空调冷负荷计算方法的发展现状与挑战
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摘要
回顾了国内外空调冷负荷计算方法的发展历史并总结了发展现状,介绍了2种先进的冷负荷计算方法——热平衡方法和辐射时间序列方法;综述了负荷计算软件和建筑能耗模拟软件的现状。指出了新的空调系统形式和运行模式的出现改变了室内得热到冷负荷的转化过程,需要研究新的负荷计算方法,指导新型空调系统的设计。
Overviews the historic development of Chinese and overseas cooling load calculation methods and summaries the current status.Presents two advanced calculation methods—heat balance method and radiant time series method,and reviews the software development of cooling load calculation and buildingenergy simulation.Points out that the new form and operating way of air conditioning systems change the process of heat gain conversing into cooling load,which leads to develop a new cooling load calculation method,so as to guide the design of new air conditioning systems.
Overviews the historic development of Chinese and overseas cooling load calculation methods and summaries the current status.Presents two advanced calculation methods—heat balance method and radiant time series method,and reviews the software development of cooling load calculation and buildingenergy simulation.Points out that the new form and operating way of air conditioning systems change the process of heat gain conversing into cooling load,which leads to develop a new cooling load calculation method,so as to guide the design of new air conditioning systems.
引文
[1]MACKEY C O,WRIGHT L T.Periodic heat flowhomogeneous walls and roofs[G]∥ASHVE Trans,1944,50:293-312
[2]MACKEY C O,WRIGHT L T.Periodic heat flowcomposite walls and roofs[G]∥ASHVE Trans,1946,52:283-296
[3]什克洛维尔A M.周期性热作用下的传热[M].陈在康,蔡祖康,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1964:3-56
[4]Carrier Air Conditioning Company.Handbook of airconditioning system design[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1965:1-110
[5]STEPHENSON D G,MITALAS G P.Calculation of heat conduction transfer function for multi-layer slabs[G]∥ASHRAE Trans,1971,77:117-126
[6]RUDOY W,DURAN F.Development of an improved cooling load calculation method[G]∥ASHRAE Trans,1975,81(2):19-69
[7]McQUISTON F C,SPITLER J D.ASHRAE cooling and heating load calculation manual[M].2nd ed.Atlanta:American Society of Heating,Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers,Inc,1992:1-100
[8]PEDERSEN C O,FISHER D E,LIESEN R J.Development of a heat balance procedure for calculating cooling load[G]∥ASHRAE Trans,1997,103(2):459-468
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[11]SPITLER J D,FISHER D E.The radiant time series cooling load calculation procedure[G]∥ASHRAETrans,1997,103(2):503-514
[12]SPILTER J D,FISHER D E.Development of periodic response factors for use with the radiant time series method[G]∥ASHRAE Trans,1999,105(2):491-502
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[15]SPITLER J D,FISHER D E.On the relationship between the radiant time series and transfer function methods for design cooling load calculations[J].International Journal of HVAC&R Research,1995,5(2):125-138
[16]BAUMAN F,FENG J,SCHIAVON S.Cooling load calculations for radiant systems:are they the same traditional method[J].ASHRAE Journal,2013,55(12):20-27
[17]KLEIN S A,BECKMAN W A,MITCHELL J W,et al.TRNSYS:a transient system simulation program[M].Wisconsin:University of Wisconsin-Madison,1988:1-40
[18]SOWELL E F.Efficient solution strategies for building energy system simulation[J].Energy and Buildings,2001,33(4):309-317
[19]CLARKE J A.Energy simulation in building design[M].Bristol:Adam Hilger Ltd,1985:1-90
[20]LBNL.EnergyPlus engineering document[M].Version 8.6.Berkeley CA:Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory,2002:1-45
[21]CLARKE J A,MCLEAN D.ESP-A building and plant energy simulation system[M].Strathclyde:University of Strathclyde,1988:1-80
[22]燕达,谢晓娜,宋芳婷,等.建筑环境设计模拟分析软DeST第一讲建筑模拟技术与DeST发展简介[J].暖通空调,2004,34(7):48-56
[23]HITTLE D C.Building loads analysis and system thermodynamics(BLAST)users Manual[M].U SArmy Construction Engineering Research Laboratory(USA-CERL),1979:1-17
[24]DOE.DOE-2engineers manual[M].Version 2.1A.Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory,1982:1-80
[25]HONG T Z,ZHANG J Q,JIANG Y.IISABRE:an overview of developments and information sources[J].Building and Environment,2000,35(4):347-361
[26]WANG Y J,CHEN Y M,ZHOU J.Dynamic modeling of the ventilated double skin facade in hot summer and cold winter zone in China[J].Building and Environment,2016,106:365-377
[27]LIU X W,CHEN Y M,GE H.Numerical investigation for thermal performance of exterior walls of residential buildings with moisture transfer in hot summer and cold winter zone of China[J].Energy and Buildings,2015,93:259-268
[28]赵志安,单寄平.办公楼类型空调建筑物间歇空调设计负荷的简化计算法[J].制冷学报,1987,8(1):16-22
[29]FENG J,SCHIAVON S,BAUMAN F.Cooling load differences between radiant and air systems[J].Energy and Buildings,2013,65:310-321
[30]FENG J,BAUMAN F,SCHIAVON S.Experimental comparison of zone cooling load between radiant and air systems[J].Energy and Buildings,2014,84:152-159
[31]翁文兵,李勇,李聪.辐射供冷房间冷负荷计算方法的研究[J].建筑节能,2016,44(1):1-6
[32]ASHRAE.ASHRAE handbook-HVAC systems and equipment[M].Atlanta:American Society of Heating,Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers,Inc,2012
