非线性振型结构HFFB试验模态力计算方法及不确定性分析
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摘要
基于高频测力天平风洞试验对非线性振型结构的风致响应提出了改进的评估方法。假设结构风荷载沿高度的分布与阵风风压分布相同,采用结构真实振型计算风荷载模态力。推导了高耸结构风荷载模态力及风致响应计算公式,可以考虑结构多阶真实振型,从而使高频测力天平方法可更为准确地评估非线性振型结构的风致响应及等效静力风荷载。对某一质量、刚度有突变的高耸结构进行了高频测力天平风洞试验,与现有的线性化振型法进行对比,结果表明在弱非线性振型下,线性化振型法得到的加速度响应较层荷载假设方法偏大约40%。研究了层荷载分布的不确定性对计算加速度响应结果的影响,结果表明在阵风剖面层荷载的假设下,荷载分布的不确定性对结构最大加速度响应的影响很小,验证了本文方法的适用性。
Based on the high-frequency-force-balance test, an improved method for evaluating wind-induced response of nonlinear mode-shape structures is proposed. The vertical distribution of wind load is assumed to be the same with gust wind pressure, then real mode shapes are used to calculate the generalized wind forces. The computational formulas of generalized wind forces and wind-induced responses are derived, and the higher modes can be considered, so that the high-frequency-force-balance method can accurately evaluate the wind-induced responses and equivalent static wind loads of nonlinear mode shape structures. A high-frequency-force-balance test of a tall structure with changes in mass and stiffness is conducted. Comparing the proposed method with linear mode shape method, the computational error of the linear mode assumption is analyzed, and it shows that the acceleration response of a nonlinear mode shape structure can be 40% overestimated applying the linear mode shape method. The influence of the load distribution uncertainty is studied. The results show that under the assumption of gust wind profile load, the load distribution uncertainty has little effect on the maximum acceleration response, which proves the applicability of the proposed method.
Based on the high-frequency-force-balance test, an improved method for evaluating wind-induced response of nonlinear mode-shape structures is proposed. The vertical distribution of wind load is assumed to be the same with gust wind pressure, then real mode shapes are used to calculate the generalized wind forces. The computational formulas of generalized wind forces and wind-induced responses are derived, and the higher modes can be considered, so that the high-frequency-force-balance method can accurately evaluate the wind-induced responses and equivalent static wind loads of nonlinear mode shape structures. A high-frequency-force-balance test of a tall structure with changes in mass and stiffness is conducted. Comparing the proposed method with linear mode shape method, the computational error of the linear mode assumption is analyzed, and it shows that the acceleration response of a nonlinear mode shape structure can be 40% overestimated applying the linear mode shape method. The influence of the load distribution uncertainty is studied. The results show that under the assumption of gust wind profile load, the load distribution uncertainty has little effect on the maximum acceleration response, which proves the applicability of the proposed method.
引文
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[22]吴承卉,黄铭枫,姜雄,等.基于半刚性模型风洞试验的锅炉塔架风振分析[J].空气动力学学报,2015,33(3):353―359.Wu Chenghui,Huang Mingfeng,Jiang Xiong,et al.Wind-induced vibration analysis of lattice-truss tower installed with a boiler based on semi-rigid model test[J].Acta Aerodynamica Sinica,2015,33(3):353―359.(in Chinese)
[23]Herrador M A,Asuero A G,Gonzalez A G.Estimation of the uncertainty of indirect measurements from the propagation of distributions by using the Monte-Carlo method:An overview[J].Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems,2005,79(1―2):115―122.
[2]Chen X,Kwon D,Kareem A.High-frequency force balance technique for tall buildings:A critical review and some new insights[J].Wind and Structures,2014,18(4):391―422.
