等离子弧堆焊镍基球形碳化钨涂层摩擦磨损研究
|
摘要
目的采用等离子转移弧堆焊技术制成镍基球形碳化钨复合涂层,研究碳化钨含量对复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响,以用于实际生产开发。方法碳化钨质量分数分别为20%、30%、50%、60%的镍基混合粉末通过等离子堆焊方法制备成复合涂层,并采用Bruker公司生产的万能摩擦磨损试验机对镍基碳化钨复合涂层的侧面进行摩擦磨损性能测试。对各组涂层的表面形貌、摩擦系数、划痕横截面积及磨损面的微观形貌进行对比分析,探究碳化钨的含量对复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果等离子转移弧堆焊镍基球形碳化钨复合涂层的耐磨性能随着碳化钨含量的增大而增大,同时近熔合区基体的耐磨性能也不断提高。当碳化钨质量分数小于50%时,主要发生的是粘着磨损和氧化磨损;当碳化钨质量分数大于50%时,主要发生的是粘着磨损和磨料磨损。结论由于碳化钨的存在以及增强相的不断生成,随着碳化钨含量的增大,复合涂层的磨损性能不断提高。出于性能和成本考虑,当碳化钨质量分数为50%时更适合实际应用。
The work aims to study the influence of different WC contents on the wear resistance of Ni-based WC composite coatings deposited by the plasma transfer arc, so as to expand the use in practice. Ni-based composite coatings were sintered by plasma transferred arc welding with 20%, 30%, 50% and 60% content. Cross-sectional friction wear tests were conducted with multifunctional friction and wear tester made by Bruker corporation. By observing morphology, friction coefficient, cross-sectional area and microstructure of wear track, the influence of WC content on the wear resistance of composite coating was investigated. The results indicated that the wear resistance of Ni-based WC composite coatings deposited by the plasma transfer arc welding rose while the content of WC increased; meanwhile the wear resistance of the base near the fusion zone was also improved. When the content of WC was less than 50%, adhesive wear and oxidative wear mainly existed. When it exceeded 50%, adhesive wear and abrasive wear mainly happened. Due to the existence of WC and the continuous generation of wild phase, the wear resistance of composite coating will be continuously improved with the enhancement of the WC content. For the sake of performance and cost, WC of 50 wt.% is more suitable for practical applications.
The work aims to study the influence of different WC contents on the wear resistance of Ni-based WC composite coatings deposited by the plasma transfer arc, so as to expand the use in practice. Ni-based composite coatings were sintered by plasma transferred arc welding with 20%, 30%, 50% and 60% content. Cross-sectional friction wear tests were conducted with multifunctional friction and wear tester made by Bruker corporation. By observing morphology, friction coefficient, cross-sectional area and microstructure of wear track, the influence of WC content on the wear resistance of composite coating was investigated. The results indicated that the wear resistance of Ni-based WC composite coatings deposited by the plasma transfer arc welding rose while the content of WC increased; meanwhile the wear resistance of the base near the fusion zone was also improved. When the content of WC was less than 50%, adhesive wear and oxidative wear mainly existed. When it exceeded 50%, adhesive wear and abrasive wear mainly happened. Due to the existence of WC and the continuous generation of wild phase, the wear resistance of composite coating will be continuously improved with the enhancement of the WC content. For the sake of performance and cost, WC of 50 wt.% is more suitable for practical applications.
引文
[1]黄雨舟,刘伯洋,董丽华,等.镍基球形碳化钨复合涂层在高温高压饱和H2S溶液中腐蚀行为[J].腐蚀与防护,2014,35(9):861.HUANG Yu-zhou,LIU Bo-yang,DONG Li-hua,et al.High Temperature and High Pressure Corrosion Behavior of Nickel Based Tungsten Carbide Coating in Saturated H2S Aqueous Solution[J].Corrosion&Protection,2014,35(9):861.
[2]陈长风,姜瑞景,张国安,等.镍基合金管材高温高压H2S/CO2环境中局部腐蚀研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2010,39(3):427-432.CHEN Chang-feng,JIANG Rui-jing,ZHANG Guo-an,et al.Study on Local Corrosion of Nickel-base Alloy Tube in the Environment of High Temperature and High Pressure H2S/CO2[J].Rare Materials and Engineering,2010,39(3):427-432.