[33]ISO.Building environment design-design,dimensioning,installation and control of embedded radiant heating and cooling systems:ISO 11855[S].BSI Standards Limited,2012
[34]European Standard.Ventilation for buildings.Calculation of room temperatures and of load and energy for buildings with room conditioning systems:BS EN15243-2007[S].BSI Standards Limited,2007
[35]HU R,NIU J L.A review of the application of radiant cooling&heating systems in Mainland China[J].Energy and Buildings,2012,52:11-19
[2]MACKEY C O,WRIGHT L T.Periodic heat flowcomposite walls and roofs[G]∥ASHVE Trans,1946,52:283-296
[3]什克洛维尔A M.周期性热作用下的传热[M].陈在康,蔡祖康,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1964:3-56
[4]Carrier Air Conditioning Company.Handbook of airconditioning system design[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1965:1-110
[5]STEPHENSON D G,MITALAS G P.Calculation of heat conduction transfer function for multi-layer slabs[G]∥ASHRAE Trans,1971,77:117-126
[6]RUDOY W,DURAN F.Development of an improved cooling load calculation method[G]∥ASHRAE Trans,1975,81(2):19-69
[7]McQUISTON F C,SPITLER J D.ASHRAE cooling and heating load calculation manual[M].2nd ed.Atlanta:American Society of Heating,Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers,Inc,1992:1-100
[8]PEDERSEN C O,FISHER D E,LIESEN R J.Development of a heat balance procedure for calculating cooling load[G]∥ASHRAE Trans,1997,103(2):459-468
[9]ASHRAE.ASHRAE handbook-fundamentals[M].Atlanta:American Society of Heating,Refrigerating,and Air-Conditioning Engineers,Inc,2009:18.14-18.29
[10]ASHRAE.ASHRAE handbook-fundamentals[M].Atlanta:American Society of Heating,Refrigerating,and Air-Conditioning Engineers,Inc,2013:18.15-18.30
[11]SPITLER J D,FISHER D E.The radiant time series cooling load calculation procedure[G]∥ASHRAETrans,1997,103(2):503-514
[12]SPILTER J D,FISHER D E.Development of periodic response factors for use with the radiant time series method[G]∥ASHRAE Trans,1999,105(2):491-502
[13]中国建筑科学研究院.民用建筑供暖通风与空气调节设计规范:GB 50736-2012[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012
[14]中国建筑科学研究院.辐射供暖供冷技术规程[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012:12
[15]SPITLER J D,FISHER D E.On the relationship between the radiant time series and transfer function methods for design cooling load calculations[J].International Journal of HVAC&R Research,1995,5(2):125-138
[16]BAUMAN F,FENG J,SCHIAVON S.Cooling load calculations for radiant systems:are they the same traditional method[J].ASHRAE Journal,2013,55(12):20-27
[17]KLEIN S A,BECKMAN W A,MITCHELL J W,et al.TRNSYS:a transient system simulation program[M].Wisconsin:University of Wisconsin-Madison,1988:1-40
[18]SOWELL E F.Efficient solution strategies for building energy system simulation[J].Energy and Buildings,2001,33(4):309-317
[19]CLARKE J A.Energy simulation in building design[M].Bristol:Adam Hilger Ltd,1985:1-90
[20]LBNL.EnergyPlus engineering document[M].Version 8.6.Berkeley CA:Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory,2002:1-45
[21]CLARKE J A,MCLEAN D.ESP-A building and plant energy simulation system[M].Strathclyde:University of Strathclyde,1988:1-80
[22]燕达,谢晓娜,宋芳婷,等.建筑环境设计模拟分析软DeST第一讲建筑模拟技术与DeST发展简介[J].暖通空调,2004,34(7):48-56
[23]HITTLE D C.Building loads analysis and system thermodynamics(BLAST)users Manual[M].U SArmy Construction Engineering Research Laboratory(USA-CERL),1979:1-17
[24]DOE.DOE-2engineers manual[M].Version 2.1A.Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory,1982:1-80
[25]HONG T Z,ZHANG J Q,JIANG Y.IISABRE:an overview of developments and information sources[J].Building and Environment,2000,35(4):347-361
[26]WANG Y J,CHEN Y M,ZHOU J.Dynamic modeling of the ventilated double skin facade in hot summer and cold winter zone in China[J].Building and Environment,2016,106:365-377
[27]LIU X W,CHEN Y M,GE H.Numerical investigation for thermal performance of exterior walls of residential buildings with moisture transfer in hot summer and cold winter zone of China[J].Energy and Buildings,2015,93:259-268
[28]赵志安,单寄平.办公楼类型空调建筑物间歇空调设计负荷的简化计算法[J].制冷学报,1987,8(1):16-22
[29]FENG J,SCHIAVON S,BAUMAN F.Cooling load differences between radiant and air systems[J].Energy and Buildings,2013,65:310-321
[30]FENG J,BAUMAN F,SCHIAVON S.Experimental comparison of zone cooling load between radiant and air systems[J].Energy and Buildings,2014,84:152-159
[31]翁文兵,李勇,李聪.辐射供冷房间冷负荷计算方法的研究[J].建筑节能,2016,44(1):1-6
[32]ASHRAE.ASHRAE handbook-HVAC systems and equipment[M].Atlanta:American Society of Heating,Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers,Inc,2012
[33]ISO.Building environment design-design,dimensioning,installation and control of embedded radiant heating and cooling systems:ISO 11855[S].BSI Standards Limited,2012
[34]European Standard.Ventilation for buildings.Calculation of room temperatures and of load and energy for buildings with room conditioning systems:BS EN15243-2007[S].BSI Standards Limited,2007
[35]HU R,NIU J L.A review of the application of radiant cooling&heating systems in Mainland China[J].Energy and Buildings,2012,52:11-19