渤海湾盆地束鹿凹陷古近系沙河街组湖相混积泥灰岩致密油储层特征
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摘要
渤海湾盆地束鹿凹陷沙河街组三段下亚段(Es~3(下))广泛发育一套湖相混积成因"泥灰岩",是致密油勘探的主要目标层系。通过岩心和薄片观察、孔渗、压汞、扫描电镜、CT、核磁共振等分析,揭示了该套特殊成因混积泥灰岩储层地质特征;结合地质、地球化学综合分析,明确有利储层发育主控因素,建立储层分类评价标准,指出致密油勘探有利区带。结果表明:束鹿凹陷Es~3(下)泥灰岩主要包括互层混积的纹层状泥灰岩和结构混积的块状泥灰岩两类,矿物组成均以方解石为主,其次为白云石,粘土矿物与石英、长石含量低。储层孔隙度一般低于4. 0%,基质渗透率一般小于10×10~(-3)μm~2,属特低孔特低渗储层。储层孔隙类型多样、孔隙结构复杂,发育两大类8亚类储集空间,基质孔以纳米级孔隙为主。不同岩石结构的泥灰岩储层物性与孔隙结构差异明显,纹层状泥灰岩孔隙分布非均质性强,表现出双重或多重孔隙介质特征,孔渗条件和孔隙结构优于块状泥灰岩。混积泥灰岩有利储层发育受沉积亚相、岩石组构、有机质丰度与成熟度、构造缝等因素综合控制;斜坡内带及洼槽区半深湖-深湖亚相的高TOC纹层状泥灰岩是致密油勘探的有利目标。
Lacustrine marlstones of mixed silisiclastic-carbonate origin are widely developed in the lower third member of the Shahejie Formation( Es~3 L) in the Shulu Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,and are the main target layers for tight oil exploration.Various data including core analysis,thin section observation,porosity and permeability measurement,mercury intrusion porosimetry,scanning electronic microscope( SEM),CT scanning and nuclear magnetic resonance( NMR) were used to clarify the geologic properties of the special marlstone reservoir of mixed silisiclastic-carbonate origin. Based on the comprehensive analyses in geology and geochemistry,the main controlling factors favorable for reservoirs development were revealed,the criteria for reservoir classification and evaluation were established,and furthermore the favorable plays for tight oil exploration were pointed out. The results indicate that the marlstones in Es~3 Lcan be divided into two groups,namely lamellar marlstones of interlaminated mixing and blocky marlstones of structural mixing. The mineral compositions of both types are dominated by calcite,followed by dolomite,and are low in contents of clay,quartz,and feldspar. The reservoir porosity is typically below 4. 0%,and matrix permeability less than 10 × 10~(-3)μm~2,manifesting its nature of ultralow porosity and extra-low permeability reservoir. There are diverse types of reservoir pores with complicated structures,which can be divided into two categories and eight subcategories. Most of the matrix pores are nanopores. Reservoir properties and pore structures are distinctly different between marlstones with diverse structures: the pore distribution in thelamellar marlstones is highly heterogeneous,featuring double or multi-porosity media; the lamellar marlstones are better than blocky marlstones in terms of porosity and pore structure. The favorable marlstone reservoirs of mixed silisiclasticcarbonate origin are controlled by sedimentary subfacies,rock fabric,abundance and maturity of organic matters,and density of structural fractures. As for tight oil exploration,the lamellar marlstones with high TOC that are deposited in inner slope and semi-deep and deep lacustrine subfacies of trough areas are the favorable targets for tight oil exploration.
Lacustrine marlstones of mixed silisiclastic-carbonate origin are widely developed in the lower third member of the Shahejie Formation( Es~3 L) in the Shulu Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,and are the main target layers for tight oil exploration.Various data including core analysis,thin section observation,porosity and permeability measurement,mercury intrusion porosimetry,scanning electronic microscope( SEM),CT scanning and nuclear magnetic resonance( NMR) were used to clarify the geologic properties of the special marlstone reservoir of mixed silisiclastic-carbonate origin. Based on the comprehensive analyses in geology and geochemistry,the main controlling factors favorable for reservoirs development were revealed,the criteria for reservoir classification and evaluation were established,and furthermore the favorable plays for tight oil exploration were pointed out. The results indicate that the marlstones in Es~3 Lcan be divided into two groups,namely lamellar marlstones of interlaminated mixing and blocky marlstones of structural mixing. The mineral compositions of both types are dominated by calcite,followed by dolomite,and are low in contents of clay,quartz,and feldspar. The reservoir porosity is typically below 4. 0%,and matrix permeability less than 10 × 10~(-3)μm~2,manifesting its nature of ultralow porosity and extra-low permeability reservoir. There are diverse types of reservoir pores with complicated structures,which can be divided into two categories and eight subcategories. Most of the matrix pores are nanopores. Reservoir properties and pore structures are distinctly different between marlstones with diverse structures: the pore distribution in thelamellar marlstones is highly heterogeneous,featuring double or multi-porosity media; the lamellar marlstones are better than blocky marlstones in terms of porosity and pore structure. The favorable marlstone reservoirs of mixed silisiclasticcarbonate origin are controlled by sedimentary subfacies,rock fabric,abundance and maturity of organic matters,and density of structural fractures. As for tight oil exploration,the lamellar marlstones with high TOC that are deposited in inner slope and semi-deep and deep lacustrine subfacies of trough areas are the favorable targets for tight oil exploration.