[3]谢壮宁,石碧青,倪振华,等.深圳京基金融中心气动抗风措施试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2010,31(10):1―7.Xie Zhuangning,Shi Biqing,Ni Zhenhua,et al.Experimental study on reduction of wind loads on the Shenzhen King key Financial Tower by aerodynamic strategy[J].Journal of Building Structures,2010,31(10):1―7.(in Chinese)
[4]石碧青,谢壮宁,倪振华.用高频底座力天平研究广州西塔的风效应[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(2):42―48.Shi Biqing,Xie Zhuangning,Ni Zhenhua.Study on wind effects of Guangzhou West Tower using high-frequencyforce-balance method[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2008,41(2):42―48.(in Chinese)
[5]顾明,周印,张锋,等.用高频动态天平方法研究金茂大厦的动力风荷载和风振响应[J].建筑结构学报,2000,21(4):55―61.Gu Ming,Zhou Yin,Zhang Feng,et al.Study on wind loads and wind-induced vibration of the Jin Mao building using high-frequency-force-balance method[J].Journal of Building Structures,2000,21(4):55―61.(in Chinese)
[6]李正农,李兵,程杰,等.相邻柜体干扰对煤气柜风致基底剪力的影响[J].工程力学,2017,34(11):102―108.Li Zhengnong,Li Bing,Cheng Jie,et al.Influence of adjacent gas holder interference on wind-induced base shear of gas holder[J].Engineering Mechanics,2017,34(11):102―108.(in Chinese)
[7]杨风利.角钢输电铁塔横担角度风荷载系数取值研究[J].工程力学,2017,34(4):150―159.Yang Fengli.Study on skewed wind load factor on cross-arms of angle steel transmission towers under skewed wind[J].Engineering Mechanics,2017,34(4):150―159.(in Chinese)
[8]Holmes J D.Mode shape corrections for dynamicresponse to wind[J].Engineering Structures,1987,9(3):210―212.
[9]Xu Y L,Kwok K C S.Mode shape corrections for wind tunnel tests of tall buildings[J].Engineering Structures,1993,15(5):387―392.
[10]Chen X,Kareem A.Dynamic wind effects on buildings with 3D coupled modes:application of high frequency force balance measurements[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanic,2005,131(11):1115―1125.
[11]Chen X,Kareem A.Coupled dynamic analysis and equivalent static wind loads on buildings with three-dimensional modes[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2005,131(7):1071―1082.
[12]Lam K M,Li A.Mode shape correction for wind-induced dynamic responses of tall buildings using time-domain computation and wind tunnel tests[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2009,322(4/5):740―755.
[13]Xie J,Irwin P A.Application of the force balance technique to a building complex[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1998,77-78:579―590.
[14]Xie J,Garber J.HFFB technique and its validation studies[J].Wind and Structures,2014,18(18):375―389.
[15]Chen X Z,Kareem A.Validity of wind load distribution based on high frequency force balance measurements[J].Journal of Structural Engineering-ASCE,2005,131(6):984―987.
[16]Holmes J D,Tse T K T.International high-frequency base balance benchmark study[J].Wind and Structures.2014,18(4):457―471.
[17]Huang M F,Li Q,Lou W.Model-selection uncertainty quantifications in HFFB dynamic analyses of a complex tall building[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2018,144(6):04018040.
[18]Cui W,Caracoglia L.Examination of experimental variability in HFFB testing of a tall building under multi-directional winds[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2017,171:34―49.
[19]Yip D.A new force balance data analysis method for wind response predictions of tall buildings[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1995,54―55:457―471.
[20]GB 50009―2012,建筑结构荷载规范[S].北京:中国住房和城乡建设部,2012.GB 50009―2012,Load code for design of building structures[S].Beijing:China’s Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction,2012.(in Chinese)
[21]邹良浩,梁枢果.半刚性模型风洞试验荷载谱的处理方法[J].实验流体力学,2007,21(3):76―81.Zou Lianghao,Liang Shuguo.A method to evaluate wind force spectra of semi-rigid model in wind tunnel tests[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics,2007,21(3):76―81.(in Chinese)
[22]吴承卉,黄铭枫,姜雄,等.基于半刚性模型风洞试验的锅炉塔架风振分析[J].空气动力学学报,2015,33(3):353―359.Wu Chenghui,Huang Mingfeng,Jiang Xiong,et al.Wind-induced vibration analysis of lattice-truss tower installed with a boiler based on semi-rigid model test[J].Acta Aerodynamica Sinica,2015,33(3):353―359.(in Chinese)
[23]Herrador M A,Asuero A G,Gonzalez A G.Estimation of the uncertainty of indirect measurements from the propagation of distributions by using the Monte-Carlo method:An overview[J].Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems,2005,79(1―2):115―122.