISHIHARA S,MCEVILY A J.Analysis of short fatigue crack growth in cast aluminum alloys[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2002,24(11):1169-1174.
[17]CHAPETTI M D.Fatigue propagation threshold of short cracks under constant amplitude loading[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2003,25(12):1319-1326.
[18]SHYAM A,PICARD Y N,JONES J W,et al.Small fatigue crack propagation from micronotches in the cast aluminum alloy W319[J].Scripta Materialia,2004,50(8):1109-1114.
[19]ENDO M,MCEVILY A J.Prediction of the behavior of small fatigue cracks[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2007,468(1):51-58.
[20]MCEVILY A J,ISHIHARA S,ENDO M,et al.On one-and two-parameter analyses of short fatigue crack growth[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2007,29(12):2237-2245.
[21]MEGGIOLARO M A,MIRANDA A C D,CASTRO J T P.Short crack threshold estimates to predict notch sensitivity factors in fatigue[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2007,29(9-11):2022-2031.
[22]KITAGAWA H,TAKAHASHI S.Applicability of fracture mechanics to very small cracks or the cracks in the early stages[C]//In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Mechanical Behavior of Materials.Metals Park,1976:627-631
[23]EL HADDAD M H,TOPPER T H,SMITH K N.Prediction of non propagating cracks[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,1979,11(3):573-584.
[24]TANAKA K,NAKAI Y,YAMASHITA M.Fatigue growth threshold of small cracks[J].International Journal of Fracture,1981,17(5):519-533.
[25]PETERSON R E.Metal Fatigue[M].New York:Mc Graw Hill,1959.
[26]NEUBER H.Theory of notch stresses[M].Berlin:SplingerVerlag,1958.
[27]SIEBEL E,STIELER M.Significance of dissimilar stress distributions for cyclic loading[J].Zeitschr.Ver.Deut.Ing,1955,97:146-148.
[28]LUKAS P,KUNZ L,WEISS B,et al.Non-damaging notches in fatigue[J].Fatigue&Fracture of Engineering Materials&Structures,1986,9(3):195-204.
[29]MITCHELL M R.Review on the mechanical properties of cast steels with emphasis on fatigue behavior and influence of microdiscontinuities[J].Journal of Engineering Materials Technology,1977,99(4):329-343.
[30]NORDBERG H.The effect of notches and non-metallic inclusions on the fatigue properties of high strength steel[C]//Proceedings Swedish Symposium on Non-Metallic Inclusions in Steel.S9dertlje,Sweden,1981:395-428.
[31]TAYLOR D,BOLOGNA P,KNANI K B.Prediction of fatigue failure location on a component using a critical distance method[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2000,22(9):735-742.
[32]TAYLOR D.The theory of critical distances[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2008,75(7):1696-1705.
[33]TAYLOR D.The theory of critical distances:a new perspective in fracture mechanics[M].Amsterdan:Elsevier,2007.
[34]TAYLOR D.Geometrical effects in fatigue:a unifying theoretical model[J].International Journal of Fatigue,1999,21(5):413-420.
[35]FROST N E.The growth of fatigue cracks[J].American Mathematical Monthly,1954,61(3):375-377.
[36]KOBAYASHI H,NAKAZAWA H.The effects of notch depth on the initiation propagation and non-propagation of fatigue cracks[J].Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers,1969,35(277):1856-1863.
[37]YUKITAKA M,MASAHIRO E.Quantitative evaluation of fatigue strength of metals containing various small defects or cracks[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,1983,17(1):1-15.
[38]MURAKAMI Y,ENDO M.Effects of Hardness and Crack Geometry on Delta K sub th of Small Cracks[J].Journal of the Society of Materials Science(Japan),1986,35(395):911-917.
[39]MURAKAMI Y,ENDO M.Effects of defects,inclusions and inhomogeneities on fatigue-strength[J].International Journal of Fatigue,1994,16(3):163-182.
[2]WOHLERA.Verrsuche uber die festigkeit dereisenbahnwagenachsen[J].Zeitschrift fur Bauwesen,1860,10:584-616.
[3]PARIS P C,ERDOGAN F A.A critical analysis of crack propagation laws[J].Journal of Basic Engineering,1 9 6 3,8 5(4):5 2 5-5 3 4.
[4]GOODIER J N.Concentration of stress around spherical and cylindrical inclusions and flaws[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics,1933,55(7):39-44.
[5]MAYES I C,BAKER T J.An understanding of fatigue thresholds through the influence of nonmetallic inclusions in steel[J].Fatigue&Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures,1981,4(1):79-95.
[6]KIESSLING R,LANGE N.Non-metallic inclusions in steel[M].London:Metals Society,1978.
[7]MURAKAMI Y,KAWAKAMI K,DUCKWORTH W E.Quantitative evaluation of effects of shape and size of artificially introduced alumina particles on the fatigue strength of 1.5Ni-CrMo(En24)steel[J].International Journal of Fatigue,1991,13(6):489-499.