[3]艾志久,范钰玮,赵乾坤.H2S对油气管材的腐蚀及防护研究综述[J].表面技术,2015,44(9):108-115.AI Zhi-jiu,FAN Yu-wei,ZHAO Qian-kun.Review on H2S Corrosion of Oil Gas Tubing and Its Protection[J].Surface Technology,2015,44(9):108-115.
[4]李连颖,杜晓东,宋自力,等.等离子弧喷焊颗粒增强铁基合金涂层组织的分析[J].焊接学报,2012,33(9):41-44.LI Lian-ying,DU Xiao-dong,SONG Zi-li,et al.Analysis on Microstructure of Particles Reinforced Febased Layers by Plasma Spray Welding[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2012,33(9):41-44.
[5]葛言柳,邓德伟,鲁俊,等.两种Ni-Cr-B-Si系合金等离子堆焊层组织结构和显微硬度的研究[J].表面技术,2012,41(1):5-8.GE Yan-liu,DENG De-wei,LU Jun,et al.Study on Microstructure and Microhardness in PTA Weld Hardfacings of Two Types of Ni-Cr-B-Si Alloys[J].Surface Technology,2012,41(1):5-8.
[6]LEUNDA J,SANZ C,SORIANO C.Laser Cladding Strategies for Producing WC Reinforced Ni Cr Coatings Inside Twin Barrels[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2016,307:720-727.
[7]邓德伟,葛言柳,田鑫,等.等离子堆焊球形碳化钨颗粒增强镍基合金堆焊层的组织与性能[J].金属热处理,2012(11):64-68.DENG De-wei,GE Yan-liu,TIAN Xin,et al.Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nickel-based Hardfaced Coating Reinforced by Spherical Tungsten Carbides by PTAW[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2012(11):64-68.
[8]张松,韩维娜,李杰勋,等.等离子堆焊原位合成WC增强Ni基合金改性层[J].沈阳工业大学学报,2015(3):268-272.ZHANG Song,HAN Wei-na,LI Jie-xun,et al.In-situ Synthesis of WC Reinforced Ni-based Alloy Modified Layer with PTAW[J].Journal of Shenyang University of Technology,2015(3):268-272.
[9]LIYANAGE T,FISHER G,GERLICH A P.Microstructures and Abrasive Wear Performance of PTAW Deposited Ni-WC Overlays Using Different Ni-alloy Chemistries[J].Wear,2012,274:345-354.
[10]徐海峰,肖金坤,张嘎,等.热喷涂Ni Cr BSi基耐磨涂层的研究进展[J].表面技术,2016,45(2):109-117.XU Hai-feng,XIAO Jin-kun,ZHANG Ga,et al.Progress of Thermal Sprayed Ni Cr BSi Based Wear-resist-ant Coatings[J].Surface Technology,2016,45(2):109-117.
[11]严凯,陈长军,张敏,等.增材制造H13钢表面熔覆Ni/WC涂层组织及性能研究[J].应用激光,2017(2):175-180.YAN Kai,CHEN Chang-jun,ZHANG Min,et al.Laser Cladding Ni/WC Composite on H13 Steel Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing[J].Applied Laser,2017(2):175-180.
[12]陈文,龙安平,向锦涛,等.超音速火焰喷涂WC-10Co4Cr涂层在Na Cl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2014(10):3373-3378.CHEN Wen,LONG An-ping,XIANG Jin-tao,et al.Corrosion-resistance of WC-10Co4Cr HVOF Coating in Na Cl Solution[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2014(10):3373-3378.
[13]张红霞,赵红利,夏建元,等.感应重熔Ni60/WC涂层的界面组织与耐磨性研究[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2011(2):107-109.ZHANG Hong-xia,ZHAO Hong-li,XIA Jian-yuan,et al.Microstructure and Interface Morphology as Well as Wear Behavior of Induction Remelting Ni60/WC Composite Coating[J].Special Casting&Nonferrous Alloys,2011(2):107-109.
[14]吴萍,姜恩永,周昌炽,等.激光熔覆Ni/WC复合涂层的组织和性能[J].中国激光,2003(4):357-360.WU Ping,JIANG En-yong,ZHOU Chang-chi,et al.Microstructure and Properties of Ni/WC Composite Coating Prepared by Laser Cladding[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2003(4):357-360.