引文
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[5]赵贤正,朱洁琼,张锐锋,等.冀中坳陷束鹿凹陷泥灰岩砾岩致密油气成藏特征与勘探潜力[J].石油学报,2014,35(4):613-621.Zhao Xianzheng,Zhu Jieqiong,Zhang Ruifeng et al. Characteristics and exploration potential of tight calcilutite-rudstone reservoirs in Shulu sag,Jizhong depression,North China[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(4):613-621.
[6]赵贤正,姜在兴,张锐锋,等.陆相断陷盆地特殊岩性致密油藏地质特征与勘探实践-以束鹿凹陷沙河街组致密油藏为例[J].石油学报,2015,36(增刊):1-9.Zhao Xianzheng,Jung Zaixing,Zhang Ruifengl,et al. Geological characteristics and exploration practices of special-lithology tight oil reservoirs in continental rift basins:a case study of tight oil in Shahejie Formation,Shulu sag[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(S):1-9.
[7]邱隆伟,姜在兴,梁宏斌,等.石灰泥岩一种陆源机械成因的碳酸盐岩[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(6):1-7.Qiu Longwei,Jiang Zaixing,Liang Hongbin,et al. Limemudstone:a kind of carbonate rock of terrigenous mechanical origin[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum,2010,34(6):1-7.
[8]张锐锋,田然,李名,等.束鹿凹陷沙河街组三段下亚段层序地层与油气藏类型[J].石油学报,2015,36(增刊):10-20.Zhang Ruifeng,Tian Ran,Li Ming,et al. Stratigraphic sequence and types of oil and gas reservoirs in the lower part of Member 3 of Shahejie formation in Shulu sag[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(S):10-20.
[9]邱隆伟,杜蕊,梁宏斌,等.束鹿凹陷碳酸盐角砾岩的成因研究[J].沉积学报,2006,24(2):202-208.Qiu Longwei,Du Rui,Liang Hong,et al. Theformation of carbonate breccia in Shulu depression[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(2):202-208.
[10]苏静,旷红伟,刘俊奇,等.束鹿凹陷古近系沙三下段沉积相特征研究[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2008,28(1):39-47.Su Jing,Kuang Hongwei,Liu Junqi. et al. Sedimentary facies in the lower part of the third member of the Palaeogene Shahejieformation in the Shulu depression,Hebei[J]. Sedimentary Geology and TethyanGeology,2008,28(1):39-47.
[11]崔周旗,郭永军,李毅逵,等.束鹿凹陷沙河街组三段下亚段泥灰岩-砾岩岩石学特征[J].石油学报,2015,36(增刊):21-29.Cui Zhouqi,Guo Yonjun,Li Yi,et al. Calcilutite-rudstone petrological characteristics in the lower part of Member 3 of Shahejieformation,Shulu sag[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(S):21-29.
[12]张琴,朱筱敏,李晨溪,等.渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷沙河街组富有机质页岩孔隙分类及孔径定量表征[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(2):422-438.Zhang Qin,Zhu Xiaomin,Li Chenxi,et al. Classification and quantitative characterization of microscopic pores in organic-rich shale of the Shahejieformation in the Zhanhua sag,Bohai Bay basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(2):422-432.
[13]张磊磊,陆正元,王军,等.渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷沙三下亚段页岩油层段微观孔隙结构[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(1):80-86.Zhang Leilei,Lu Zhengyuan,Wang Jun,et al. Microscopic pore structure of shale oil reservoirs in the Lower3rdMember of Shahejie formation in Zhanhua sag,Bohai Bay basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(1):80-86.
[14]张顺,王永诗,刘惠民,等.渤海湾盆地东营凹陷细粒沉积微相对页岩油储层微观结构的控制作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):923-934.Zhang Shun,Wang Yongshi,Liu Huimin,et al. Controlling effect of fine-grained sedimentary microfacies upon the microstructure of shale oil reservoirs in the Dongying Sag,Bohai Baybasin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(6):923-934.
[15] Chalmers G R L,Bustin R M. Lower Crelaceous gas shales in northeastern British Columbia,Part I:geological controls on methane sorption capacity[J]. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,2008,56(1):1-21
[16] Loucks R G,Reed R M,Ruppel S C,et al. Morphology,genesis,and distribution of nanometer-scale pores in siliceous mudstones of the Mississippian Barnett shale[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research,2009,79:848-861.