[8]MURAKAMI Y.Metal fatigue:effects of small defects and nonmetallic inclusions[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,2002.
[9]PEARSON S.Initiation of fatigue cracks in commercial aluminium alloys and the subsequent propagation of very short cracks[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,1975,7(2):235-247.
[10]LANKFORD J.The growth of small fatigue cracks in 7075-T6aluminum[J].Fatigue&Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures,1982,5(3):233-248.
[11]TANAKA K,MURA T.A dislocation model for fatigue crack initiation[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics-Transactions of the ASEM,1981,48(1):97-103.
[12]TANAKA K,NAKAI Y.Propagation and non-propagation of short fatigue cracks at a sharp notch[J].Fatigue&Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures,1983,6(4):315-327.
[13]MORRIS W L.Microcrack closure phenomena for Al 2219-T851[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,1979,10(1):5-11.
[14]MORRIS W L.The non-continuum crack tip deformationbehavior of surface microcracks[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,1980,11(7):1117-1123.
[15]SURESH S,RITCHIE R O.Propagation of short fatigue cracks[J].International Metals Reviews,1984,29(1):445-476.
[16]ISHIHARA S,MCEVILY A J.Analysis of short fatigue crack growth in cast aluminum alloys[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2002,24(11):1169-1174.
[17]CHAPETTI M D.Fatigue propagation threshold of short cracks under constant amplitude loading[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2003,25(12):1319-1326.
[18]SHYAM A,PICARD Y N,JONES J W,et al.Small fatigue crack propagation from micronotches in the cast aluminum alloy W319[J].Scripta Materialia,2004,50(8):1109-1114.
[19]ENDO M,MCEVILY A J.Prediction of the behavior of small fatigue cracks[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2007,468(1):51-58.
[20]MCEVILY A J,ISHIHARA S,ENDO M,et al.On one-and two-parameter analyses of short fatigue crack growth[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2007,29(12):2237-2245.
[21]MEGGIOLARO M A,MIRANDA A C D,CASTRO J T P.Short crack threshold estimates to predict notch sensitivity factors in fatigue[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2007,29(9-11):2022-2031.
[22]KITAGAWA H,TAKAHASHI S.Applicability of fracture mechanics to very small cracks or the cracks in the early stages[C]//In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Mechanical Behavior of Materials.Metals Park,1976:627-631
[23]EL HADDAD M H,TOPPER T H,SMITH K N.Prediction of non propagating cracks[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,1979,11(3):573-584.
[24]TANAKA K,NAKAI Y,YAMASHITA M.Fatigue growth threshold of small cracks[J].International Journal of Fracture,1981,17(5):519-533.
[25]PETERSON R E.Metal Fatigue[M].New York:Mc Graw Hill,1959.
[26]NEUBER H.Theory of notch stresses[M].Berlin:SplingerVerlag,1958.
[27]SIEBEL E,STIELER M.Significance of dissimilar stress distributions for cyclic loading[J].Zeitschr.Ver.Deut.Ing,1955,97:146-148.
[28]LUKAS P,KUNZ L,WEISS B,et al.Non-damaging notches in fatigue[J].Fatigue&Fracture of Engineering Materials&Structures,1986,9(3):195-204.
[29]MITCHELL M R.Review on the mechanical properties of cast steels with emphasis on fatigue behavior and influence of microdiscontinuities[J].Journal of Engineering Materials Technology,1977,99(4):329-343.
[30]NORDBERG H.The effect of notches and non-metallic inclusions on the fatigue properties of high strength steel[C]//Proceedings Swedish Symposium on Non-Metallic Inclusions in Steel.S9dertlje,Sweden,1981:395-428.
[31]TAYLOR D,BOLOGNA P,KNANI K B.Prediction of fatigue failure location on a component using a critical distance method[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2000,22(9):735-742.
[32]TAYLOR D.The theory of critical distances[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2008,75(7):1696-1705.
[33]TAYLOR D.The theory of critical distances:a new perspective in fracture mechanics[M].Amsterdan:Elsevier,2007.
[34]TAYLOR D.Geometrical effects in fatigue:a unifying theoretical model[J].International Journal of Fatigue,1999,21(5):413-420.
[35]FROST N E.The growth of fatigue cracks[J].American Mathematical Monthly,1954,61(3):375-377.
[36]KOBAYASHI H,NAKAZAWA H.The effects of notch depth on the initiation propagation and non-propagation of fatigue cracks[J].Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers,1969,35(277):1856-1863.
[37]YUKITAKA M,MASAHIRO E.Quantitative evaluation of fatigue strength of metals containing various small defects or cracks[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,1983,17(1):1-15.
[38]MURAKAMI Y,ENDO M.Effects of Hardness and Crack Geometry on Delta K sub th of Small Cracks[J].Journal of the Society of Materials Science(Japan),1986,35(395):911-917.
[39]MURAKAMI Y,ENDO M.Effects of defects,inclusions and inhomogeneities on fatigue-strength[J].International Journal of Fatigue,1994,16(3):163-182.