[15]WOLFE T B B.Homogeneity of Metal Matrix Composites Deposited by Plasma Transferred Arc Welding[M]Canada:University of Alberta,2010:364-368.
[16]李闪,胡建军,陈国清,等.镍基合金等离子堆焊层的显微组织及摩擦磨损性能[J].机械工程材料,2013,37(6):72-77.LI Shan,HU Jian-jun,CHEN Guo-qing,et al.Microstructure and Friction and Wear Properties of Plasma Surfacing Layer of Ni-based Alloy[J].Material for Mechanical Engineering,2013,37(6):72-77.
[17]FARAHMAND P,KOVACEVIC R.Corrosion and Wear Behavior of Laser Cladded Ni-WC Coatings[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2015,276:121-135.
[18]BONNY K,BAETS D P,VLEUGELS J,et al.Dry Re ciprocating Sliding Friction and Wear Response of WCNi Cemented Carbides[J].Tribology Letters,2008,31(3):199.
[19]顾正彬,李玮,李延祥.Ni基WC复合喷涂层的超塑性扩散焊接及耐磨性[J].金属热处理,1999(4):26-29.GU Zheng-bin,LI Wei,LI Yan-xiang.Super plastic Diffusion Welding of Ni Based WC Sprayed Coatings and Its Wear Resistance[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,1999(4):26-29.
[20]MA Qun-shuang,LI Ya-jiang,WANG Juan,et al.Investigation on Cored-eutectic Structure in Ni60/WC Composite Coatings Fabricated by Wide-band Laser Cladding[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2015,645:151-157.
[21]ACKER K V,VANHOYWEGHEN D,PERSOONS R,et al.Influence of Tungsten Carbide Particle Size and Distribution on the Wear Resistance of Laser Clad WC/Ni Coatings[J].Wear,2005,258(1):194-202.
[2]陈长风,姜瑞景,张国安,等.镍基合金管材高温高压H2S/CO2环境中局部腐蚀研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2010,39(3):427-432.CHEN Chang-feng,JIANG Rui-jing,ZHANG Guo-an,et al.Study on Local Corrosion of Nickel-base Alloy Tube in the Environment of High Temperature and High Pressure H2S/CO2[J].Rare Materials and Engineering,2010,39(3):427-432.
[3]艾志久,范钰玮,赵乾坤.H2S对油气管材的腐蚀及防护研究综述[J].表面技术,2015,44(9):108-115.AI Zhi-jiu,FAN Yu-wei,ZHAO Qian-kun.Review on H2S Corrosion of Oil Gas Tubing and Its Protection[J].Surface Technology,2015,44(9):108-115.
[4]李连颖,杜晓东,宋自力,等.等离子弧喷焊颗粒增强铁基合金涂层组织的分析[J].焊接学报,2012,33(9):41-44.LI Lian-ying,DU Xiao-dong,SONG Zi-li,et al.Analysis on Microstructure of Particles Reinforced Febased Layers by Plasma Spray Welding[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2012,33(9):41-44.
[5]葛言柳,邓德伟,鲁俊,等.两种Ni-Cr-B-Si系合金等离子堆焊层组织结构和显微硬度的研究[J].表面技术,2012,41(1):5-8.GE Yan-liu,DENG De-wei,LU Jun,et al.Study on Microstructure and Microhardness in PTA Weld Hardfacings of Two Types of Ni-Cr-B-Si Alloys[J].Surface Technology,2012,41(1):5-8.
[6]LEUNDA J,SANZ C,SORIANO C.Laser Cladding Strategies for Producing WC Reinforced Ni Cr Coatings Inside Twin Barrels[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2016,307:720-727.
[7]邓德伟,葛言柳,田鑫,等.等离子堆焊球形碳化钨颗粒增强镍基合金堆焊层的组织与性能[J].金属热处理,2012(11):64-68.DENG De-wei,GE Yan-liu,TIAN Xin,et al.Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nickel-based Hardfaced Coating Reinforced by Spherical Tungsten Carbides by PTAW[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2012(11):64-68.