[17]曹涛涛,刘光祥,曹清古,等.有机显微组成对泥页岩有机孔发育的影响-以川东地区海陆过渡相龙潭组泥页岩为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2018,39(1):40-52.Cao Taotao,Liu Guangxiang,Cao Qinggu,et al. Influence of maceral composition on organic pore development in shale:A case study of transitional Longtan formation shale in eastern Sichuan basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2018,39(1):40-53.
[18]李冬梅,戴明建,于兴河,等.束鹿凹陷西斜坡中部成藏因素分析[J].特种油气藏,2012,19(1):31-33.Li Dongmei,Dai Mingjian,Yu Xinhe,et al. Analysis of reservoir forming factors in the west slope of the Shu Lusag[J]. Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2012,19(1):31-33.
[19]王少春.束鹿凹陷湖相泥灰岩油气藏的形成与分布研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2013.Wang Shaochun. Lacustrine marl reservoir formation and distribution of Shulu sag[D]. Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology,2013.
[20]卢双舫,黄文彪,陈方文,等.页岩油气资源分级评价标准探讨[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(2):249-256.Lu Shuangfang,Huang Wenbiao,Chen Fangwen,et al. Classification and evaluation criteria of shale oil and gas resources:Discussion and application[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012.39(2):249-256.
[21]李进步,卢双舫,陈国辉,等.热解参数S1的轻烃与重烃校正及其意义-以渤海湾盆地大民屯凹陷E2s4(2)段为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(4):538-545.Li Jinbu,Lu Shuangfang,Chen Guohui,et al. Correction of light and heavy hydrocarbon loss for residual hydrocarbon S1and its significance to assessing resource potential of E2s4(2)member in Damintun Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(4):538-545.
[22]张洪,张水昌,柳少波,等.致密油充注孔喉下限的理论探讨及实例分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):367-372.Zhang Hong,Zhang Shuichang,Liu Shaobo,et al. A theoretical discussion and case study on the oil-charging throat threshold for tight reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(3):367-372.
[2]杨朝青,沙庆安.云南曲靖中泥盆统曲靖组的沉积环境:一种陆源碎屑与海相碳酸盐的混合沉积[J].沉积学报,1990,8(2):59-66.Yang Chaoging,Sha Qingan. Sedimentary environment of the Middle Devonian Qujiang fomation,Qujiang,Yunnan province:a kind of mixing sedimentation of terrigenous clastics and carbonate[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1990,8(2):59-66.
[3]沙庆安.混合沉积和混积岩的讨论[J].古地理学报,2001,3(3):63-66.Sha Qinan. Discussionon mixing deposit and Hunji rock[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography,2001,3(3):63-66.
[4]梁宏斌,旷红伟,刘俊奇,等.冀中坳陷束鹿凹陷古近系沙河街组三段泥灰岩成因探讨[J].古地理学报,2007,9(2):167-173.Liang Hongbin,Kuang Hongwei,Liu Junqi,et al. Discussionon origin for marls of the Member 3 of Shahejie formation of Paleogene in Shulu sag of central Hebei depression[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography,2007,9(2):167-173.
[5]赵贤正,朱洁琼,张锐锋,等.冀中坳陷束鹿凹陷泥灰岩砾岩致密油气成藏特征与勘探潜力[J].石油学报,2014,35(4):613-621.Zhao Xianzheng,Zhu Jieqiong,Zhang Ruifeng et al. Characteristics and exploration potential of tight calcilutite-rudstone reservoirs in Shulu sag,Jizhong depression,North China[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(4):613-621.
[6]赵贤正,姜在兴,张锐锋,等.陆相断陷盆地特殊岩性致密油藏地质特征与勘探实践-以束鹿凹陷沙河街组致密油藏为例[J].石油学报,2015,36(增刊):1-9.Zhao Xianzheng,Jung Zaixing,Zhang Ruifengl,et al. Geological characteristics and exploration practices of special-lithology tight oil reservoirs in continental rift basins:a case study of tight oil in Shahejie Formation,Shulu sag[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(S):1-9.
[7]邱隆伟,姜在兴,梁宏斌,等.石灰泥岩一种陆源机械成因的碳酸盐岩[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(6):1-7.Qiu Longwei,Jiang Zaixing,Liang Hongbin,et al. Limemudstone:a kind of carbonate rock of terrigenous mechanical origin[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum,2010,34(6):1-7.
[8]张锐锋,田然,李名,等.束鹿凹陷沙河街组三段下亚段层序地层与油气藏类型[J].石油学报,2015,36(增刊):10-20.Zhang Ruifeng,Tian Ran,Li Ming,et al. Stratigraphic sequence and types of oil and gas reservoirs in the lower part of Member 3 of Shahejie formation in Shulu sag[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(S):10-20.
