Q235钢短裂纹扩展的力-磁耦合模拟
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摘要
为了研究Q235钢短裂纹扩展过程中磁信号的变化规律,从能量守恒角度建立了力-磁耦合模型,用有限元方法求解出表面短裂纹不同方向扩展引起的应力分布和磁感应强度,分析拉伸载荷下早期短裂纹扩展对表面空间磁信号的影响。结果表明:随着拉应力的增加,磁感应强度线性增大;短裂纹形成的磁异常表现为磁感应强度出现峰值,磁异常峰值随短裂纹长度和宽度的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,随深度的增加逐渐增大;短裂纹沿长度、宽度、深度3个不同方向扩展均会影响磁异常峰值,其中深度变化对磁信号的影响最大。可通过测量表面磁感应强度来判别Q235钢的早期损伤,数值模拟为磁法检测在Q235钢及相似材料特性构件的短裂纹扩展问题中的应用提供了理论依据。
In order to characterize the varying rule of magnetic signals during the process of short crack propagation of Q235 steel,a coupling model of stress and magnetic was established on the theory of conservation of energy. The finite element method was used to solve the stress distribution and magnetic induction intensity caused by the expansion of the short surface cracks in different directions. The effect of early short crack propagation on the magnetic signal of surface space under the tensile load was analyzed. The results show that the magnetic induction intensity increases linearly with the increase of tensile stress. The magnetic anomaly formed by short crack shows a peak value of magnetic induction intensity. The peak value of magnetic anomaly first increases and then decreases with the increase in the length and depth of short cracks and gradually increases with depth. The propagation of short cracks in length,width and depth would affect the peak value of magnetic anomaly,where in the effect of depth variation on magnetic signal is the greatest. Early damage in Q235 steel can be determined by measuring the magnetic induction intensity of the surface. This numerical simulation provided a theoretical basis for the application of the magnetic detection method in the detection of short crack propagation of Q235 steel and similar material.
In order to characterize the varying rule of magnetic signals during the process of short crack propagation of Q235 steel,a coupling model of stress and magnetic was established on the theory of conservation of energy. The finite element method was used to solve the stress distribution and magnetic induction intensity caused by the expansion of the short surface cracks in different directions. The effect of early short crack propagation on the magnetic signal of surface space under the tensile load was analyzed. The results show that the magnetic induction intensity increases linearly with the increase of tensile stress. The magnetic anomaly formed by short crack shows a peak value of magnetic induction intensity. The peak value of magnetic anomaly first increases and then decreases with the increase in the length and depth of short cracks and gradually increases with depth. The propagation of short cracks in length,width and depth would affect the peak value of magnetic anomaly,where in the effect of depth variation on magnetic signal is the greatest. Early damage in Q235 steel can be determined by measuring the magnetic induction intensity of the surface. This numerical simulation provided a theoretical basis for the application of the magnetic detection method in the detection of short crack propagation of Q235 steel and similar material.
引文
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[2]Paris P C,Erdogan F. A critical analysis of crack propagation laws[J].Journal of Basic Engineering,1963,85(4):528-533.
[3]Tanaka K,Akinawa Y,Nakai Y. Modeling of small fatigue crack growth interaction with grain boundary[J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics,1986,24(6):803-819.
[4]冷建成.基于磁记忆技术的铁磁性材料早期损伤诊断方法研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2012.Leng Jiancheng. Research on early damage diagnosis method of ferromagnetic materials based on magnetic memory testing technique[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2012.
[5]Vourna P,Ktena A,Tsakiridis P E,et al. An accurate evaluation of the residual stress of welded electrical steels with magnetic Barkhausen noise[J]. Measurement,2015,71:31-45.
[6]Lindgren M,Lepist9 T. Application of a novel type Barkhausen noise sensor to continuous fatigue monitoring[J]. Ndt and E International,2000,33(6):423-428.
[7] Piotrowski L,Augustyniak B,Chmielewski M,et al. Possibility of application of magnetoacoustic emission for the assessment of plastic deformation level in ferrous materials[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2011,47(8):2087-2092.
[8]BonavolontàC, Peluso G, Valentino M, et al. Detection of magnetomechanical effect in structural steel using SQUIDs and Flux-gate sensors[J]. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism,2009,22(8):833-839.
[9]Dubov A A. Study of metal properties using magnetic memory method[C]//Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Nondestructive Testing. Copenhagen,1998:920-927.
[10]张卫民,董韶平,张之敬.金属磁记忆检测技术的现状与发展[J].中国机械工程,2003,14(10):892-896.Zhang Weimin,Dong Shaoping,Zhang Zhijing. State-of-the-art of metal magnetic memory testing technique[J]. China Mechanical Engineering,2003,14(10):892-896.
[11]张卫民,邱忠超,袁俊杰,等.关于利用金属磁记忆方法进行应力定量化评价问题的讨论[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(8):9-13.Zhang Weimin,Qiu Zhongchao,Yuan Junjie,et al. Discussion on stress quantitative evaluation using metal magneticmemory method[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(8):9-13.
[12]Dong L,Xu B,Dong S,et al. Monitoring fatigue crack propagation of ferromagnetic materials with spontaneous abnormal magnetic signals[J]. International Journal of Fatigue,2008,30(9):1599-1605.
[13]陈海龙,王长龙,左宪章,等.基于金属磁记忆信号垂向特征分析的损伤状态识别[J].仪器仪表学报,2017,38(6):1516-1522.Chen Hailong,Wang Changlong,Zuo Xianzhang,et al. Damage state recognition based on metal magnetic memorysignal vertical distribution feature analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2017,38(6):1516-1522.
[14]胡博,于润桥,徐伟津.人工槽模拟GH4169涡轮盘表面裂纹缺陷的微磁检测[J].航空学报,2015,36(10):3450-3456.Hu Bo,Yu Runqiao,Xu Weijin. Micro-magnetic NDT for surface crack defectin a GH4169 turbine discsimulated by artificialgroove[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2015,36(10):3450-3456.
[15]Cullity B D,Graham C D. Introduction to Magnetic Materials[M].John Wiley and Sons,2011
[16] Jiles D C. Theory of the magnetomechanical effect[J]. Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics,1995,28(8):1537.
[17]Wang S L,Wang W,Su S Q,et al. A magneto-mechanical model on differential permeability and stress of ferromagnetic materials[J]. Journal of Xian University of Science and Technology,2005,25(3):288-291.
[18]黄炳炎.焊接裂纹磁记忆效应力磁耦合的数值模拟研究[D].天津:天津大学,2007.Huang Bingyan. Numerical simulation study of coupling between stress and magnetism for magnetic memory effectof the welding crack[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,