[8]张松,韩维娜,李杰勋,等.等离子堆焊原位合成WC增强Ni基合金改性层[J].沈阳工业大学学报,2015(3):268-272.ZHANG Song,HAN Wei-na,LI Jie-xun,et al.In-situ Synthesis of WC Reinforced Ni-based Alloy Modified Layer with PTAW[J].Journal of Shenyang University of Technology,2015(3):268-272.
[9]LIYANAGE T,FISHER G,GERLICH A P.Microstructures and Abrasive Wear Performance of PTAW Deposited Ni-WC Overlays Using Different Ni-alloy Chemistries[J].Wear,2012,274:345-354.
[10]徐海峰,肖金坤,张嘎,等.热喷涂Ni Cr BSi基耐磨涂层的研究进展[J].表面技术,2016,45(2):109-117.XU Hai-feng,XIAO Jin-kun,ZHANG Ga,et al.Progress of Thermal Sprayed Ni Cr BSi Based Wear-resist-ant Coatings[J].Surface Technology,2016,45(2):109-117.
[11]严凯,陈长军,张敏,等.增材制造H13钢表面熔覆Ni/WC涂层组织及性能研究[J].应用激光,2017(2):175-180.YAN Kai,CHEN Chang-jun,ZHANG Min,et al.Laser Cladding Ni/WC Composite on H13 Steel Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing[J].Applied Laser,2017(2):175-180.
[12]陈文,龙安平,向锦涛,等.超音速火焰喷涂WC-10Co4Cr涂层在Na Cl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2014(10):3373-3378.CHEN Wen,LONG An-ping,XIANG Jin-tao,et al.Corrosion-resistance of WC-10Co4Cr HVOF Coating in Na Cl Solution[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2014(10):3373-3378.
[13]张红霞,赵红利,夏建元,等.感应重熔Ni60/WC涂层的界面组织与耐磨性研究[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2011(2):107-109.ZHANG Hong-xia,ZHAO Hong-li,XIA Jian-yuan,et al.Microstructure and Interface Morphology as Well as Wear Behavior of Induction Remelting Ni60/WC Composite Coating[J].Special Casting&Nonferrous Alloys,2011(2):107-109.
[14]吴萍,姜恩永,周昌炽,等.激光熔覆Ni/WC复合涂层的组织和性能[J].中国激光,2003(4):357-360.WU Ping,JIANG En-yong,ZHOU Chang-chi,et al.Microstructure and Properties of Ni/WC Composite Coating Prepared by Laser Cladding[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2003(4):357-360.
[15]WOLFE T B B.Homogeneity of Metal Matrix Composites Deposited by Plasma Transferred Arc Welding[M]Canada:University of Alberta,2010:364-368.
[16]李闪,胡建军,陈国清,等.镍基合金等离子堆焊层的显微组织及摩擦磨损性能[J].机械工程材料,2013,37(6):72-77.LI Shan,HU Jian-jun,CHEN Guo-qing,et al.Microstructure and Friction and Wear Properties of Plasma Surfacing Layer of Ni-based Alloy[J].Material for Mechanical Engineering,2013,37(6):72-77.
[17]FARAHMAND P,KOVACEVIC R.Corrosion and Wear Behavior of Laser Cladded Ni-WC Coatings[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2015,276:121-135.
[18]BONNY K,BAETS D P,VLEUGELS J,et al.Dry Re ciprocating Sliding Friction and Wear Response of WCNi Cemented Carbides[J].Tribology Letters,2008,31(3):199.
[19]顾正彬,李玮,李延祥.Ni基WC复合喷涂层的超塑性扩散焊接及耐磨性[J].金属热处理,1999(4):26-29.GU Zheng-bin,LI Wei,LI Yan-xiang.Super plastic Diffusion Welding of Ni Based WC Sprayed Coatings and Its Wear Resistance[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,1999(4):26-29.
[20]MA Qun-shuang,LI Ya-jiang,WANG Juan,et al.Investigation on Cored-eutectic Structure in Ni60/WC Composite Coatings Fabricated by Wide-band Laser Cladding[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2015,645:151-157.
[21]ACKER K V,VANHOYWEGHEN D,PERSOONS R,et al.Influence of Tungsten Carbide Particle Size and Distribution on the Wear Resistance of Laser Clad WC/Ni Coatings[J].Wear,2005,258(1):194-202.