[9]邱隆伟,杜蕊,梁宏斌,等.束鹿凹陷碳酸盐角砾岩的成因研究[J].沉积学报,2006,24(2):202-208.Qiu Longwei,Du Rui,Liang Hong,et al. Theformation of carbonate breccia in Shulu depression[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(2):202-208.
[10]苏静,旷红伟,刘俊奇,等.束鹿凹陷古近系沙三下段沉积相特征研究[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2008,28(1):39-47.Su Jing,Kuang Hongwei,Liu Junqi. et al. Sedimentary facies in the lower part of the third member of the Palaeogene Shahejieformation in the Shulu depression,Hebei[J]. Sedimentary Geology and TethyanGeology,2008,28(1):39-47.
[11]崔周旗,郭永军,李毅逵,等.束鹿凹陷沙河街组三段下亚段泥灰岩-砾岩岩石学特征[J].石油学报,2015,36(增刊):21-29.Cui Zhouqi,Guo Yonjun,Li Yi,et al. Calcilutite-rudstone petrological characteristics in the lower part of Member 3 of Shahejieformation,Shulu sag[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(S):21-29.
[12]张琴,朱筱敏,李晨溪,等.渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷沙河街组富有机质页岩孔隙分类及孔径定量表征[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(2):422-438.Zhang Qin,Zhu Xiaomin,Li Chenxi,et al. Classification and quantitative characterization of microscopic pores in organic-rich shale of the Shahejieformation in the Zhanhua sag,Bohai Bay basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(2):422-432.
[13]张磊磊,陆正元,王军,等.渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷沙三下亚段页岩油层段微观孔隙结构[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(1):80-86.Zhang Leilei,Lu Zhengyuan,Wang Jun,et al. Microscopic pore structure of shale oil reservoirs in the Lower3rdMember of Shahejie formation in Zhanhua sag,Bohai Bay basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(1):80-86.
[14]张顺,王永诗,刘惠民,等.渤海湾盆地东营凹陷细粒沉积微相对页岩油储层微观结构的控制作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):923-934.Zhang Shun,Wang Yongshi,Liu Huimin,et al. Controlling effect of fine-grained sedimentary microfacies upon the microstructure of shale oil reservoirs in the Dongying Sag,Bohai Baybasin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(6):923-934.
[15] Chalmers G R L,Bustin R M. Lower Crelaceous gas shales in northeastern British Columbia,Part I:geological controls on methane sorption capacity[J]. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,2008,56(1):1-21
[16] Loucks R G,Reed R M,Ruppel S C,et al. Morphology,genesis,and distribution of nanometer-scale pores in siliceous mudstones of the Mississippian Barnett shale[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research,2009,79:848-861.
[17]曹涛涛,刘光祥,曹清古,等.有机显微组成对泥页岩有机孔发育的影响-以川东地区海陆过渡相龙潭组泥页岩为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2018,39(1):40-52.Cao Taotao,Liu Guangxiang,Cao Qinggu,et al. Influence of maceral composition on organic pore development in shale:A case study of transitional Longtan formation shale in eastern Sichuan basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2018,39(1):40-53.
[18]李冬梅,戴明建,于兴河,等.束鹿凹陷西斜坡中部成藏因素分析[J].特种油气藏,2012,19(1):31-33.Li Dongmei,Dai Mingjian,Yu Xinhe,et al. Analysis of reservoir forming factors in the west slope of the Shu Lusag[J]. Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2012,19(1):31-33.
[19]王少春.束鹿凹陷湖相泥灰岩油气藏的形成与分布研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2013.Wang Shaochun. Lacustrine marl reservoir formation and distribution of Shulu sag[D]. Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology,2013.
[20]卢双舫,黄文彪,陈方文,等.页岩油气资源分级评价标准探讨[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(2):249-256.Lu Shuangfang,Huang Wenbiao,Chen Fangwen,et al. Classification and evaluation criteria of shale oil and gas resources:Discussion and application[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012.39(2):249-256.
[21]李进步,卢双舫,陈国辉,等.热解参数S1的轻烃与重烃校正及其意义-以渤海湾盆地大民屯凹陷E2s4(2)段为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(4):538-545.Li Jinbu,Lu Shuangfang,Chen Guohui,et al. Correction of light and heavy hydrocarbon loss for residual hydrocarbon S1and its significance to assessing resource potential of E2s4(2)member in Damintun Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(4):538-545.
[22]张洪,张水昌,柳少波,等.致密油充注孔喉下限的理论探讨及实例分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):367-372.Zhang Hong,Zhang Shuichang,Liu Shaobo,et al. A theoretical discussion and case study on the oil-charging throat threshold for tight reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(3):367-372.